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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Corresponding author: Karl Peltzer, kpeltzer hsrc. Illicit drug use is a growing public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of drug use and the sociodemographic and health characteristics that influence it among young and adult South Africans. Data based on the South African national population-based survey in for 26 individuals Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between sociodemographic factors, health variables and any past 3-month drug use. Overall, any past 3-month drug use was 4. The proportion of past 3-month cannabis use was 4. Among the nine South African provinces, any past 3-month drug use was the highest in the Western Cape 7. In adjusted, multivariable, logistic regression analysis among both men and women, younger age, being mixed race and hazardous or harmful alcohol use were associated with any past 3-month drug use. In addition, having been a victim of violent crime and sexual risk behaviour among men and having psychological distress among women were associated with any past 3-month drug use. An increase of any past 3-month drug use from 3. Prevention and intervention activities targeting drug use, in particular in identified risk groups, need to be strengthened in South Africa. The estimated global prevalence of illicit drug use including amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, etc. In a US population-based survey conducted among individuals aged 12 years and older in , past 1-month any illicit drug use was Previous investigations in South Africa and other countries found that specific sociodemographic factors were associated with drug use, including male gender, 5 , 6 younger age, 5 specific population groups mixed race and white people , 5 , 6 lower income or not employed 5 and geolocality such as urban areas. In order to update planning on drug use programming, more recent national population-based prevalence data on illicit drug use among adolescents and adults in South Africa are needed. Therefore, the purpose of this secondary analysis was to make more recent estimates on the frequency and type of drug use among women and men 15 years and older available using a nationally representative household survey in All individuals within a household were eligible to participate. Trained and supervised field workers interview-administered a questionnaire. Informed consent was attained prior to the conduct of the interview. The detailed survey methods are described elsewhere. Any drug use in the past 3 months was coded as 1 and never as 0. All items were added together to indicate the prevalence of any illicit drug use in the past 3 months. Demographic measures included age, educational level, race African black people or other races , geolocality, province and employment status. These scores were added up, with higher total scores indicating higher psychological distress. Sexual risk behaviour was assessed with two questions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise drug use prevalence, sociodemographic factors and health variables. Associations between the outcome variable of any past 3-month drug use cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens or opiates including Whoonga , sociodemographic and health risk-independent variables were examined by calculating odds ratios. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression was utilised to assess the impact of explanatory variables for the outcome of past 3-month drug use prevalence, for women and men separately. In the article, weighted percentages are presented. All statistical analyses were performed by using Stata software version 12 Stata Corp. This analysis is based on data on individuals aged 15 years and older who participated in the survey. Response rates for the interview was More than half of the participants A large proportion of the participants Overall, the past 3-month of any drug use was 4. The proportion of the past 3-month cannabis use was 4. The prevalence of past 3-month drug by injection was 0. In adjusted, multivariable, logistic regression analysis among men, younger age, being mixed race, not living in a rural informal area, hazardous or harmful alcohol use, having been victim of a violent crime and having two or more sexual partners in the past 12 months were associated with any past 3-month drug use. In adjusted, multivariable, logistic regression analysis among women, younger age, being white people or of mixed race, not unemployed looking for job , psychological distress and hazardous or harmful alcohol use were associated with any past 3-month drug use see Table 2. In this very large national population-based study of among individuals 15 years or older found that any past 3-month drug use was 4. This seems to show that the increase in any drug use is mainly attributed to an increase in cannabis use and a decrease in poly drug use two or more drugs from 0. The increase in the prevalence of cannabis use may be attributed to lower costs and better accessibility than the other drugs. One review 18 indicates a global increase in substance use, including illicit drug use, in particular among young people, emphasising the importance of interventions. The use of Whoonga does not seem to be insignificant. In a qualitative study:. The use of amphetamine-type stimulants including tik and others had been as high as 2. As found in previous studies, 5 , 6 , 7 , 22 including in South Africa, the prevalence of drug use was significantly higher among men than women. Further, in agreement with some previous studies, 5 , 6 this study found that younger age and being from the mixed race population group were associated with drug use. Unemployment was among men in bivariate analysis associated with drug use, as found in some previous studies. In agreement with previous reviews, 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 this study found that hazardous or harmful or probable dependent alcohol use among both men and women, having had more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months among men, having been victim of violent crime among men and psychological distress anxiety and depression among women were associated with drug use. Drug use prevention and intervention have to include co-morbidity factors such as common mental disorders, alcohol use disorders and sexual risk behaviour. This study was cross-sectional and no causative conclusions between independent variables and drug use can be drawn. The data on drug use were collected by self-report and may underreport the true consumption rate. Possible reasons for this may be that alcohol and tobacco use were not assessed as part of the ASSIST and an additional item Whoonga use had been added. An increase of any illicit drug use prevalence rates was observed from to in South Africa. Prevention and intervention activities targeting illicit drug use, in particular in identified risk groups, need to be strengthened in South Africa. The work used data from the Human Sciences Research Council. Version 1. The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships which may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article. All authors read and approved the final article. Drug use among youth and adults in a population-based survey in South Africa. S Afr J Psychiat. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. S Afr J Psychiatr. Find articles by Karl Peltzer. Find articles by Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya. Received Jun 5; Accepted Sep 12; Collection date Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

Nyaope, the street drug that’s the scourge of South Africa’s townships

Boksburg buying Heroin

Cheap and highly addictive, it is said to include marijuana, low-grade heroin and other additives like rat poison and antiretrovirals, which are used to treat HIV. The details of nyaope are local, but the story has become universal. Nasty, low-cost cocktail drugs are a growing problem in many parts of the world. In South Africa, nyaope is popular among lower income groups in the townships surrounding Johannesburg and Pretoria, areas already facing high unemployment and poverty. The drug has drawn national attention here in South Africa. After trying nyaope in high school, Mpho quickly became addicted and fell into a cycle of stealing and selling her body to make money to buy the drug. For about three years Mpho lived with her dealers, who pimped her out to customers. In June there were people, while in August, people sought assistance. Vos said the rapid growth in nyaope use has left SANCA — a non-profit organization that receives funding from the South African government — with too few resources to address the problem. There are waiting lists for treatment programs, and shortages of medicine to help with withdrawal symptoms. Unlicensed rehabilitation centers are mushrooming in the area around Johannesburg to meet the demand from families desperate for help. The provincial minister of social development has described these illegal clinics as a threat to drug addicts, rather than a help. At some clinics investigated by the ministry, patients were confined to small rooms without access to professional care, and were even used for hard labor. Mpho, who is now 23, is about to complete six weeks of rehab at the respected Horizon Clinic in Boksburg, near Johannesburg. Like other patients there, she asked for her privacy to be protected. Sipho, 17, who is also in rehab at the Horizon Clinic, said he started smoking nyaope a year ago after a friend offered him a joint. Within months he had quit high school and felt such terrible withdrawal symptoms that he began stealing from people in the community to finance his habit. I hurt all over. When Sipho leaves the clinic, he will move in with an aunt in a different area, to get away from his old friends. This article originally appeared on GlobalPost: Nyaope, the street drug that's the scourge of South Africa's townships. IE 11 is not supported. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. Skip to Content. NBC News Logo. Search Search. Profile My News Sign Out. Sign In Create your free profile. Sections U. Follow NBC News. Latest Stories Election Politics U. By World News. World News.

Boksburg buying Heroin