Brazilian Gangs

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Comando Vermelho (Portuguese: [koˈmɐ̃du veʁˈmeʎu], Red Command or Red Commando) is a Brazilian criminal organization engaged primarily in arms and drug trafficking.[1] The group, originally known as Falange Vermelha ("Red Phalanx"), was formed in 1979 as an alliance between ordinary convicts and leftist militants who were incarcerated together during the military dictatorship of 1964–1985.[1][3] In the early 1980s, the group changed its name to Comando Vermelho and is believed to have abandoned most of its far-left political ideology.[3][1]
Candido Mendes Prison, Ilha Grande, Brazil
Primeiro Grupo Catarinense, Paraguayan crime groups, Comando da Paz, Bala na Cara, Sindicato do Crime do Rio Grande do Norte, Okaida, Comando Revolucionário Brasileiro da Criminalidade
The Comando Vermelho controls parts of Rio de Janeiro and has fought several small-scale conflicts (in 2001 and 2004) with the rival gang Terceiro Comando which itself emerged from a power struggle amongst the leaders of Comando Vermelho during the mid-1980s.[1]
The organization is a collection of independent cells rather than having a strict hierarchy, however prominent bosses include Luiz Fernando da Costa and Isaias da Costa Rodrigues.[4]
In late June 2007, Rio de Janeiro police launched a large-scale assault on the area where up to 24 people were killed.[5] According to a study by the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro's Violence Research Center, in 2008 the group controlled 38.8% of the city's most violent areas, down from 53% in 2005.[6]
The Comando is always looking to attract new Brazilian youth and bring them into their ranks.[citation needed] In addition to sponsoring groups like neighborhood associations and special interest clubs, and organizing sporting events, one of the most common ways in which the criminal organization is able to catch the youth's attention is through the popular musical style of funk, a form of Brazilian "booty music" derived from Miami Bass. Due to the genre's popularity with young Brazilians, the group "is known to have subsidized funk parties to recruit young kids for drug dealing".[7]
In addition to these funk parties (bailes funk), "where drugs and sex attract even bourgeois or petty-bourgeois youth",[8] held regularly by the organization every Sunday, funk artists are also sponsored by the Comando Vermelho to record songs and even entire CDs that promote the group and eulogize the group's dead members. Because the Comando pays for the production and recording of the funk songs, they "are often well recorded and of a high technical quality, and are being played on pirate radio stations and sold by hundreds of street vendors in Rio de Janeiro and in São Paulo".[8] Thus the funk artists that are in league with Comando Vermelho sometimes garner significant sales and airplay despite making a type of music that is Proibidão, or "extremely prohibited", in terms of where it can be sold and who can play it. In addition to promoting the crime group, the funk sponsored by the Comando also challenges the ideas and laws of the Division of the Repression Against Drugs.[9]
In June 2018, the Red Command launched attacks on a Bolivian Army base in Porvenir and a Brazilian police station in Epitaciolandia, in both instances stealing weapons and ammunition.[10]
Ross Kemp made a documentary about the Red Command (CV). The film City of God shows the early beginnings of Comando Vermelho. The DVD release of this movie contains an extra documentary "News of a Private War" which features interviews with the police and local children from the favelas (slums).
^ a b c d e Conflict Encyclopedia, Brazil, non-state conflict, Comando Vermelho - Terceiro Comando from Uppsala Conflict Data Program accessed 21 December 2013
^ Fonseca, Pedro; Brooks, Brad. "Brazil gang kills 31, many hacked to death, as prison violence explodes". Reuters. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
^ a b "Red Command". InSight Crime. May 18, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
^ Red Command by InSight Crime Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine
^ Phillips, Tom (29 June 2007). "Blood on the streets as drug gang and police fight for control of Rio favelas". The Guardian. London.
^ Gollo, Luiz Augusto (2009-11-11). "Vigilante Groups in Brazil Trump Drug Gangs and Become Rio's New Authority". Brazzil. Archived from the original on 15 November 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
^ Behague, Gerard. "Rap, Reggae, Rock, or Samba: The Local and the Global in Brazilian Popular Music (1985-95)." Latin American Music Review 27, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2006)
^ a b Brazil: The social contradictions underlying the violent eruption in São Paulo Benoit, Hector. 18 May 2006. World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 14 February 2008
^ Behague, Gerard. "Rap, Reggae, Rock, or Samba: The Local and the Global in Brazilian Popular Music. (1985-95)." Latin American Music Review 27, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2006): 79-90
^ Bargent, James (June 19, 2018). "Red Command Arrests in Bolivia Point to Group's Likely Expansion". InSight Crime.
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Brazil’s three most important gangs - First Capital Command, Red Command and the Family of the North - have proven adept at moving drugs enormous distances to supply Brazilian consumers. With thousands of cargo ships leaving Brazil annually for Europe, Africa and beyond, there was no reason to stop at the water’s edge, Secco told Reuters.
www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-violence-…
Which is the largest criminal organization in Brazil?
Which is the largest criminal organization in Brazil?
Primeiro Comando da Capital ( PCC ; "First Command of the Capital", Portuguese pronunciation: [pɾiˈmejɾu koˈmɐ̃du da kapiˈtaw] ), is, according to a 2012 Brazilian Government report, the largest Brazilian criminal organization, with a membership of almost 20,000 members, 6,000 of whom are in prison.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiro_Comando_da…
In recent days, as Brazil’s coronavirus death toll has climbed to 46, gang members have been circulating in the Cidade de Deus (City of God) favela in western Rio ordering residents to remain indoors after 8pm.
www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/25/…
Why did gang members get out of jail?
Why did gang members get out of jail?
The cause was apparently an announcement made by PCC leaders and spread to gang members outside jail.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiro_Comando_da…
São Paulo's military Police ( Polícia Militar) is the main target of the attacks. Geleião and Cesinha, from the Bangu Penitentiary where they were held, went on to coordinate violent attacks against public buildings.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiro_Comando_da…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Gangs_in_Brazil
Перевести · Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Gangs_in_Brazil&oldid=978223679 ". Categories: Gangs in Latin America. Gangs in South America by country.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comando_Vermelho
Founding location: Candido Mendes Prison, Ilha …
Rivals: Primeiro Comando da Capital, Terceiro …
Founded: 1979 (known as Falange Vermelha)
Years active: 1979–present
Comando Vermelho is a Brazilian criminal organization engaged primarily in arms and drug trafficking. The group, originally known as Falange Vermelha ("Red Phalanx"), was formed in 1979 as an alliance between ordinary convicts and leftist militants who were incarcerated together during the military dictatorship of 1964–1985. In the early 1980s, the group changed its name to Comando Vermelho and is believed to have abandoned most of its far-left political ideology.
Comando Vermelho is a Brazilian criminal organization engaged primarily in arms and drug trafficking. The group, originally known as Falange Vermelha ("Red Phalanx"), was formed in 1979 as an alliance between ordinary convicts and leftist militants who were incarcerated together during the military dictatorship of 1964–1985. In the early 1980s, the group changed its name to Comando Vermelho and is believed to have abandoned most of its far-left political ideology.

The Comando Vermelho controls parts of Rio de Janeiro and has fought several small-scale conflicts (in 2001 and 2004) with the rival gang Terceiro Comando which itself emerged from a power struggle amongst the leaders of Comando Vermelho during the mid-1980s.

The organization is a collection of independent cells rather than having a strict hierarchy, however prominent bosses include Luiz Fernando da Costa and Isaias da Costa Rodrigues.

In late June 2007, Rio de Janeiro police launched a large-scale assault on the area where up to 24 people were killed. According to a study by the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro's Violence Research Center, in 2008 the group controlled 38.8% of the city's most violent areas, down from 53% in 2005.
Gang Life in a Brazilian Slum | Beyond Human Boundaries | TRACKS
Brazil's gangs emerge as major cocaine exporters to Europe
Brazil's drugs gangs prepare for the World Cup
Brazil's police crack down on drug gangs
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_Brazil
Prevention
Brazil has started a crime fighting program specifically meant to combat gangs and gang centered violence. The UPP program; involving 'Pacifying Police Units', has been introduced in the traditionally violent favelas of Rio de Janeiro since 2008/2009. UPP personnel are well-educated and trained in both human rights and modern police techniques; their aim is to supplant the community presence of gangs as central community figures…
Prevention
Brazil has started a crime fighting program specifically meant to combat gangs and gang centered violence. The UPP program; involving 'Pacifying Police Units', has been introduced in the traditionally violent favelas of Rio de Janeiro since 2008/2009. UPP personnel are well-educated and trained in both human rights and modern police techniques; their aim is to supplant the community presence of gangs as central community figures. As of 2013, 34 UPP units are operational in 226 different communities, with a reach of 1.5 million citizens.

The UPP program has so far proven its worth by significantly reducing the number of homicides, while also reducing violent crime rates in general. Local residents are mostly positive about the program and an overwhelming number of residents felt safer. Furthermore, the UPP program symbolizes a new crime prevention paradigm that focuses on social inclusion and community development. However, in some areas the homicide rate was already dropping prior to the implementation of the program. Therefore, the drop in crime may be due to a general trend of decline in homicides as well.

Gangs
Gang violence has been directed at police, security officials and related facilities. Gangs have also attacked official buildings and set alight public buses. May 2006 São Paulo violence began on the night of 12 May 2006 in São Paulo, Brazil. It was the worst outbreak of violence which has been recorded in Brazilian history and was directed against security forces and some civilian targets. By May 14 the attacks had spread to other Brazilian states including Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Bahia. Another outbreak of violence took place in São Paulo in July 2006.

2016 saw a new string of deadly prison riots. The nature of these riots was a turfwar between the Primeiro Comando da Capital and other gangs as an extension of a turfwar that has been increasing in intensity with the PCC aggressively expanding its territory. In 2019, a prison riot between two gangs Comando Vermelho and Comando Classe A left 57 dead after hours of fighting.

Gang violence in Brazil has become an important issue affecting the youth. Brazilian gang members have used children to commit crimes because their prison sentences are shorter. As of 2007, murder was the most common cause of death among youth in Brazil, with 40% of all murder victims aged between 15 and 25 years old.

In regard to inter-gang conflict, gangs typically challenge or demand an aggressive reaction to defend their reputations. If someone does not respond in this manner, they are socially isolated. The gangs in Brazil are very territorial, and focused on their illegal business. Theft and robbery bring in small amounts of money compared to narcotic and weapons sales so it is less common for these gangs to get involved in petty crimes of theft or robbery.

The gangs more specifically in Rio de Janeiro are interested in harmony because they do not want any contact with the police. They will even go to helping others in the community, with money and even protecting them, just to be sure that the police do not come around. Children and other members of the community see notably rich and powerful gang members and want to emulate this behavior. Gang members then become a substitute for family and are role models because they have respect with more than average monetary gains.

It is most common for these gangs to be under a military command structure. Each Rio's favela has one dono who is in charge of controlling the managers of a favela and the soldados in his territory. The latter protect the favela against other drug factions and the police. They are also responsible for taking over other favelas. The managers of a favela control the managers of the bocas (the places where drugs are sold in the favela). The managers of the bocas in turn control the drug dealers who sell the drugs in the area around a boca. There are children and women who wait at the entrances to a favela to signal to the others if the police or other gangs are about to enter. It is normal to join at about 10 years old, and by 12 years old to carry weapons. These gangs are attractive to the children and youth because they offer protection, recognition, and career options that those who join could not achieve on their own. Favelas are now often controlled by juveniles and young adults.

The concern here is of the strong ties that are between illegal business and politicians, police officers, the justice system, and the economy. Not all people are involved but all layers of society are affected because of corruption. Police are bribed to not disturb what these gangs are doing, as well as many of them are dealers themselves. Also, the young children are carrying guns and may be nervous, aware of peer pressure, or on drugs and can become careless. The level of brutality and homicide rates have skyrocketed in countries with younger gang members like this.

Drug trafficking
Drug trafficking makes up for an increasingly large portion of crime in Brazil. A total of 27% of all incarcerations in Brazil are the result of drug trafficking charges. Between 2007 and 2012 the number of drug related incarcerations has increased from 60.000 to 134.000; a 123 percent increase.

The primary drug trafficking jobs for children and youth are:
• endoladores: packages the drugs
• olheiro(a) and/or fogueteiro(a): person who looks out to provide early warnings of police or any enemy drug faction invasion
• Drug mule: carries drugs to others inside their body, these are unwilling members of a gang, and don't survive for very long.
• vapor: drug sales persons
• gerente da boca: overseer of drugsales
• soldado(a): soldiers, armed and employed to maintain protection
• fiel: personal armed security guard for the "gerente geral"
• gerente geral or dono: owner/boss
• Aviões (literally translated to "little airplanes"). These are the children who deliver messages and drugs to customers. They are not described in the hierarchal organization, but they are very low/entry-level positions. In addition, this position has the most arrests.

Of 325 youth that were incarcerated, 44% of boys and 53% of girls reported some involvement with drug trafficking. Selling and carrying drugs were the most common activities between both boys and girls. The most common drug was marijuana, followed by cocaine and crack. From the study; 74% had used marijuana, 36% had snorted cocaine, and 21% had used crack.

Youth held low positions in the hierarchy and engaged in relatively low volumes of activity for short periods of time. The police are capturing the front-line players of the drug industry rather than the donos. 51% of youth involved with trafficking reported it to be very easy to obtain a gun, while 58% involved in trafficking reported it to be very easy to obtain cocaine.

Penalties
Criminal penalties for youths, who make up a significant portion of street crime, is internment in educational centers with a maximum stay of 3 years. Youths are not punished under the penal code, but under the Brazilian Statute of the Child and Adolescent.

For adults, the consumption of drugs is nearly decriminalized, but activities in any way related to the sale of drugs are illegal. The distinction between drug consumers and suppliers is poorly defined and thus controversial. This ambiguity gives judges a high degree of discretion in sentencing, and leads to accusations of discriminatory or unequal court rulings. Drug consumers receive light penalties varying from mandatory self-education on the effects of drugs to community service. The minimum sentence for a drug supplying offense is 5 to 15 years in prison. Critics of the consumer/supplier distraction of offenses argue for a more complex categorization than only two categories, to allow for more lenient punishments for minor drugs violations. Former UN secretary general Kofi Anan and former president of Brazil Cardoso argue for stepping away from the "war" approach on drugs, saying the militant approach can be counterproductive. However, many others hold a hard-line preference for heavy penalization.
Wikipedia · Текст по лицензии CC-BY-SA
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8145935
Перевести · 24.03.2020 · Brazilian police fly a helicopter to create a sandstorm and chase people off a beach to enforce coronavirus lockdown - as GANGS vow to enforce curfew in Rio's favelas. Brazilian …
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/25/brazil-rio-gangs-coronavirus
Перевести · 25.03.2020 · In recent days, as Brazil’s coronavirus death toll has climbed to 46, gang members have been circulating in the Cidade de Deus (City of God) …
https://sputniknews.com/viral/202003241078698336-brazilian-gangs-impose-curfew-in-rio...
Перевести · 24.03.2020 · Criminal gangs have reportedly imposed curfews in some of Rio-de-Janeiro's favelas amid the coronavirus pandemic. The Brazilian government …
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=WhMa2fxLYQ0
Перевести · 30.04.2020 · Favela Lockdown: Brazil’s Gangs Fighting COVID-19 - YouTube. Favela Lockdown: Brazil’s Gangs …
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Category:Gangs in Brazil - Wikipedia
Comando Vermelho - Wikipedia
Crime in Brazil - Wikipedia
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Brazilian Gangs