Bio Latex
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Bio Latex
Volume 116 , March 2018 , Pages 51-56
2020, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Progress in Organic Coatings, Volume 123, 2018, pp. 153-159
Progress in Organic Coatings, Volume 112, 2017, pp. 86-92
Carbohydrate Polymers, Volume 101, 2014, pp. 401-406
Effects of bio-latex on coating microstructure and surface properties were studied.
Bio-latex may decrease surface carbon content linearly and impair binder film.
The addition of bio-latex increases surface roughness and decreases gloss slightly.
Bio-latex addition may lead to unexpected increase in coating porosity.
Core-shell structure and water-swollen nature of bio-latex may lead to the changes.
The microstructure of coating layers has important effects on final properties of paper. Eco-friendly bio-latex derived from sustainable starch has being increasingly used in paper coatings to substitute part of the petroleum-based synthetic latex as pigment binder. The influence of starch-based bio-latex on microstructure and surface properties of coatings such as surface composition, surface morphology, void fraction and water absorbency was studied in this paper. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that bio-latex addition led to a nearly linear decrease in surface carbon content for coatings dried at high temperature. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images demonstrated that bio-latex addition may cause a lack of binder film at the coating surface that binds pigment particles, which was in agreement with the XPS results. The coatings demonstrated a marginal increase in surface roughness and some decrease in gloss with the addition of bio-latex, as was expected when starch-based binder was used. Unexpectedly, the void fraction of coatings increased slightly, which was contrary to the case in conventional cooked starch. The coatings had a significant decline in water contact angle after bio-latex addition, indicating a considerable increase in water absorbency. The changes in coating microstructure may be attributed to the unique core-shell structure and water-swollen nature of starch-based bio-latex particles.
Starch and derivatives thereof have proven their usefulness in paper coating processes. Among these derivatives, cationic starch has been widely used in the paper industry as a flocculation, dispersion and ink fixing agent. In another context, nanoscale cellulosic materials have been shown to improve the strength, retention of fillers, the barrier properties of packaging paper products, and printing qualities. This review summarizes the recent studies on the general components used in paper coating, describes the conventional and alternative synthetic processes of cationic starches and nanocellulose, and deals with their current and potential applications in papermaking, focusing primarily on surface treatments. Moreover, environmental applications have been considered to expand the understanding and usefulness of these materials. Further research on modified polysaccharides is encouraged to replace, in a feasible way, petro-based components of coating formulations, and to provide paper surfaces with new properties.
Starch based bio-latex has been widely researched in the coating paper area for the purpose of partial replacement of petroleum-based binders. In this paper, a green and facile ball milling pretreatment was proposed to modify the starch granules before α-amylase hydrolysis by breaking up their crystalline structure, thus improving the accessibility and susceptibility of amylase into starch structure. It was found that the improved hydrolysis process after 8 h ball milling can generate suitable degree of polymerization of polysaccharides or oligosaccharides, which further facilitated the following H 2 O 2 oxidation and SHMP crosslinking processes. In addition, a mechanism was also demonstrated to illustrate the improvement induced by ball milling pretreatment. The prepared bio-latex with crosslinking-structure performed excellent adhesive properties when substituted 25 % of petroleum-based latex during paper coating application, which showed great potential in improving the economic, cost, and environment benefits of traditional production of coated paper.
Simultaneously, lots of non-combustible gases derived from the degradation of MEL are wrapped in carbonaceous layer and make it expand. Such a protective, intumescent, and thermally stable char layer contributes to improving the char yield and fire resistance of the coating [41,44,45]. In the final stages (above 650 °C), the weight loss is primarily due to the further decomposition of residual chars.
With the rapid development of Al electrolytic capacitors, plenty of industrial effluents are generated during the corrosion process of aluminium anode, resulting in serious environmental problems. To address such a challenging but urgent issue, we recycle powders containing lots of flame-retardant compositions from the precipitate of industrial effluents and apply them in the intumescent fire retardant coating. The formula of coating is optimized using response surface methodology based on central composite design. Under the optimum formula (APP: 60 wt%, PER: 19 wt%, MEL: 18 wt%, and the recycled powder: 9 wt%), the optimal sample is prepared and its fire resistance is investigated in our lab. During the fire resistance test, this sample displays the lowest backside temperature (only 163 °C) among all samples, indicating superior fire retardancy. In addition to fire resistance analysis, the water resistance and thermal stability of intumescent fire retardant coatings are also characterized. Our results show that the water contact angle and char yield of optimal sample reach up to 78.9° and 30.1 %, respectively. Thus, the optimal coating features superior fire retardancy, excellent water resistance and outstanding thermal stability. This work offers a practical strategy for creating a high-performance intumescent fire retardant coating based on the reuse of industrial effluent, which is favorable to environment protection and has a promising future in the industry.
In the later drying stage, the biolatex particles move back into the coating pores with water (Fig. 2). Moreover, the addition of biolatex decreases the water contact angle significantly and increases surface roughness and porosity of coating layers [64]. These results may be attributed to the core-shell structure and water-swollen nature of biolatex particles [39].
Starch and its derivatives have been widely used in the paper industry due to its completely biodegradable nature, wide availability, and low cost. The surface coating of starch-based product is a well-established commercial practice to confer the desired property to paper. Today, on top of the continuing demand for higher performance and lower costs, the paper industry faces tighter regulation and higher sustainability standards. The progress in starch modification and coating technology has created opportunities in terms of fundamental study and industrial application. Starch products with variations in structure, composition, and properties have been developed for various applications. Furthermore, starch-based bionanocomposites and blends have been utilized to provide new functionalities to paper and paperboard. This review summarizes the recent progress of starch and its derivatives in surface sizing, coating binder, and functional coatings. The future trends and opportunities for starch-based coatings are also discussed.
For example, starch modified by the enzymes is usually used to improve the surface strength of paper. But excessive starch could increase chemical oxygen demand(COD)and biological oxygen demand (BOD) in the process of paper waste water treatment [5–9]. As a kind of biodegradable materials, Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) was manufactured by polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer.
Biodegradable surface sizing agent(poly-vinyl alcohol/itaconic acid/acrylamide)was synthesized via radical polymerization with MINITAB software. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the structure of the surface sizing agent. In the meantime, a thin layer of PVA or PVA/IA/AM was coated on the surface of paper. The strength and water resistance of paper were studied and compared. The optimization experiment condition for the surface sizing agent was determined by Design of Experiment (DOE). It indicated that PVA/IA/AM copolymer not only improve the hydrophobicity of paper but also increase the paper surface strength. It was attributed that PVA/IA/AM could form the hydrophobic coating layer with spatial network structure on the surface of paper and increase the number of hydrogen bonding between the copolymer and fiber. Furthermore, the copolymer had better forming film characteristic and lower property of penetrating into the interior of paper than PVA when they were coated on the surface of paper.
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