Blood Hole

Blood Hole

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Whole blood may be used in transfusions to restore blood volume especially after traumatic blood loss. It is often subjected to centrifugation to separate blood components for use in transfusion or for specimen testing.
“Whole blood.” Merriam-Webster.com Medical Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/whole%20blood. Accessed 14 Oct. 2022.
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The official YouTube page for Royal Blood

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Brighton duo Royal Blood comprising drummer Ben Thatcher and bassist/vocalist Mike Kerr formed at the beginning of 2013. They quickly made their presence known, with pounding drums and heavily distorted bass guitar defining characteristics of their ferocious blues-rock sound. The band gained many plaudits early in their career, touring with the likes of Arctic Monkeys and Foo Fighters, before going on to win Best British Group at the Brits in 2015 receiving their trophy from their musical hero and admirer Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page.

Their catalogue boasts the Mercury Prize nominated self-titled debut album released in 2014 that spawned hits such as "Out of the Black, "Little Monster:, "Come On Over" and "Figure it Out", as well as their second successive UK number one album "How Did We Get So Dark?" released in 2017 which featured "Lights Out" and "I Only Lie When I Love You".

Royal Blood - Royal Blood [Full Album]
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

^ Jump up to: a b c Hillyer, Christopher D. (2007). Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles & Practice . Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 190. ISBN 978-0443069819 . Archived from the original on 2017-01-12.

^ Jump up to: a b c d Connell, NT (December 2016). "Transfusion Medicine". Primary Care . 43 (4): 651–659. doi : 10.1016/j.pop.2016.07.004 . PMID 27866583 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Plumer, Ada Lawrence (2007). Plumer's Principles and Practice of Intravenous Therapy . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 422. ISBN 9780781759441 . Archived from the original on 2017-01-12.

^ Herndon, David N. (2012). Total Burn Care: Expert Consult - Online and Print . Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 194. ISBN 9781455737970 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Bahr, MP; Yazer, MH; Triulzi, DJ; Collins, RA (December 2016). "Whole blood for the acutely haemorrhaging civilian trauma patient: a novel idea or rediscovery?". Transfusion Medicine (Oxford, England) . 26 (6): 406–414. doi : 10.1111/tme.12329 . PMID 27357229 . S2CID 24552025 .

^ Linton, Adrianne Dill (2015). Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing . Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 287. ISBN 9781455776412 . Archived from the original on 2017-09-14.

^ Marini, John J.; Wheeler, Arthur P. (2012). Critical Care Medicine: The Essentials (4 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 267. ISBN 9781451152845 . Archived from the original on 2017-01-11.

^ Rudmann, Sally V. (2005). Textbook of Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine . Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 205. ISBN 072160384X . Archived from the original on 2017-01-12.

^ Hemmings, Hugh C.; Egan, Talmage D. (2012). Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia: Foundations and Clinical Application . Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 628. ISBN 978-1455737932 . Archived from the original on 2017-01-11.

^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 . Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl : 10665/325771 . WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) . Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl : 10665/345533 . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.

^ Blood policy & technology . DIANE Publishing. 1985. p. 8. ISBN 9781428923331 . Archived from the original on 2017-01-12.

^ Jump up to: a b Flint, AWJ; McQuilten, ZK; Wood, EM (April 2018). "Massive transfusions for critical bleeding: is everything old new again?". Transfusion Medicine (Oxford, England) . 28 (2): 140–149. doi : 10.1111/tme.12524 . PMID 29607593 . S2CID 4561424 .

^ Jump up to: a b Pivalizza, Evan G.; Stephens, Christopher T.; Sridhar, Srikanth; Gumbert, Sam D.; Rossmann, Susan; Bertholf, Marsha F.; Bai, Yu; Cotton, Bryan A. (2018). "Whole Blood for Resuscitation in Adult Civilian Trauma in 2017: A Narrative Review" . Anesthesia & Analgesia . 127 (1): 157–162. doi : 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003427 . ISSN 0003-2999 . PMID 29771715 . S2CID 21697290 .

^ "Blood safety and availability" . www.who.int . Retrieved 2019-06-22 .

^ "Blood Far Forward" . THOR . Retrieved 2019-06-22 .

^ Goforth, C. W.; Tranberg, J. W.; Boyer, P.; Silvestri, P. J. (2016-06-01). "Fresh Whole Blood Transfusion: Military and Civilian Implications". Critical Care Nurse . 36 (3): 50–57. doi : 10.4037/ccn2016780 . ISSN 0279-5442 . PMID 27252101 .

^ Christopher D. Hillyer; Beth H. Shaz; James C. Zimring; Thomas C. Abshire (17 June 2009). Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects . Elsevier. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-0-12-374432-6 . Archived from the original on 23 September 2017 . Retrieved 16 November 2010 .

Whole blood ( WB ) is human blood from a standard blood donation . [1] It is used in the treatment of massive bleeding , in exchange transfusion , and when people donate blood to themselves . [2] [1] One unit of whole blood (~517 mls) brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L. [3] [4] Cross matching is typically done before the blood is given. [2] [5] It is given by injection into a vein . [6]

Side effects include red blood cell breakdown , high blood potassium , infection , volume overload , lung injury , and allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis . [2] [3] Whole blood is made up of red blood cells , white blood cells , platelets , and blood plasma . [3] It is best within a day of collection; however, can be used for up to three weeks. [5] [3] [7] The blood is typically combined with an anticoagulant and preservative during the collection process. [8]

The first transfusion of whole blood was in 1818; however, common use did not begin until the First and Second World Wars . [5] [9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines . [10] [11] In the 1980s the cost of whole blood was about US$50 per unit in the United States. [12] Whole blood is not commonly used outside of the developing world and military . [2] It is used to make a number of blood products including packed red blood cells , platelet concentrate , cryoprecipitate , and fresh frozen plasma . [1]

Whole blood has similar risks to a transfusion of red blood cells and must be cross-matched to avoid hemolytic transfusion reactions . Most of the reasons for use are the same as those for RBCs, and whole blood is not frequently used in high income countries where packed red blood cells are readily available. [13] [14] However, use of whole blood is much more common in low and middle income countries. Over 40% of blood collected in low-income countries is administered as whole blood, and approximately a third of all blood collected in middle-income countries is administered as whole blood. [15]

Whole blood is sometimes "recreated" from stored red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for neonatal transfusions. This is done to provide a final product with a very specific hematocrit (percentage of red cells) with type O red cells and type AB plasma to minimize the chance of complications. [ citation needed ]

Transfusion of whole blood is being used in the military setting and is being studied in pre-hospital trauma care and in the setting of massive transfusion in the civilian setting. [13] [16] [17] [14]

Historically, blood was transfused as whole blood without further processing. Most blood banks now split the whole blood into two or more components, [18] typically red blood cells and a plasma component such as fresh frozen plasma . Platelets for transfusion can also be prepared from a unit of whole blood. Some blood banks have replaced this with platelets collected by plateletpheresis because whole blood platelets, sometimes called "random donor" platelets, must be pooled from multiple donors to get enough for an adult therapeutic dose. [ citation needed ]

The collected blood is generally separated into components by one of three methods. A centrifuge can be used in a "hard spin" which separates whole blood into plasma and red cells or a "soft spin" which separates it into plasma, buffy coat (used to make platelets), and red blood cells. The third method is sedimentation: the blood simply sits overnight and the red cells and plasma are separated by gravitational interactions. [ citation needed ]

Whole blood is typically stored under the same conditions as red blood cells and can be kept up to 35 days if collected with CPDA-1 storage solution or 21 days with other common storage solutions such as CPD. [ citation needed ]

If the blood is used to make platelets, it is kept at room temperature until the process is complete. This must be done quickly to minimize the warm storage of RBCs in the unit. [ citation needed ]

Yeah, we tried to pray for you, son Oh, we'd hate to see you fall from grace [Verse 3] Yeah, it could go, it could go my way Yeah, it could go, it could go my way Yeah, it could go, it could go my way Yeah, it could go, it could go my way Yeah, it could go, it could go my way Yeah, it could go, it could go my way I'm just stuck in a hole I'm just stuck in a hole
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Found on the Out Of The Black EP as the fourth track, as well as on the Japanese edition of the Royal Blood album as the first extra track.

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