Black Hole Star

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October 15, 2020 / 7:42 AM / CBS News
Astronomers have witnessed an extremely rare occurrence: the end of a star's life, as it's obliterated by a supermassive black hole. And this particular star's collapse was even more unique, because it experienced death by "spaghettification" — and no, that's not science fiction. 
According to a new study in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, astronomers at the Zwicky Transient Facility spotted a blast of light, known as a tidal disruption event, that indicated the star's death in September 2019. Researchers said this week that it was the closest such a phenomenon has ever occurred to Earth, taking place just over 215 million light years away. 
"The idea of a black hole 'sucking in' a nearby star sounds like science fiction. But this is exactly what happens in a tidal disruption event," said lead author Matt Nicholl, from the University of Birmingham in the U.K.
Using telescopes from the European Southern Observatory (ESO), scientists were able to investigate in unprecedented detail just what happens when a star is devoured by a "monster" black hole. They said that the star had approximately the same mass as the sun, about half of which was lost to the black hole, which is over a million times bigger. The other half was simultaneously ejected outward into space. 
During this violent spaghettification process, long, thin strands of material that make up the star collapse into the intense gravity of a black hole — which basically swallows it up like stellar spaghetti. The event releases a bright burst of energy that can be detected by astronomers.
"When an unlucky star wanders too close to a supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy, the extreme gravitational pull of the black hole shreds the star into thin streams of material," said co-author Thomas Wevers, an ESO Fellow in Santiago, Chile. 
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In the past, these flares have often been obscured by exploding dust and debris, making them difficult to study. But this time, astronomers lucked out. 
This tidal disruption event, named AT2019qiz, was found just after the event occurred, making it much easier to observe. Researchers studied AT2019qiz, located in a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Eridanus, for six months as the flare grew brighter and brighter before fading away. 
"Because we caught it early, we could actually see the curtain of dust and debris being drawn up as the black hole launched a powerful outflow of material with velocities up to 10 000 km/s," said Kate Alexander, a NASA Einstein Fellow at Northwestern University. 
"This unique 'peek behind the curtain' provided the first opportunity to pinpoint the origin of the obscuring material and follow in real-time how it engulfs the black hole."
Astronomers said that their observations showed, for the first time, the direct connection between the dust and debris emitted from the star and the bright flare that occurs as it is devoured by the black hole. They hope that AT2019qiz can serve as a "Rosetta Stone," helping them interpret future tidal disruption events and deepen our understanding of the mysterious world of black holes. 
First published on October 14, 2020 / 3:33 PM
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Sophie Lewis is a social media producer and trending writer for CBS News, focusing on space and climate change.
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Telescopes have captured the rare light flash from a dying star as it was ripped apart by a supermassive black hole. 
This rarely seen "tidal disruption event" — which creates spaghettification in stars as they stretch and stretch – is the closest such known event to happen, at only 215 million light-years from Earth. (For comparison, the nearest star system to Earth – Alpha Centauri — is roughly 4 light-years away, and the Milky Way is roughly 200,000 light years in diameter.) One light-year is the distance light travels in a year, about 6 trillion miles (10 trillion kilometers). 
"The idea of a black hole 'sucking in' a nearby star sounds like science fiction. But this is exactly what happens in a tidal disruption event," the new study's lead author Matt Nicholl, a lecturer and Royal Astronomical Society research fellow at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, said in a European Southern Observatory statement. Researchers caught the event in action using numerous telescopes, including ESO's Very Large Telescope and New Technology Telescope.
"When an unlucky star wanders too close to a supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy, the extreme gravitational pull of the black hole shreds the star into thin streams of material," co-author Thomas Wevers said in the same statement. Wevers is an ESO Fellow in Santiago, Chile and was at the Institute of Astronomy at the United Kingdom's University of Cambridge when he did the work. 
It has been difficult to see these events in the past because the black hole eating up the star has a tendency to shoot out material from the dying star, such as dust, that obscures the view, ESO officials said. Luckily, the newly studied event was studied shortly after the star ripped to shreds.
Researchers studied the event, known as AT 2019qiz, over six months as the flare became bright and then faded away. Observations took place in ultraviolet, optical, X-ray and radio wavelengths. Looking at the event in this comprehensive way showed how the material leaves the star and the flare the star sends as its dying gasp, researchers said.
The team also estimated the size of the doomed star at about the same mass as our own sun. It didn't have a chance against the black hole, which has a mass of more than 1 million times that of the sun.
AT 2019qiz also acts as a bellwether for learning about how matter behaves in the extreme environment around supermassive black holes, the team said. A study based on the research was published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Follow Elizabeth Howell on Twitter @howellspace. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook. 
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What kind of data was collected? Were there any images actually collected, or do we, the uneducated but still-able-to-read public have to settle for animation?
No experiment have been or data have made to know if this star is destroyed when technology is made to send a camera through a black hole they will see space open up to other galaxies space is infinity
So I guess the Flying Spaghetti Monster is real after all. Huh.
As a journalist, I always show the object that I'm writing about, when possible. here - the story is about what telescopes captured, yet there is no photo..
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