Blackmail Online

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Many people use webcams for flirting and cybersex - but sometimes people you meet online aren't who they say they are.
Sextortion - what it is, how to protect yourself and what to do if you're a victim
Many people use webcams for flirting and cybersex - but sometimes people you meet online aren't who they say they are.
Criminals might befriend victims online by using a fake identity and then persuade them to perform sexual acts in front of their webcam, often by using an attractive woman to entice the victim to participate. These women may have been coerced into these actions using financial incentives or threats.
These webcam videos are recorded by the criminals who then threaten to share the images with the victims’ friends and family. This can make the victims feel extremely ashamed and embarrassed and, tragically, here in the UK at least four young men have taken their own lives after being targeted in this way.
Both men and women can be victims of this crime, either by being blackmailed or by being coerced into carrying out sexual acts.
The best way to stop yourself from becoming a victim is to be very careful about who you befriend with online, especially if you’re considering sharing anything intimate with them.
Don’t Panic: The first big step is to recognise you are the ‘victim’ in this and that you may require support to help you through what has happened.
Don’t pay: The choice to pay is yours but experience shows where victims have paid then there is no guarantee that offenders will not still post the recording and are in fact more likely to come back with further demands.
Don’t keep communicating: By replying to these threats it indicates to the criminals that you are someone who may be persuaded to pay their ransom.
Do consider getting support: You can contact your local Police force (101) to report what has happened to you. This is particularly important if you are struggling to cope with the issue. If you are under 18 consider speaking to a trusted adult and additional support is also available via Child Exploitation Online Protection. (CEOP)
We have evidence that organised crime groups – mostly based overseas - are behind this crime. For them it's a low risk way to make money and they can reach many victims easily online. Victims are often worried about reporting these offences to the police because they are embarrassed.
If this has happened to you and you're under 18 please talk to an adult that you trust. It may feel like there is no way out, but there are professionals who can help you . You can also get help from:
A man has been given a suspended sentence after buying horrific sexual abuse footage of girls blackmailed by one of the worst online sexual predators the National Crime Agency has ever investigated.
A former First Minister of the British overseas territory of Montserrat has been jailed for 15 years, after he was convicted of sexually exploiting five girls including two 13 year olds.
A man from Essex has been jailed for six years for abusing 11 children in Myanmar after he travelled to the country for a guided cycling tour in 2016.
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Brinton Resto on February 10, 2021
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Dealing with internet blackmail can be stressful, embarrassing, and scary. If you are wondering how to deal with blackmail you have multiple legal options on your side. Blackmail is against the law – no matter where you live. While you may be hesitant to reach out for help, it is important to contact the authorities and seek the advice of a legal professional.
Here are actionable steps you should take if you are dealing with blackmail:
At Minc Law, we help victims of blackmail, extortion, and revenge porn prevent and respond to online threats. From investigating anonymous perpetrators to removing unwanted and negative online content, we are here to help.
In this comprehensive guide to online extortion, we will answer the most common questions about blackmail. We will provide a state-by-state breakdown of relevant blackmail statutes and provide actionable tips for preventing and dealing with blackmail.
Most people understand blackmail as someone threatening to do or reveal something negative unless you give them money. While that definition is fairly accurate, the legal definition of blackmail is slightly more complex.
As a criminal offense, blackmail is the crime of threatening to reveal damaging information about a person unless payment or some other benefit is received. In some cases, the perpetrator seeks favors other than money, such as sexual favors or other benefits to gain power over their victim.
Blackmail occurs when someone threatens to reveal humiliating or harmful information unless they are compensated in some way. It is important to note that the crime occurs when the threat is made – no money or property has to change hands. If someone blackmails you, they are breaking the law whether or not you comply with their demands.
While state laws vary, 18 U.S.C. § 873 makes blackmail a federal offense punishable by fine or up to one year of imprisonment. The federal statute defines the crime of blackmail as: “Whoever, under a threat of informing, or as a consideration for not informing, against any violation of any law of the United States, demands or receives any money or other valuable thing, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.”
If you think the wording of the federal statute is a little dense and unclear, you are not alone. In the next section, I will break down each element into simpler terms.
Blackmail is a crime , although states refer to the crime under differing names.
For example, New York refers to blackmail as larceny (theft) by Extortion. New York’s Larceny by Extortion statute makes it a crime to “compel or induce another person to deliver property” to the extortionist or a third party, by instilling fear in the victim that they will:
As you can see, the New York statute goes to great lengths to outline the various threats commonly made by blackmailers.
In Ohio, blackmail is criminalized as extortion under Section 2905.11 of the Ohio Revised Code. The Ohio statute is a little simpler than New York’s, stating that “no person, with the purpose to obtain any valuable thing…benefit…or to induce another to do an unlawful act, shall:
Wyoming recognizes the crimes of blackmail, but also recognizes aggravated blackmail as a greater offense, punishable by a minimum of 5 years in prison, although the maximum sentence can be as much as 25 years in prison. In Wyoming, aggravated blackmail occurs if a perpetrator causes bodily injury to another person in the course of committing blackmail. Wyoming’s underlying blackmail statute is relatively short and simple:
“A person commits blackmail if, with the intent to obtain property of another or to compel action or inaction by any person against his will if the person: (1) Threatens bodily injury or property damage; or (2) Accuses or threatens to accuse a person of a crime or immoral conduct which would disgrace the person.”
On the federal level, the Hobbs Act regulates extortion and robbery. To trigger the Hobbs Act, the extortion must affect interstate or foreign commerce. This might include threats issued by email or another form of communication across state lines. To prove a violation of the Hobbs Act:
For more information on each states’ blackmail and extortion statutes, here is a list of relevant statutes.
More often than not, the terms, “blackmail” and “extortion” are used interchangeably. In some states, blackmail is a subcategory of extortion. Extortion comes from the Latin word, “ extortionem ” which means “twisting out.”
In most states, extortion is the crime of coercing someone to pay or perform a specific act through threats of physical harm or injury. An extortioner might also threaten to accuse or reveal information about the victim that is morally reprehensible or would hurt the victim’s reputation. As a subcategory of extortion, blackmail occurs when the threat involves revealing damaging private information.
Both extortion and blackmail involve threatening a victim to get something of value. Often, both crimes are classified as theft (also referred to as “larceny”). Some states have combined all of the terms under a single, consolidated crime of theft. As you can see by the list of relevant state statutes above, the crime of blackmail goes by a variety of different names – but it is almost always considered a form of theft.
Blackmail always involves threatening to expose something harmful with the goal of getting something in return. If someone threatens to expose something negative or humiliating about you in exchange for money or another form of favor – they are blackmailing you.
Here are a few common examples of blackmail:
A prominent case that involved the federal Hobbs Act was Sekhar v. United States, 133 S. Ct. 2720 (2013). The defendant, Giridhar Sekhar, was a managing partner at FA Technology. The New York Comptroller, who was responsible for New York’s state and local government pension fund, was considering investing in FA Technology. If the Comptroller invested in the company, FA Technology stood to gain around $7.6 million in fees.
While researching the fund, the Comptroller’s General Counsel was advised by the New York Attorney General that an FA Technology agent was under investigation, so it was not wise to invest in the company. As a result, the Comptroller decided not to invest in the fund.
A few days later, the Comptroller’s General Counsel received an email threatening to reveal his extramarital affair if he did not reverse his decision and invest in FA Technology. After several more threatening emails, the FBI was able to trace the source of the emails to FA Technology’s managing partner, Sekhar. Sekhar was charged with extortion under the Hobbs Act and six counts of interstate transmission of extortionate threats.
Revenge porn is a form of blackmail where a perpetrator threatens to publish sexually explicit content (often on revenge porn websites ) unless you provide them with money or other favors. The perpetrators may be former romantic partners who were provided the explicit materials with your consent at a time when you were dating.
According to a 2013 survey by the Cyber Rights Initiative, 90% of the victims of revenge porn are women and 57% of those women were threatened by an ex-boyfriend. Sometimes, explicit materials are obtained through hacking and victims have a more difficult time determining the true identity of their perpetrator.
Occasionally, perpetrators are strangers who lure their victims into providing explicit content online. This type of revenge porn is also referred to as sextortion.
Sextortion is the most common form of blackmail we see in our practice. It is also referred to as webcam blackmail, internet blackmail, cyber harassment, and online extortion . Many states have enacted revenge porn and sextortion-specific statutes, recognizing that this type of crime is occurring more and more often.
While sextortion statutes differ, it is typically defined as a perpetrator threatening to publish explicit content (texts, pictures, videos) unless you comply with their demands. Sadly, there are some sophisticated sextortionists and sextortion rings that defraud multiple victims.
Perpetrators might create a fake persona (catfishing) and persuade their victim to share nude photos or perform sexual acts on a webcam. Once they obtain the explicit material, they start threatening to expose the content unless they are paid, or more sexual acts are performed. They may even start sending explicit content to friends and family over social media to heighten the victim’s fear.
Perpetrators often target individuals who they perceive as having the ability to pay as well as those who have a reputation to uphold. In 2019 alone, there were 43,101 known victims of extortion who lost a combined $107.5 million to sextortionists.
Because perpetrators often target those with a reputation to uphold and an ability to pay, celebrities are frequent victims of extortion. Here are just a few examples of the rich and famous facing blackmail:
In 2003, a photographer threatened to sell topless photos and videos of actress Cameron Diaz. The photos were taken when Diaz was 21, years before she came to fame as an actress. Diaz argued that the photographer tried to coerce her into paying him, by threatening to publish the secret explicit content. The photographer was ultimately convicted of attempted grand theft, forgery, and perjury.
In 2009, a former CBS News producer threatened to reveal late-night television host David Letterman’s sexual affairs unless he was paid $2 million in “hush money.” While Letterman gave in to the extortionist’s demands, paying the $2 million, he contacted the District New York Attorney who filed charges. The perpetrator pleaded guilty to attempted second-degree grand larceny and served six months in jail.
A recent example involved Amazon founder and CEO, Jeff Bezos. In 2019, Bezos accused the National Enquirer and its parent company of extortion in a post on the publishing platform, Medium.
Specifically, Bezos alleged that the Enquirer obtained text messages revealing Bezos’ relationship with TV anchor Lauren Sanchez. He claimed that when he started looking into how the tabloid obtained those messages, the Enquirer threatened to publish intimate photos of him unless he stopped his investigation.
If you are confronted by a blackmailer, you have legal rights and options. Fortunately, there are a variety of things you can do to stop blackmail, although your strategy might differ based on your exact circumstances.
Below, we explain several tactics you can use to deal with a blackmailer or extortionist.
Whether you are dealing with blackmail, sextortion, or revenge porn it is important to remain as calm as possible. Extortion is inherently stressful by design because the perpetrator is purposely trying to “rattle” you. The more you panic, the greater control the extortionist will have over the situation.
At all times, remember that you are the victim of a crime, and you have legal options on your side. In the next few sections, we will explain actionable tips for combatting blackmail.
The more you engage with a blackmailer, the more influence and control they will gain over the situation. In fact, blackmailers may take your responses as an indication that you are an easy victim who will cave to their demands. Once they know this, they may make increasingly aggressive demands.
You do not want to negotiate or pay the extortionist for the same reasons you do not want to engage with them.
Negotiating or giving in to their demands only gives them more power – and they are likely to use this power to make even more threats.
Before you block a blackmailer, make sure you screenshot all communications and any relevant evidence. This might include taking a screenshot of their social media profile picture, as well as any offensive material they sent you.
Using your phone’s screenshot feature or your computer’s snipping tool (Ctrl + PrtScr) you can preserve relevant evidence for free. If you are looking for a more advanced tool for preserving evidence, Visualping and Page Vault are effective alternatives.
While some of the evidence might seem embarrassing, it could be tangible evidence that will help your cause. By deleting valuable evidence, it will be much harder (if not impossible) for law enforcement or an attorney to help you.
Some extortionists will try to claim that you have tampered with evidence once law enforcement is involved.
The best way to overcome this claim is by having another trusted source (like a friend or family member) preserve evidence as well. This is a useful “back-up” measure that will further strengthen your case and possi
https://nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/what-we-do/crime-threats/kidnap-and-extortion/sextortion-webcam-blackmail
https://www.minclaw.com/5-tips-combat-online-extortion-sextortion-blackmail/
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