Brazilian Carnival Party

Brazilian Carnival Party




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BRAZILIAN GIRLS PARTY AT BRAZIL CARNIVAL CULTURE CELEBRATION STREET PARTY
BRAZILIAN GIRLS DANCE FUNK AFTER BRAZILIAN CARNIVAL STREET PARTY
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BRAZILIAN GIRLS PARTY IN THE STREET AT BRAZILIAN CARNIVAL CULTURE CELEBRATION !!


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rio's carnival is the largest in the world according to Guinness World Records. [1]


^ "Largest carnival" . Guinness World Records. 1 January 2004 . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ "Carnival" . Online Etymology Dictionary .

^ "Carnaval de Belo Horizonte terá público recorde, menos recurso e mais restrições - 23/01/2016" . Em.com.br .

^ "Topic: Carnival in Brazil" . Statista . Retrieved 4 December 2020 . Carnival is, without a doubt, the biggest national festivity in Brazil. For five days each year, the entire country unites in one big street party, where everyone is invited. But Carnival is not only a big part of the country’s culture, it is also an important event for the Brazilian economy.

^ NewsPaper, The Brasilians (6 February 2018). "Carnival, the Most Beloved Tradition of Brazil" . The Brasilians . Retrieved 4 December 2020 .

^ "Rio's Carnival - General Info" . www.brazilao.com . Retrieved 4 December 2020 .

^ "Brazil Holidays and Festivals" . www.iexplore.com . Retrieved 4 December 2020 . Undoubtedly, Carnival is the country’s most famous gathering. Throughout many of Brazil’s metropolises, Carnival brings an energy that is unrivaled across the globe.

^ "Carnival in Brazil" . Topics-mag.com. 7 October 2008 . Retrieved 4 June 2011 .

^ "Folha.com - Cotidiano - Após recorde de público, Rio limita blocos no Carnaval 2012 - 14/03/2011" . Folha.uol.com.br . 14 March 2011 . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ "Carnaval da Madeira poderá ter influenciado festividades no Brasil | Sociedade | Diário Digital" . Diariodigital.sapo.pt . Archived from the original on 8 March 2016 . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ "SIC Notícias - Cultura" . Sicnoticias.sapo.pt . Archived from the original on 28 August 2018 . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ "Río de Janeiro suspende el carnaval por primera vez en 108 años" (in Spanish). La Radio 1029.com.ar. 1 October 2020 . Retrieved 9 July 2021 .

^ "Confirman carnaval de Río de Janeiro para febrero del 2022" (in Spanish). El Comercio EC. 8 July 2021 . Retrieved 9 July 2021 .

^ Vianna H, The Mystery of Samba: Popular Music and National Identity in Brazil , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 1995, trans. Chasteen J, University of North Carolina Press 1999. p.107.

^ "LIESA - Liga Independente das Escolas de Samba do Rio de Janeiro" . Liesa.globo.com . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ "Mapa de Notas" . Retrieved 20 November 2013 . [ dead link ]

^ "O Portal de Notícias da Paraíba, Nordeste e Brasil" . WSCOM.com.br . Archived from the original on 19 December 2014 . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ "Buy your Costumes for the Brazilian Costume Parade in Rio" . Riocostumes.com . Archived from the original on 28 May 2013 . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ Collins, John F. (2015). Revolt of the Saints: Memory and Redemption in the Twilight of Brazilian Racial Democracy . Durham, NC: Duke University press. ISBN 978-0-8223-5320-1 .

^ Pasqualin, Vera da Cunha (2019). "The Street Carnival of São Paulo reflecting the polarised Brazilian society in 2019" (PDF) . Emotions, Populism and Polarised Politics, Media and Culture – via Conference "Emotions, Populism and Polarised Politics, Media and Culture", University of Helsinki, August 2019.

^ Alface, Felipe (7 February 2018). "The LGBT side of Carnival in Brazil" . The Washington Blade . Retrieved 31 October 2020 .

^ Alface, Felipe (7 February 2018). "The LGBT side of Carnival in Brazil" . The Washington Blade . Retrieved 31 October 2020 .

^ Savarese, Mauricio (22 February 2020). "Brazilian transgender dancer shatters Carnival parade taboo" . AP News . Retrieved 31 October 2020 .

^ "Carnival of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais" . V-brazil.com . Retrieved 4 June 2011 .

^ "Carnaval de BH bate recorde com três milhões de pessoas nas ruas" .

^ "Liga das escolas de samba cancela desfile competitivo de 2018 em Juiz de Fora" . G1. 10 October 2017 . Retrieved 27 February 2018 .

^ "Liesb auxiliará na reestruturação do Carnaval de Juiz de Fora" . SRZD. 27 January 2018 . Retrieved 27 February 2018 .

^ "Curitiba's carnival" . Gazeta do Povo . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ Greene, Stephen (5 March 2014). "Carnival in Curitiba: Zombie Walk" . The Head of the Heard. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016 . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ "Carnaval de Curitiba abre espaço para o rock e zumbis - Notícia - Fundação Cultural de Curitiba" . Fundacaoculturaldecuritiba.com.br . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ "Google Tradutor" . Translate.google.com (in Portuguese) . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ Jump up to: a b "Sambódromo Information" . Bolerio.com . Retrieved 4 June 2011 .

^ "Samba in Rio de Janeiro" . Travel-amazing-southamerica.com. 7 August 1942 . Retrieved 4 June 2011 .

^ Source: UNESCO Office in Brasilia UNESCO Office in Brasilia (7 December 2012). "Brazilian frevo dance is inscribed on the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization" . Unesco.org . Retrieved 11 February 2016 .

^ "Axé Music in Salvador" . Allbrazilianmusic.com . Retrieved 4 June 2011 .

^ "Tenerife-ABC" .

^ "Fiestas de España. El Carnaval de Tenerife" .

^ "El Carnaval de Tenerife" .


The Carnival of Brazil ( Portuguese : Carnaval do Brasil , IPA: [kaʁnaˈvaw] ) is an annual Brazilian festival held the Friday afternoon before Ash Wednesday at noon, which marks the beginning of Lent , the forty-day period before Easter. During Lent, Roman Catholics and some other Christians traditionally abstained from the consumption of meat and poultry, hence the term " carnival ", from carnelevare , "to remove (literally, "raise") meat." [2]

Rhythm, participation, and costumes vary from one region of Brazil to another. In the southeastern cities of Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo , and Vitória , huge organized parades are led by samba schools . Those official parades are meant to be watched by the public, while minor parades ( blocos ) allowing public participation can be found in other cities, like Belo Horizonte , [3] also in the southeastern region. The northeastern cities of Recife , Olinda , Salvador , and Porto Seguro have organized groups parading through streets, and public interacts directly with them. It is a six-day party where crowds follow the trios elétricos through the city streets, dancing and singing. Also in northeast, Olinda carnival features unique characteristics, heavily influenced by local folklore and cultural manifestations, such as Frevo and Maracatu .

The typical genres of music of Brazilian carnival are, in the Southeast Region in general, mostly cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo: the samba-enredo , the samba de bloco, the samba de embalo and the marchinha ; and in the Northeast Region including Pernambuco (mostly cities of Olinda and Recife): frevo and maracatu , and Bahia (mostly the city of Salvador): samba-reggae , pagode (also a type of Samba) and the main genre axé music . These rhythms were mainly developed by Afro-brazlians and Pardos , incorporating and adapting many cultural influences, from the percussion beats of Africa to the military fanfares of europe and iberian music in the use of instruments like pandeiro and cavaquinho .

Carnival is the most popular holiday in Brazil and has become an event of huge proportions. [4] [5] [6] [7] Except for industrial production, retail establishments such as malls, and carnival-related businesses, the country unifies completely for almost a week and festivities are intense, day and night, mainly in coastal cities. [8] Rio de Janeiro's carnival alone drew 4.9 million people in 2011, with 400,000 being foreigners. [9]

Brazilian carnival in essence is a synthesis of European, indigenous, and Afro-Brazilian cultural influences, each group has played an important role in the development of the structure and aesthetic of the Brazilian carnival of today. For instance, the main rhythms used in carnival celebrations were developed by Afro-Brazilians and make use of European instruments like the cavaquinho and pandeiro to create melodies and arrangements, also the fantasies and costumes in the Brazilian carnival borrow concepts from the clothing of the natives, like the use of feathers and the tendency to use lighter pieces of clothing. Historically its origins can be traced to the Portuguese Age of Discoveries when their caravels passed regularly through Madeira , a territory which already celebrated emphatically its carnival season, and where they were loaded with goods but also people and their ludic and cultural expressions. [10] [11]

No carnivals were held in 1915-18, 1940-45, due to the World Wars and in 2021, due to the outbreak to the COVID-19 pandemic , when thousands of people died due to the virus, [12] for which the festival is scheduled to resume on February 26–28 and March 1–2 2022, depending on whether there are no outbreaks due to the variants derived from the COVID-19 and at the same time to normalize the aggressive vaccination campaign undertaken by the Brazilian government throughout the country. [13]

In the late 18th century, the "cordões" (literally "cords", laces or strings in Portuguese ) combined with the "dança do coco" (literally "coconut dance" an Afro-Brazilian dance troupe form) were introduced in Rio de Janeiro . These were pageant groups that paraded through city avenues performing on instruments and dancing. Today they are known as Carnaval blocos (blocks), consisting of a group of people who dress in costumes or special T-shirts with themes and/or logos. Blocos are generally associated with particular neighbourhoods; they include both a percussion or music group and an entourage of revelers. They eventually became the "fathers" of what everyone today knows as the famous and internationally renowned samba-schools in Brazil. Samba-schools (not only in Rio de Janeiro, but in São Paulo and several other cities) are the cultural epicenter of the Brazilian carnival, in terms of the "parading style". The first registered samba-school was called "Deixa-falar", but disappeared later and the first official samba-school contest happened in 1929, with only three groups, and "Oswaldo Cruz" group won the competition, with a samba written by Heitor dos Prazeres. GRES Estação Primeira de Mangueira Samba-School, represented by Cartola , and Estácio de Sá samba School, represented by Ismael Silva, were the other 2 contestants. Eventually, "Oswaldo Cruz" became Portela Samba School, the greatest winner of Rio's Carnival with 22 Titles. Although many Brazilians tend now to favor other forms of national music culture to that of Rio's samba schools, the carnival of Rio de Janeiro remains the national festival par excellence, and the samba of Rio de Janeiro continues to be an agent of national unification. [14]

Carnaval blocos , also known as Blocos de Rua ("Street Blocks") occur in nearly every neighborhood throughout the city and metropolitan areas, but the most famous are the ones in Copacabana , Ipanema , Leblon , Lagoa , Jardim Botânico , and in downtown Rio. Organizers often compose their own music themes that are added to the performance and singing of classic "marchinhas" and samba popular songs. "Cordão do bola preta" ("Polka Dot Bloco"), that goes through the heart of Rio's historical center, and "Suvaco do Cristo" ('Armpit of Christ the Redeemer ', referring to the angle of the statue seen from the neighborhood), near the Botanical Garden, are some of the most famous groups. Monobloco has become so famous that it plays all year round at parties and small concerts.

The formalized samba schools are very small groups of performers, financed by respected organizations (as well as legal gambling groups), who work year-round in preparation for Carnival. Samba Schools perform in the Sambadrome, which runs four entire nights and is overseen by LIESA. [15] They are part of an official competition, divided into seven divisions, in which a single school is declared the winner, according to ten judging categories [16] that include costume, flow, theme, and band music quality and performance. Some samba schools also hold street parties in their neighborhoods, through which they parade along with their followers.

All performers at the Sambadrome have to wear a costume. Some honored members of the school or community may receive one for free, but normally, most will have to pay for their own. [17] Tourists can have the same experience on the "Commercial Area" of some Samba Schools but need to buy their own costume from the school, or through an agent, either of which can be quite costly. [18]

There are several major differences between Carnival in the state of Bahia in Northeastern Brazil and Carnival in Rio de Janeiro. The musical styles are different at each carnival; in Bahia there are many rhythms, including samba, samba-reggae, axé , etc., while in Rio there is the multitude of samba styles: the "samba-enredo", the "samba de bloco", the "samba de embalo", the "funk-samba", as well as the famous "marchinhas" played by the "bandas" in the streets.

In the 1880s, the black population commemorated the days of Carnival in its own way, highly marked by Yoruba characteristics, dancing in the streets playing instruments. This form was thought of as "primitive" by the upper-class white elite , and the groups were banned from participating in the official Bahia Carnival, dominated by the local conservative elite. The groups defied the ban and continued to do their dances.

By the 1970s, four main types of carnival groups developed in Bahia: Afoxês, Trios Elétricos, "Amerindian" groups, and Blocos Afros. Afoxês use the rhythms of the African inspired religion, Candomblé . They also worship the gods of Candomblé, called orixás. An Electric Trio is characterized by a truck equipped with giant speakers and a platform where musicians play songs of local genres such as axé. People follow the trucks singing and dancing. The "Amerindian" groups were inspired by Western movies from the United States. The groups dress up as Native Americans and take on Native American names. Blocos Afros, or Afro groups , were influenced by the Black Pride Movement in the United States, independence movements in Africa, and reggae music that denounced racism and oppression. The groups inspired a renewed pride in African heritage. [19]

Today, Bahia's carnival consists mostly of Trios Elétricos, but there are still Blocos Afros and Afoxês. Every year, about half a million tourists are attracted to Salvador. It is also possible to watch everything from the Camarotes (ringside seats) spread out along the way, offering more comfort to the visitors.

The northeast state of Pernambuco has unique Carnivals in its present capital Recife and in its colonial capital Olinda . Their main rhythms are the frevo and the maracatu . Galo da Madrugada is the biggest carnival parade in the world, considering the number of participants, according The Guinness Book of World Records . It means "dawn's rooster" and parades, as the name suggests, in the morning only. Frevo is Pernambucan-style dance with African and acrobatic influences, as it is fast and electrifying, often using an open umbrella and frequent legs and arms movements.

Unlike Salvador and Rio, the festivities in Recife, Olinda and Itamaraca do not include group competitions. Instead, groups dance and play instruments side by side. Troças and maracatus , mostly of African influence, begin one week before Carnival and end a week later.

The carnival in São Paulo takes place in the Anhembi Sambadrome on the Friday and Saturday night of the week of Carnival, as opposed to Rio's Carnival, which is held on Sunday and Monday night.

Various "samba schools" compete in a huge parade. Each school presents a different theme, which they expose through their costumes, dance, music, and the allegorical cars or " carros alegóricos ", huge vehicles decorated according to the theme designed specifically for the parade. The schools are responsible for choosing their own themes, which usually revolve around historical happenings or some sort of cultural or political movement.

Vai-Vai is the oldest school and has been the Special Group champion most times (15 total, including the 2015 championship). It also is the most popular, for it has a larger fan base and many supporters among the people of the city.

São Paulo has usurped Rio de Janeiro as the Brazilian city with the largest and most diverse Carnival in Brazil. [20] It is als
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