Black Hole Hurricane Ms

Black Hole Hurricane Ms
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10:54pm, Sep 2, 2020
Updated: 11:06pm, Sep 2

At least one of the colliding black holes was in the ‘forbidden range’ and should not exist. Photo: Mark Myers/OzGrav

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When the universe was half the age it is now – around 7 billion years ago – two massive black holes crashed together.
This collision created a monster black hole almost 150 times the mass of our Sun.
The ripples it caused in the fabric of space-time reached Earth in May last year.
GW190521, as the colossal event has been named, is the most massive black hole collision we’ve ever directly detected.
And it’s very different from previous black hole collisions picked up by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors since 2015.
“This detection was really special because we got a few firsts that we hadn’t known about before,” said ANU’s Susan Scott, chief investigator of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav).
Instead of the tell-tale “chirp” of two black holes spiralling in towards each other, the sensitive instruments captured just a blip in the moment before the holes collided.
The newly formed black hole is almost twice the mass of previous discoveries, putting it into the intermediate-mass range.
Black holes of this type fall in between smaller black holes (created by the collapse of stars) and the supermassive black holes that lurk at the centre of galaxies.
But astronomers have never actually spotted an intermediate-mass black hole before.
“This is the first ever observation by anyone of such a black hole, and it’s not just an observation: we actually saw how this one formed,” Professor Scott said.
The event is also special because at least one of the original black holes shouldn’t have existed at all, said Isobel Romero-Shaw, a PhD candidate at Monash University who was also involved in the discovery.
“At least one of the black holes was a lot more massive than we thought was possible from the way we think that stars evolve and die,” Ms Romero-Shaw said.
When stars between five and 65 times the mass of our Sun explode, they collapse to form black holes.
While one of the original black holes was around 66 times the mass of the Sun, the other was around 85, according to calculations published on Wednesday in two papers, in Physical Review Letters and Astrophysical Journal Letters .
The smaller black hole is right on the edge of the plausible range of an object created by the collapse of a star.
But the larger of the two original black holes is squarely in what astrophysicists call “the forbidden range”.
“This is our first example of a black hole in that forbidden range,” Professor Scott said.
According to current theories of star evolution, large stars between 65 and 135 times the mass of the Sun become unstable and blow up into smithereens leaving nothing behind.
“We call this the expected upper-mass black hole gap because we don’t expect black holes to form from stellar collapse in that range,” Professor Scott said.
The leading hypothesis is that black holes that fall in this range may be created by a series of smaller black hole mergers, in just the same way as the new, hefty intermediate-mass black hole was created, Ms Romero-Shaw said.
“They merge again and again and again until you get something that’s somewhere in between the masses of the Sun and the supermassive black hole that’s in the centre of the galaxy.”
Another “more exotic” hypothesis is that they formed from primordial black holes from the early universe.
Back then there was a lot of dense material clumping together so it might have been possible for a black hole to form without having been a star in the first place.
“The environment in the early universe is very different to what we’re used to,” Ms Romero-Shaw said.
But, she added, this hypothesis would be much harder to prove.
The new discovery also raises questions about how these two black holes found each other in the first place.
“One of the options you have for creating binary black holes, that then go on to merge, is you have two stars that are born together, evolve together and die together and then merge as black holes later on,” Ms Romero-Shaw said.
But this is an unlikely explanation in this case, she explained, because the original masses of these two black holes do not match anything we know about the evolutionary path of stars.
So could these black holes have just met up in space?
“What it could mean is that these black holes are actually evolving on their own, and then meeting up later on in some really dense region of space like a galactic centre or a globular cluster [of stars].”
After the gravitational wave detectors picked up the signal from the collision, scientists using Caltech’s Zwicky Transient Facility spotted a light flare in a surrounding patch of sky.
It is unclear whether or not the two events were related.
“We’ve never had any other signal from two black holes colliding [other than gravitational waves] so it would have to be a very special situation in which you’d get a light signal from black holes,” Professor Scott said.
But, she said, there was a possibility that energy from the collision could have kicked the new black hole through the gas ring surrounding a nearby supermassive black hole, causing it to light up.
“It’s not likely it came from our collision but it’s still an interesting possibility and it does look ahead to what we can do in the future,” she said.
Each new gravitational wave discovery is exciting, Ms Romero-Shaw said.
“Every time we detect a gravitational wave it shows us something we couldn’t possibly have seen with normal telescopes.”
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John Connor
In the ‘80s, John created the first regular column about the burgeoning London stand-up scene. In 1990 he wrote a book about its effect on the Edinburgh Festival: “Comics: A Decade of Comedy at the Assembly Rooms.” That year he also devised and ran a live topical stand-up team show at The London Comedy Store, The Edge. (It was destroyed in 2020!) In 2009 John was diagnosed with RRMS, which cut short his main job as a TV casting director for “Black Books,” “My Family,” et al. Now, John writes "Fall Down Get Up Again," an irreverent journey with MS, and also serves as MS News Today Forums co-moderator.

October 13, 2022
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Isn’t it just like me to start my column with a physics analogy that is already confusing? Please stick with me, as all will be revealed.
My point is that if a black hole is big enough , you might slip through its event horizon without even noticing. There would be no way out.
However, if you were in a spacecraft, you could live out your life before facing inevitable “ spaghettification .” Not only that, with time effectively stopped, you might even get the chance to watch all the galaxies disappear! Eventually, gravity would pull your body apart into nobody knows what.
Such is the nature of secondary progressive MS, or SPMS . It’s like you’re on the way there, grasping at every solution you can until you gently slip across the event horizon. Once in the black hole of SPMS, nothing can save you.
Because of COVID-19, I haven’t seen my neurologist for over a year and a half. I actually sent him one of my recent columns , which he said was very useful, especially in lieu of a physical meeting.
He phoned a few weeks ago. I had no idea it was actually an arranged consultation. Having just been released from the hospital, I was completely discombobulated. I scrambled for the first few minutes, probably saying something completely inappropriate, like it was nice to hear his voice again. Hopefully, it wasn’t that bad, but it was definitely on the cringe scale.
He confirmed that I now have secondary progressive MS. I say confirmed, because I’d already suggested I had it in the column I sent him. Still, it’s nice to have a second opinion.
All he could offer me were versions of chemotherapy. Having previously been scythed down by Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) , I gracefully declined. When I took Lemtrada, it immediately affected my right arm overnight and made walking far more difficult. It sapped my strength.
Undoubtedly, I would have arrived at this point anyway. But maybe I would have had a few more months, or even a year or two, of wheelchair tennis .
Quality of life is my preference, rather than scrambling against the odds like an addicted gambler declaiming, ‘This time, it will be different.”
A Phase 2 clinical trial called ChariotMS is about to start here in the U.K., for those with advanced progressive MS . My neurologist is recommending me to do it. So, I guess I’m now officially in that category of MS.
The trial is testing a drug called Mavenclad (cladribine) . According to the MS Society, Mavenclad kills T- and B-cells, which for everyone else are an important part of the immune system. For us MS lot, they’re what attack the myelin sheaths around the nerves in our brain and spinal cord.
Mavenclad has side effects that include making you more prone to the herpes virus. Shingles also can be a problem. Patients using it even get vaccinated against chicken pox.
I’m old enough to remember chicken pox parties, in which adults took their children to intentionally get chicken pox, because it was far worse to catch later in life. My mother, who today would be described as an anti-vaxxer, thought this was mad.
I think I caught it anyway, and I missed out on the party.
Even if I’m lucky enough to get into this new trial, there’s a 50% chance I’ll receive a placebo. If that’s the case, at least chicken pox won’t be a concern.
Note: Multiple Sclerosis News Today is strictly a news and information website about the disease. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The opinions expressed in this column are not those of Multiple Sclerosis News Today or its parent company, BioNews, and are intended to spark discussion about issues pertaining to multiple sclerosis.
Mavenclad has been around a few years. I was offered it after a relapse in 2018. I am SPMS. I chose Ocrevus instead. I only did Ocrevus for 4 doses. I did find my walking ability deteriorated after the 3rd and 4th doses. My MRI showed no new lesions. Stopped Ocrevus as I didn't want to lose any more mobility. Quality over quantity. If my MS is active again I would choose Mavenclad
Unfortunately, living in the UK, I don't seem to have the choice of Mavenclad unless I get on a study. I reckon my chance is more than slight!
Is cladribine not available otherwise? If you can get it, you may prefer that, knowing what you are on and making up your own mind.
Not at present under the UK NHS it seems.
I had a similar experience with Ocrevus. Others may see benefits, but for me it was just side-effects. I have been better without it.
I really liked it till it threatened me with imminent death...
Hey John, sorry to hear that spms diagnosis. It's a big mental hurdle.
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This site is strictly a news and information website about the disease. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

by Chris Gebhardt
November 30, 2020

written by Chris Gebhardt
November 30, 2020

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It’s a constant of the universe. Dark matter – a key ingredient for the formation and evolution of galaxies is present in whatever galaxy is observed.
That is until NGC 1052-DF2 was discovered – a galaxy missing most of its dark matter. A year later, galaxy NGC 1052-DF4 was discovered 45 million light years from Earth… and it too was missing most of its dark matter.
Dark matter accounts for approximately 85% of the matter of the universe and 25% of its overall mass-energy density. As it does not interact in an observable way with electromagnetic fields and does not appear to interact in any way with electromagnetic radiation, it cannot be easily detected. Thus its name: “dark” matter.
Other indirect evidence for dark matter include gravitational lensing and cosmic microwave background observations, the universe’s observed structure, and mass location during galactic collisions.
As with most aspects in science lacking direct observation, alternative theories exist to explain why the galaxies form and move and interact as they do.
This composite, created from images forming part of the Digitized Sky Survey 2, shows the sky around NGC 1052-DF4. (Credits: ESA/Hubble, NASA, Digitized Sky Survey 2; Acknowledgment: Davide de Martin)
However, an investigation into how galaxy NGC 1052-DF4 came to be missing most of its dark matter has revealed strong evidence for the underlying mechanism.
According to Dr. Mireia Montes, University of New South Wales, Australia, who led the international team that made the discoveries, “We used Hubble in two ways to discover that NGC 1052-DF4 is experiencing [a galactic] interaction. This includes studying the galaxy’s light and the galaxy’s distribution of globular clusters.”
Globular clusters — spherical groups of stars outside a galaxy that orbit the parent galaxy’s core — are believed to form during periods of intense star formation in the parent galaxy. They are compact in size and highly luminous and serve as property tracers for their host galaxy.
In simpler terms, globular clusters are smaller versions of their host galaxy’s properties and therefore serve as easily observable stand-ins for what is happening inside the larger galaxy.
Hubble’s optical data was supplemented by observations made with the 10.4 meter Gran Telescoppio Canarias (GTC) and the IAC80 telescopes in the Canary Islands, Spain.
Raúl Infante-Sainz of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias in Spain added that it was “i
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