Berezılya

Berezılya
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This article is about the federal capital of Brazil. For other uses, see Brasilia (disambiguation) .
Federal capital in Central-West, Brazil
From top to bottom and left to right : Monumental Axis seen from the TV Tower ; Metropolitan Cathedral at night; facade of the Alvorada Palace ; Juscelino Kubitschek bridge in Paranoá Lake ; buildings of the South Banking Sector and the National Congress building with the national mast in the Three Powers Plaza at the background; panoramic view of the Plano Piloto of Brasilia.
Capital Federal , BSB , Capital da Esperança
"Venturis ventis"( Latin ) "To the coming winds"

Abuja , Nigeria [53]
Asunción , Paraguay [53]
Brussels , Belgium [53]
Buenos Aires , Argentina (since 2002) [53]
Gaza City , Palestine [53]
Havana , Cuba [53]
Khartoum , Sudan [53]
Lisbon , Portugal [54]
Luxor , Egypt [53]
Montevideo , Uruguay [53]
Pretoria , South Africa [53]
Santiago , Chile [53]
Tehran , Iran [53]
Vienna , Austria [53]
Washington, D.C. , United States (since 2013) [55]
Xi'an , China (since 1997) [53]
Guadalajara , Mexico. [56]

— Robert Hughes , The Shock of the New , Episode 4: "Trouble in Utopia", (1980)

^ The administrative region of Brasília recorded a population of 214,529 in a 2012 survey; IBGE demographic publications do not make this distinction and considers the entire population of the Federal District.

^ Jump up to: a b c IBGE: Brasília Archived 17 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine IBGE . Retrieved on 21 February 2016. (in Portuguese) .

^ "Estimativa Populacional 2013" (PDF) . Pesquisa Demográfica por Amostra de Domicílios 2011 (in Portuguese). Codeplan. 9 November 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2015 . Retrieved 6 June 2015 .

^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2014 . Retrieved 1 August 2013 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )

^ "Brasília" . Collins English Dictionary . HarperCollins . Archived from the original on 10 May 2019 . Retrieved 10 May 2019 .

^ "Brasilia" Archived 10 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine (US) and "Brasilia" . Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary . Oxford University Press . n.d . Retrieved 10 May 2019 .

^ Istrate, Emilia. "Global MetroMonitor | Brookings Institution" . Brookings.edu. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013 . Retrieved 25 February 2014 .

^ "Niemeyer e Joaquim Cardozo: uma parceria mágica entre arquiteto e engenheiro" (in Portuguese). Brazil Communication Company . 2012. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019 . Retrieved 7 January 2019 .

^ "Brasília 50 anos" (PDF) . Veja (in Portuguese). 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016 . Retrieved 7 January 2019 .

^ "World Heritage List" . Unesco. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013 . Retrieved 6 February 2013 .

^ "The Brazilian cities Brasília, Paraty and João Pessoa join the UNESCO Creative Cities Network" . www.unesco.org . United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018 . Retrieved 3 October 2018 .

^ "Lista do Corpo Diplomático e Organismos Internacionais" . Cerimonial, Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011 . Retrieved 18 August 2011 .

^ Epstein, David G. (1980). Brasília, Plan and Reality: A Study of Planned and Spontaneous Urban Development . University of New Mexico Press . p. 26. ISBN 9780826309594 . Archived from the original on 5 April 2017 . Retrieved 5 April 2017 .

^ "São João Bosco" . Don Bosco Sanctuary website (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 21 March 2013 . Retrieved 8 March 2013 .

^ About Brasilia Brazil Archived 2 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine (in English)

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Epstein, David (1973). Brasilia, Plan and Reality : a study of planned and spontaneous urban development . University of California Press . ISBN 0520022033 . OCLC 691903 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Wong, Pia (October 1989). Planning and the Unplanned Reality: Brasilia (Master of City Planning, 1988). IURD Working paper series. Vol. 499. University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Urban & Regional Development. OCLC 21925988 .

^ Deckker, Thomas (2016). "Brasília: Life Beyond Utopia". Architectural Design . 86 (3): 88–95. doi : 10.1002/ad.2050 . ISSN 1554-2769 . Brasília was not, in fact, planned in any meaningful way. The Brazilian architect and planner Lúcio Costa's entry for the design competition for the new city in 1956 was a series of sketches of ideal urban forms of communal apartment blocks loosely based on Le Corbusier's Ville Radieuse of 1935, and 'superblocks' of single-family houses based on the North American Radburn layout (1929). He subsequently elaborated these into the Plano Piloto (Pilot Plan), and added the satellite city of Taguatinga.

^ Peter William Kellett; Felipe Hernández; Lea Knudsen Allen, eds. (2010). Rethinking the Informal City: Critical Perspectives from Latin America . Berghahn Series:Remapping cultural history . Vol. 11. Berghahn Books. p. 58. ISBN 978-1845455828 .

^ el-Dahdah, Farès, ed. (2005). Lucio Costa: Brasilia's superquadra . CASE. Prestel Verlag . ISBN 3791331574 . OCLC 491822493 .

^ Pessôa, José (Winter 2010). "Lúcio Costa and the Question of Monumentality in his Pilot Plan for Brasilia" . Docomomo Journal . 43, Brasilia 1960-2010 . ISSN 1380-3204 . Archived from the original on 17 January 2018 . Retrieved 17 January 2018 .

^ Denicke, Lars (2011). "Fifty years' progress in five: Brasilia—modernization, globalism, and the geopolitics of flight". In Hecht, Gabrielle (ed.). Entangled geographies: empire and technopolitics in the global Cold War . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp. 185–208. ISBN 978-0262515788 . OCLC 731854048 .

^ James Holston (1989). The Modernist City" An Anthropological Critique of Brasília . University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226349794 – via Google Books.

^ Banerji, Robin (7 December 2012). "Brasilia: Does it work as a city?" . BBC News . Archived from the original on 30 September 2018 . Retrieved 30 September 2018 .

^ James Holston (1989). The Modernist City: An Anthropological Critique of Brasilia . University of Chicago Press. p. 341 . ISBN 0226349799 – via Google Books.

^ A cidade das duas estações Archived 4 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in Brazilian Portuguese).

^ Jump up to: a b c
"Temperatura Média Compensada Mensal e Anual (°C)" . Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022 . Retrieved 24 March 2022 .

^ Jump up to: a b
"Temperatura Máxima Mensal e Anual (°C)" . Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022 . Retrieved 24 March 2022 .

^ Jump up to: a b
"Temperatura Mínima Mensal e Anual (°C)" . Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022 . Retrieved 24 March 2022 .

^ Jump up to: a b
"Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)" . Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022 . Retrieved 24 March 2022 .

^ "DF entra em estado de atenção por causa da baixa umidade do ar" . Agência Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 6 August 2014 . Retrieved 22 March 2021 .

^ Pegorim, Josélia (19 October 2015). "Brasília: novo recorde histórico de calor" [Brasília: new historic heat record]. www.climatempo.com.br (in Portuguese). Climatempo . Retrieved 13 October 2020 .

^ "Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014 . Retrieved 14 October 2018 .

^ "Onda de calor de 2020: reescrevendo a climatologia do BR" [2020 heat wave: rewriting the climatology of BR]. www.climatempo.com.br (in Portuguese). Climatempo . 9 October 2020 . Retrieved 13 October 2020 .

^ Rodovia com 1,8 km e frio europeu; veja os 'extremos' de Brasília (in Brazilian Portuguese).

^
"Número de dias no mês ou no ano com precipitação maior ou igual a (1 mm) (dias)" . Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022 . Retrieved 24 March 2022 .

^
"Umidade Relativa do Ar Compensada Mensal e Anual (%)" . Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022 . Retrieved 24 March 2022 .

^
"Insolação Total (horas)" . Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020 (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022 . Retrieved 24 March 2022 .

^
"Station Brasília" (in French). Meteo Climat . Retrieved 24 March 2022 .

^ 2010 IGBE Census Archived 14 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in Portuguese)

^ Jump up to: a b 2010 IGBE Census Archived 14 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in Portuguese)

^ The largest Brazilian cities - 2010 IBGE Census Archived 6 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in Portuguese)

^ Keiner, Marco; Koll-Schretzenmayr, Martina; Schmid, Willy A. (5 December 2016). Managing Urban Futures: Sustainability and Urban Growth in Developing Countries . Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-92020-9 .

^ "Population of Brasília" . Geocities.com. 17 January 2007. Archived from the original on 24 May 2000 . Retrieved 17 April 2010 .

^ "Immigration to Brasília" . Aboutbrasilia.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011 . Retrieved 17 April 2010 .

^ Brasília in the World Archived 15 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in English)

^ "Religion in Brasília by IBGE" . Sidra.ibge.gov.br. Archived from the original on 23 March 2015 . Retrieved 11 October 2012 .

^ "Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 - Título III, Capítulo V: Do Distrito Federal e dos Territórios" (in Portuguese). Governo do Brasil. 1988. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016 . Retrieved 4 August 2013 .

^ "Prefeitos". A História de Brasília (in Portuguese). Info Brasília. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010 . Retrieved 17 April 2010 .

^ "Por que Brasília não tem prefeito?" (in Portuguese). Portal Terra. 25 August 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013 . Retrieved 4 August 2013 .

^ "Sobre a Câmara Legislativa" (in Portuguese). Câmara Legislativa do Distrito Federal. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 . Retrieved 4 August 2013 .

^ "Portal da Transparência - Fundo Constitucional do Distrito Federal" . Archived from the original on 21 February 2015 . Retrieved 26 February 2019 .

^ "Ao todo, o GDF poderá contar com um orçamento de R$ 37,2 bilhões para o próximo ano" . Archived from the original on 21 February 2015 . Retrieved 26 February 2019 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Brasilia Global Partners" . Internacional.df.gov.br. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014 . Retrieved 25 February 2014 .

^ "Lisboa - Geminações de Cidades e Vilas" [Lisbon - Twinning of Cities and Towns]. Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses [National Association of Portuguese Municipalities] (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 1 February 2015 . Retrieved 23 August 2013 .

^ Martin Austermuhle (15 March 2012). "D.C., Welcome Your Newest Sister City: Brasília" . Dcist.com. Archived from the original on 18 March 2013 . Retrieved 18 March 2013 .

^ "Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil - City, Town and Village of the world" .

^ "GDP – Division – Federal District" . Gdf.df.gov.br. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009 . Retrieved 17 April 2010 .

^ GDP 2018

^ Brasília UNESCO

^ Jump up to: a b "Comparing Brazilian states with countries" . Economist.com. 5 September 2011. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014 . Retrieved 25 February 2014 .

^ Brasília Archived 7 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in English)

^ "Culture in Brasília" . Travelbite.co.uk. 9 August 2006. Archived from the original on 20 December 2011 . Retrieved 17 April 2010 .

^ "Dom Bosco – Brasília" . Infobrasilia.com.br. 21 April 1965. Archived from the original on 12 April 2010 . Retrieved 17 April 2010 .

^ "Dom Bosco – Brasília" . Flickr.com. 24 March 2009. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013 . Retrieved 17 April 2010 .

^ Natália Castro (8 December 2014). "Maria Fernanda Cândido e Enrique Diaz gravam com Fernando Meirelles nova série da Globo, em Brasilia" . O Globo . Revista da TV. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014 . Retrieved 22 December 2014 .

^ Oscar Niemeyer

^ Roberto Burle Marx - Brazilian Modernist

^ Jump up to: a b "Brasília - Britannica" .

^ "Esplanada dos Ministérios - map - Brasilia" . www.aboutbrasilia.com . Archived from the original on 5 March 2018 . Retrieved 27 May 2018 .

^ International schools in Brasília Archived 2 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine (in English)

^ "Brasília Public Transportation Statistics" . Global Public Transit Index by Moovit. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017 . Retrieved 19 June 2017 . Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License .

^ Jump up to: a b Airport Statistics for 2007 http://www.infraero.gov.br/upload/arquivos/movi/mov.operac.1207.pdf Archived 16 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Brasilia International Airport – facts" . Aboutbrasilia.com. 4 January 2007. Archived from the original on 25 March 2009 . Retrieved 17 April 2010 .

^ Brazilian Airport Privatization – Second Round Concessions Archived 7 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in English)

^ Brazil Opens First Expansion at a Privately Operated Airport Archived 14 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in English)

^ Inframerica Group will invest R$ 750 million in Brasilia's Airport Archived 7 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in English)

^ "Bridge Awards" . Eswp.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012 . Retrieved 5 May 2009 .

^ "Brasília to start works for US$260mn light rail this year" . BNAmericas . 2 April 2019 . Retrieved 3 October 2019 .

^ "Brasília Metro" . Metro.df.gov.br. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014 . Retrieved 25 February 2014 .

^ Fábio Amato Do G1, em Brasília (28 June 2012). "G1 - Estudo vai apontar viabilidade de trem entre Brasília, Anápolis e Goiânia - notícias em Distrito Federal" . G1.globo.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012 . Retrieved 12 March 2013 .

^ "Brasilia National Stadium" . Government of Brazil. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012 . Retrieved 18 March 2013 .

Brasília at Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel guides from Wikivoyage Resources from Wikiversity Data from Wikidata

2000
Mérida
2001
Iquique
2002
Maceió
2003
Panama City
Curitiba
2004
Santiago
2005
Guadalajara
2006
Córdoba
2007
Cusco
2008
Brasília
2009
Asunción
2010
Santo Domingo
2011
Quito
2012
São Luís
2013
Barranquilla
2014
Colima
2015
Mayagüez
2016
Valdivia
2017
Mérida
2018
Anzoátegui (state)
2019
San Miguel de Allende
2020
Punta Arenas
2021
Zacatecas (state)

Modernisme (1888–1911)
Art Nouveau (1890–1910)
Prairie School (1890s–1920s)
Expressionism (1910–)
Stripped Classicism (1913–)
De Stijl (1917–1931)
Bauhaus (1919–1933)
Constructivism (1920–1932)
New Objectivity (1922–1933)
Streamline Moderne (1925–1950)
Rationalist-Fascist (1920s–1930s)
International style (1920s–)
Functionalism (1920s–1970s)
Futurism (1920s–)
Organicism (1920s–)
Art Deco (1910–1939)
Postconstructivism (1930s)
PWA Moderne (1933-1944)
Stalinist (1930s–1950s)
Googie (1930s–1970)
Mid-century modern (1933–1969)
Brutalism (1940s–late 1970s)
Structuralism (1959–)
Metabolism (1959–)
Postmodernism (1960s–)
Blobitecture (1960s–)
Neo-futurism (1960s–)
High-tech (1970s–)
Critical regionalism (1980s–)
Deconstructivism (1980s–)
Neomodern (1990s–)
New Classical (1990s–)
Contemporary (2000s–)

Brasília ( / b r ə ˈ z ɪ l i ə / ; [4] [5] Portuguese: [bɾaˈziljɐ] ) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District . The city is located at the top of the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region. It was founded by President Juscelino Kubitschek on 21 April 1960, to serve as the new national capital. Brasília is estimated to be Brazil's third-most populous city . [1] Among major Latin American cities, it has the highest GDP per capita. [6]

Brasília was a planned city developed by Lúcio Costa , Oscar Niemeyer and Joaquim Cardozo in 1956 in a scheme to move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a more central location. The landscape architect was Roberto Burle Marx . [7] [8] The city's design divides it into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified activities, such as the Hotel Sector, the Banking Sector, and the Embassy Sector. Brasília was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 due to its modernist architecture and uniquely artistic urban planning . [9] It was named "City of Design" by UNESCO in October 2017 and has been part of the Creative Cities Network since then. [10]

All three branches of Brazil's federal government are centered in the city: executive , legislative and judiciary . Brasília also hosts 124 foreign embassies . [11] The city's international airport connects it to all other major Brazilian cities and some international destinations, and it is the third-busiest airport in Brazil . It was one of the main host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and hosted some of the football matches during the 2016 Summer Olympics ; it also hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup .

The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil . Although Brasília is used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche , the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions , only one of which is the area of the originally planned city, also called Plano Piloto . The rest of the Federal District is considered by IBGE to make up Bras
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