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The following is information found in the records of the National Archives and Records Administration.
It identifies the record group and series, with brief descriptions and locations. It does not provide
actual documents. Some of the records are microfilmed, and have been noted.
For further insight, see Walter B. Hill Jr.'s
Prologue article on this topic.
RG 29 Records of the Bureau of the Census (crop schedules)
RG 36 Records of the United States Customs Service, 1745 - 1982
Congress created the Custom Service on July 31, 1789 and made it a part of the Department of Treasury (September 1789). The service assisted other agencies in the enforcement of the slave trading laws that were passed between 1794 to 1820. In particular, the 1807 law prohibited the transportation of slaves after 1808, and section 9 required that all vessels of 40 tons or more carrying slaves in the coastwise trade file duplicate manifests (ports of origin and destination) showing name, age and description of each slave, the name and residence of exporter and consignee, and pledge that the slave had not been imported after 1807. Manifest records exist for four ports.
By an act of Congress, March 3, 1849, the Department of Interior consolidated in one department the General Land Office (under the Secretary of Treasury), Commissioner of Indian Affairs and Office of the Commissioner of Pensions (under the Secretary of War), Patent Office (under the Secretary of State), Commissioner of Public buildings, and assumed the jurisdiction over census taking, marshals and court officers, charitable and penal institutions in the District of Columbia.
Records Relating to the Suppression of the African Slave Trade and to Negro Colonization, 1854-72
Several laws were passed in the 19th century for the suppression of the African slave trade and for support of the colonization of recaptured and free Africans. In 1861, the Interior Department assumed responsibility of administering the anti-slave trade laws and those providing for the colonization of recaptured and free Africans in Liberia and other countries. The Secretary of Interior accumulated much correspondence related to a variety of issues
and subjects surrounding the suppression of the trade from the President, Congress, various executive departments, 1858-72, and from U.S. agents for liberated Africans in Liberia, 1860-65.
These records were established in the Department of the Navy, effective upon the formal transfer of sovereignty over the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States, March 28, 1917, under authority of an act of March 3, 1917 (39 Stat. 1132). The United States purchased the islands from Denmark by treaty signed August 14, 1916, ratified by the Senate, September 7, 1916. The islands had originally been administered by the Danish West India and Guinea Company, 1672-1754, succeeded by the Danish Crown, 1754-1917, except for periods of British occupation in 1801 and 1807-1815.
Records Relating Directly to Slavery and Emancipation
By an act of Congress, July 27, 1789, ( 1Stat.28), the President approved establishing the first executive department of the Federal Government. Designated the Department of Foreign Affairs, (an Act of September 1789 changed the name to the Department of State), the new Department was established to help the President carry out his constitutional responsibility for conducting the U.S. relations with foreign governments. Domestic functions were assigned to the Department, but with the expansion of the Government most of these were passed to other agencies.
Index to United States Documents Relating to Foreign Affairs 1828-1861
Part II: I to Q
I J K
L M N O P Q
Part III: R to Z
R S T U V W Y Z
RG 69 Records of the Work Projects Administration
The Works Projects Administration, established May 6, 1935, was responsible for the Governments work relief program. It succeeded both the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and the Civil Works Administration, which were established in 1933. The WPA was officially abolished June 30, 1943
These records are located at Archives II in College Park, Maryland
Records of the Federal Theater Project
Living Newspaper Research Materials Relating to Specific Topics, 1936-39
Loc: 530/69/10/5
Following arbitration by the Emperor of Russia in 1822, a mixed claims commission was provided for in a convention signed to settle U.S. claims against Great Britain concerning slaves and property lost during the War of 1812. Because of difficulties faced by the commission, a new convention was signed in 1826 in which Great Britain agreed to pay a sum in satisfaction of all claims awarded under the arbitration of the Emperor. A domestic claims commission was established by an act in 1827 to handle the disbursement of awards. In 1853, another mixed claims commission was established to settle claims presented to either government since December 24, 1814.
There are several series that pertain to the business of the mixed claims commissions and the domestic claims commission. These records are located at Archives II in College Park, Maryland.
RG 206 Records of the Solicitor of the Treasury
Letters received by the Solicitor of the Treasury from U.S. district attorneys, marshals, and clerk of court, 1801-1898
The Office of the Solicitor of the Treasury (1830-1934) was created in the Department of the Treasury to supervise all legal proceedings involving the collection of debts due the United States.
This record group includes letters relative to suits for the forfeiture of vessels involved in the slave trade. These records are located at Archives II in College Park, Maryland.
Index to Letters Received, September 1, 1865 - January 9, 1911
Established within the Department of Treasury by an act of 1817 that authorized four additional auditors and an comptroller. The 1789 Act that established the Treasury provided for a comptroller to superintend the adjustment and preservation of the public accounts and auditor to supervise disbursements.
There are several series that account for the Department of Treasury involvement with the African slave trade. These records are located at Archives l in Washington, D.C.
Settled Accounts of Claimants and Disbursing Officers of the First Auditor. 1790-1894.
Claims case files include: African shipping;the bounty on Blacks illegally imported;the support of captured Africans illegally entering the United States; bounty for the capture of illegal slave ships; expenditures of the American Colonization Society in support of persons of African descent.
Abstract of Accounts for Bounty for the capture of ships in the Slave Trade. 1857-60, 1 vol.
Gives name of the claimant, name of captured and capturing ships, and name of the payee. There is a list of vessels captured for engaging in the slave trade, 1857-60, date of seizure, names of vessels making seizure, the squadron, and the locality of the capture.
Records of the Board of Commissioners for the Emancipation of Slaves in the District of Columbia, 1862-63
An act of April 12, 1862 (12 Stat.376) abolished slavery in the District of Columbia. The President was authorized to appoint a board of commissioners to examine petitions for compensation from former owners of freed slaves in the District. Petitions disclosed name of petitioner, slaves, and value of slaves claimed in the petition. Bound volumes also show summary of action taken,
number of the petition, amount awarded, and signature of the claimant. These records are microfilmed under Microfilm Number 520. There are 6 rolls.
RG 287 Publications of the U.S. Government, 1790-1979
This record group is a collection of selected publications of U.S. Government agencies, arranged according to a classification system (SuDoc System) devised by the Office of the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office (GPO). The core collection is a library that was maintained by GPO's Public Documents Division during the period 1895-1972, and whose contents were arranged according to the SuDoc System. The library began in 1895 following the establishment of GPO of the position of Superintendent of Documents by an act of January 12, 1895 (28 Stat. 601), with responsibility for the cataloging, slae, and distribution of Federal Government publications. By 1972, when the National Archives acquired the library, it included official publications dating from the early years of the government.
After January 1, 1808, slave trading by American citizens became illegal
Annual Reports of the Secretary of the Navy
An Act of July 13, 1862, (12 Stat. 257) prohibited commercial intercourse between people residing in the seceded states and citizens of the United States and provided that merchandise transported for commercial purposes from or to the Confederacy would be forfeited to the United States. The Treasury Department received control over commercial intercourse, and Special Agents under the Special Agency system were given authority to supervise trade and commerce in areas of the Confederacy occupied by Union forces. Under Treasury Department regulations of July 29, 1864, it established "freedmen's home colonies" to provide employment and welfare to assistance to freed slaves. Nine Special Agencies were ultimately established in the Confederate States, each responsible for a prescribed geographical boundary.
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African captives commandeered British slaver
Execution of slave Donelly, Mobile, Alabama
South Carolina laws regulating free blacks
Fugitives slaves: case of the Crafts
Indemnification for slaves relative to the Treaty of Ghent
Manifest of slaves transported coastwise
Transportation of slaves between Mobile and New Orleans
Opinion asked relative to purchase of Spanish schooner, "Amistad"
Opinion asked relative to free colored person and the Pre-emption Act
Orders to cruisers against the introduction of slaves
Seizure of vessels with slaves trading under another flag
Case stated in a letter from President of colonization society
Capture of the "Antelope" and "Ramerez" - claim of Capt. Jackson for bounty
Case of the "Antelope" and "Ramerez" slavers
Purchase of arms for defense of colony in Liberia
Transporting Africans on the Washington barge
Capture of slaver "Phoenix" by the "Grampus"
Case of Africans illegally introduced
Expenses of negroes taken on board "Amistad"
Negro Evidence before a Court Martial
Court martial of Florida slave, G. Mason
American vessel suspected of being in the slave trade
Sends copy of his paper containing evidence of the late fugitive slave case
Opinion case hazard and half of the "Nancy"
Affidavit relative to female slave brought from Savannah, Georgia
Case of James Barry a fugitive slave belonging to a Danish subject
Supreme Court mandate relative to the "Emily", and "Caroline" (slave ships)
Case of the fugitive slaves, W. & E. Craft from Georgia against C. Devens, Jr. U.S. Atty., Mass.
Opinion asked relative to fugitive slave bill
Asks an interview relative to the "Amistad"
Establishing meeting time for the "Amistad" interview
Cargoes of the "Penobscot" and the "Nancy"
J.D. Lewis, of Virginia complaints of loss of slaves
Female slave arrived from Savannah on board the "General Jackson"
The "Caroline" and "Mite" slaving vessels
South Carolina law as to colored mariners, referred by Secy. of State
As to fugitive slaves William & Ellen Croft (Craft) case against C. Devens, Jr. U.S. Atty, Mass.
Letter from A. Mathes, relative to arresting slaves in Indian territory (see 2391)
Capture of the "Ariadne" and "S. Carolina"
Case of the American brig, "Nancy", Deposition of
A kidnapped slave brought from Jamaica
Liability of the U.S. for slaves killed in Florida
Case of Donelly slave condemned for murder of white man, applicant for pardon, Report of case enclosed
Case of C. Muloy and 150 Africans of the cargo of the "Ramerez"
Relative to the brig "Grampus" Enclosing decree in Circuit Court
Galpin's claim for negroes, case falling under the Indian Spring Treaty referred Secy. of War
Asks documents relative to slaves set free in Bermuda, case of the "Amistad"
Relative to proceedings against a fugitive from justice
Relative to slaves on board the "Amistad" being Spanish property
Request for defer of the slave trade question
Asks return of the argument, case of the "Amistad"
Record case of the U.S. vs the "Amistad"
Relative to imprisonment of D. Frazer, colored mariner. Referred by C.J. Steedman, Sheriff of Charleston
Asks copies of opinion of Attys. Genl Wirt and Berrien relative to colored people entering the United States
As to scruples of jurors relative to fugitive slaves
As to power to arrest fugitive slaves in Indian territory (see 2393)
Case of the brig, "Nancy." Ill treatment of negroes by the owner and mate, Hazzard and Haff
Imprisonment of D. Frazer, colored mariner
Merchants in Rhode Island engaged in the slave trade
Expenses of negroes taken on board the "Amistad"
Opinion asked relative to hostile negroes in the Seminole Nation
Relative to the imprisonment of D. Frazer, colored mariner. Referred by British Consul, W. Ogilby (see 309)
Certain vessels and slaves captured on the coast of Florida
Relative to pardon of her servant boy, letter to Judge Taney within
Asks copies of record in case of the "Amistad"
Asking when the case of the "Amistad" will be reached
Case of D. Frazer, a free colored man. Referred by Secy. of State Van Buren (see 309, 310)
Release of D. Frazer, colored mariner. Letter from Consul at Charleston enclosed. Referred by Secy. of State (see 308, 309, 310)
That the Sec. Of State has determined to apply to Congress for appropriations to pay the expenses incurred in securing the cargo of the Bark, "Amelia"
Relative to the African "slave trade"
Relative to suppressing slave trade
As to violation of "fugitive slave law" in case of "Add White"
Rel. to the Dep. Mar.'s account in the fugitive slave law, Boston
Relative tot he case of the "Wanderer"
Rel. to the importation of African negroes by the "Wanderer"
Rel. to the importation of Africans by the "Wanderer"
Rel. to an account of $1500 in favor of J.W. Mayne for services in the prosecution of the
crew of the Brig, "Echo"
Foreign ships flying American flag ( practice of slavers)
As to violation of the Act of Congress for suppression of slave trade
As to whether application has been received for pardon of Andie and of David, the slave one Brown
Bargue "William" condemned as slaver
Relative to "Wanderer" and two negroes
As to whether under the Act of March 2, 1857, negroes slaves can be lawfully be paid for services in the War of 1812
Can master of slave obtain patent invented by slave
Is master entitled to patent invented by slave
U.S. Marshal, South Carolina, seeks compensation for expenses incurred while detaining Africans from the brig "Echo."
Rel. to account for services of A.R. Allen in taking Capt. Farnham of the "Wanderer" to Savannah
Rel. to suit of John F. Mason, (colored) v. Joseph C. and David Gamble
Prosecuting under Fugitive Slave Act
Request for return of fugitive slave
Wants copies of the President's message and reports from State and Navy Depts. in reference to the "slave trade" which were transmitted to Senate April 21, 1858
Ask that the military force at Ft. Leavenworth be placed at his disposal to aid in the arrest persons concerned in the violation of the Fugitive Slave Act
About Mr. Swaynet's bill for service in Fugitive Slave case
Wants to employ Mr. Arrington as "counsel" in a "fugitive slave " case with a fee of $1000
Rel. to Mr. Arrington's bill for service in the Chicago "Fugitive slave rescue" case
Reporting the arrival of the schooner Clotilde with African slaves on board
Ask about the bill of Mr. Arrington for legal services in the fugitive slave case in Chicago
Rel. to the fugutive slave law and revenue laws. Conflict of State and U.S. authorities
Desires to know what compensation he is entitled to for custody of the captured African of the Brig "Echo."
With regards to the rescue of a runaway slave
Rel. to the violation of the fugitive slave law
Writ of habeus corpus issued for the seizure of negroes imported into Alabama
Rel. to one James Smith engaged in the "slave trade"
As to resistance to the execution of the slave law in southern Ohio, in the case of Add White
Rel. to slave rescue case. Wishes sanction Atty. General
Relative to the schooner Machet P. Brown captured on the West Coast of Africa
States that an unusual number of criminal prosecutions, including several fugitive slave rescue cases are to be tried at the July term Dist. Court
Rel. to recent importation of negroes into Alabama
Rel. to the schooner "Clotilde" and Africans introduced by her
Respecting the right of Congress to pass the slave trade laws
Reporting arrival of U.S. Steamer, "Mohawk," at Key West with the Barque, "Wildfire" with 350 Africans on board
Reporting the arrival of the U.S. Steamer, Wyandott" at Key West with Barque, "William" as a prize with 550 negroes
Sending an opinion of Judge Jonas on slave trade laws
As to recapture of runaway negroes. Rel. to case of John B. Davis
Is Captain Martin of the "Wanderer" to be demanded under the Extradition Treaty with
England
Rel. to D. H. Steward arresting and transporting Africans as marshal of Georgia
Ask an opinion regarding colored free citizens
Relative to action under the Confiscation Act of July 17, 1862
Seizure of property under the Confiscation Act of July 1862
Maryland fugitives slaves entering District of Columbia - application of Law of 1850
Complaints that his n
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