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A pair of merging black holes show extreme signs of gravity-induced orbital precession, or wobbling, as predicted by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity
Artist’s illustration of two black holes orbiting each other
A pair of black holes have been seen wobbling at a rate of three times per second as they merged, in an extreme example of a prediction made by Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity that has been seen clearly for the first time.
This wobbling, known as precession, occurs when the orbit or rotation of an object slowly changes with time – a common example is when a spinning top begins to spin at a different angle as it slows down. Gravity-induced orbital precession, a consequence of general relativity’s prediction that heavy objects bend space-time, sees the shape of such an object’s orbit change over time.
This effect had been observed very weakly in neutron stars orbiting one another, but was so subtle that the orbits only wobbled, or precessed, at a rate of a few times a year.
Now, Mark Hannam at Cardiff University, UK, and his colleagues have seen a much more extreme effect in a pair of black holes moving at a fifth of the speed of light, caused by one of them spinning at a 90-degree angle to its orbital motion. As they merged, the black holes released a gravitational wave, known as GW200129 , that carried the signature of precession at a rate of three times a second.
“It’s 10 billion times faster than what was found in earlier measurements, so it really is the most extreme regime of Einstein’s theory where space and time are warped and distorted in completely crazy ways,” says Hannam.
To identify the precession, the team reanalysed data first collected in 2020 by three gravitational wave detectors, based in the US and Italy. A previous analysis was inconclusive, but using a more advanced model of the gravitational wave signal, Hannam and his team found that the best way to explain the signal was with one of the black holes, spinning at almost the upper limit allowed by general relativity, causing the orbit of the system to precess.
“The astrophysical implications of the detection are quite significant,” says Fabio Antonini at Cardiff University, who wasn’t involved with the work. The extreme spin, and misalignment with its orbit, isn’t predicted by current ideas of black hole formation, which involve imploding stars, and needs another explanation, he says.
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We have corrected the speed of the black holes and the description of the gravitational wave analysis

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More stories to check out before you go
(CNN) - Fair warning, once you hear the sound of a black hole, you can’t unhear it and it is a little terrifying.
NASA shared a 34-second clip of the Perseus galaxy cluster, which is about 240 million light years away from Earth.
Scientists say the black hole sends out pressure waves that cause ripples in the hot gas, which can be translated into a note.
To be clear though, the actual note is one humans can’t hear. It is about 57 octaves below middle C.
NASA says they shifted the note so we could hear it by amplifying it and mixing it with other data they have about black holes.
The spooky sound will be perfect addition to your Halloween playlist.
Copyright 2022 CNN Newsource. All rights reserved.

KVVU 25 TV 5 Dr Henderson, NV 89014 (702) 435-5555
A Gray Media Group, Inc. Station - © 2002-2022 Gray Television, Inc.
More stories to check out before you go
(CNN) - Fair warning, once you hear the sound of a black hole, you can’t unhear it and it is a little terrifying.
NASA shared a 34-second clip of the Perseus galaxy cluster, which is about 240 million light years away from Earth.
Scientists say the black hole sends out pressure waves that cause ripples in the hot gas, which can be translated into a note.
To be clear though, the actual note is one humans can’t hear. It is about 57 octaves below middle C.
NASA says they shifted the note so we could hear it by amplifying it and mixing it with other data they have about black holes.
The spooky sound will be perfect addition to your Halloween playlist.
Copyright 2022 CNN Newsource. All rights reserved.

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Maps of the central ∼6″ region of NGC 7469, which includes the AGN and the circumnuclear ring of star formation. Top-left panel: in color and black contours is the JWST/F770W PSF-subtracted image (which mainly traces the 7.7 μm PAH band). Black regions (s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, and s7) correspond to selected circumnuclear zones of NGC 7469. Red and blue regions (o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, and o6) are in the outflow region. The green line represents the orientation of the nuclear molecular gas bar. The gray lines correspond to the approximate outflow region according to the [S IV]λ10.51 μm velocity map (see Appendix B). The white box represents the JWST/MRS ch1 FoV (3.2″ × 3.7″), which is practically identical to the Spitzer/IRS angular resolution. The brown star corresponds to the approximate location of the radio supernova SN 2000ft (Colina et al. 2001). Top-right panel: JWST/MRS 6.2 μm PAH band map derived using a local continuum (see text). Bottom-left panel: [Ar II]λ6.99 μm emission map. Bottom-right panel: 11.3/6.2 μm PAH ratio using local continua (see text). In black are the 6.2 μm PAH band contours. The central region corresponds to this PAH ratio in the nuclear spectrum. All the images are shown on a linear color scale. North is up and east is to the left, and offsets are measured relative to the AGN. Credit: Astronomy & Astrophysics (2022). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202244806

Citation :
James Webb Space Telescope reveals new surprises on galaxy organic molecules near black holes (2022, October 11)
retrieved 14 October 2022
from https://phys.org/news/2022-10-james-webb-space-telescope-reveals.html

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by University of Oxford

Research led by Oxford University is the first of its kind to study tiny dust molecules in the nuclear region of active galaxies using early observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The study is the first U.K.-led paper to use spectroscopic data from the JWST's Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) and addresses one of the biggest challenges in modern astrophysics: understanding how galaxies form and evolve.

Tiny dust molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most widespread organic molecules in the universe and important astronomical tools. For instance, they are considered to be fundamental building blocks of prebiotic compounds, which may have played a key role in the origin of life. PAH molecules produce extremely bright emission bands in the infrared region when they are illuminated by stars , enabling astronomers to not only trace star-formation activity, but also to use them as sensitive barometers of the local physical conditions.
This new analysis, led by Dr. Ismael García-Bernete from Oxford University's Department of Physics, used JWST's cutting-edge instruments to characterize, for the first time, the PAH properties in the nuclear region of three luminous active galaxies . The study was based on spectroscopic data from the JWST's MIRI which specifically measures light in the 5–28 micron wavelength range. The researchers then compared the observations with theoretical predictions for these molecules.
Surprisingly, the results overturned those of previous studies that had predicted that PAH molecules would be destroyed in the vicinity of the black hole at the center of an active galaxy. Instead, the analysis revealed that PAH molecules can actually survive in this region, even where very energetic photons could potentially rip them apart. A potential reason could be that the molecules are protected by large amounts of molecular gas in the nuclear region.
However, even where PAH molecules survived, the results showed that the supermassive black holes at the heart of galaxies had a significant impact on their properties. In particular, the proportion of larger and neutral molecules became greater, indicating that more fragile small and charged PAH molecules may have been destroyed. This brings severe limitations to using these PAH molecules to probe how rapidly an active galaxy makes new stars .
"This research is of great interest to the wider astronomy community, particularly those focused on the formation of planets and stars in the most distant and faint galaxies," s
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