Бензилпиперазин

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Benzylpiperazine BZP is a recreational drug with euphoriant and stimulant properties. The effects produced by BZP are comparable to those produced by amphetamine. Adverse effects have been reported following its use including acute psychosis , renal toxicity and seizures. It is often claimed that BZP was originally synthesized as a potential antihelminthic anti-parasitic agent for use in farm animals. Even so, the majority of the early work with the piperazines were investigations into their potential use as antihelminthics with the earliest clinical trials in the literature relating to piperazine being articles in the British Medical Journal in the s. It next appears in the literature in the s when it was investigated as a potential antidepressant medication, but rejected when research reported that BZP had amphetamine-like effects and was liable to abuse. In the early s, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration noted the drug was being used recreationally in California. It also reported that BZP was being used as an adulterant in illicit drugs. Since , benzylpiperazine use grew sharply in New Zealand due to an initial complete lack of regulation. The New Zealand government attempted to ban the product as of 18 December , but the necessary second reading of the bill did not happen in time for the law to be passed. In early , pills containing the active ingredients BZP and TFMPP began to appear in the city of Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada, where they first gained popularity with late night party-goers as a purported safer alternative to many of the illicit street drugs commonly available there. In piperazine based party-pill formulations started to become widely available nationwide which has caused concern with local authorities such as Health Canada and subsequently BZP has gained much media attention in In the United States, it is still used as an adulterant in ecstasy mimic tablets. BZP is a piperazine derivative which comes as either the hydrochloride salt or a free base. The hydrochloride salt is a white solid while the base form is a slightly yellowish-green liquid. BZP base is corrosive and causes burns. In countries where its purchase is legal, BZP products are often produced in small specialist laboratories. The raw materials can be purchased from various chemical supply agencies and formed into tablets or capsules using relatively cheap production techniques. The resulting product can be marketed at extremely high markup , so end-user prices can be as high as times the bulk cost of raw ingredients. BZP is often marketed ostensibly as a 'dietary supplement' to avoid meeting stricter laws that apply to medicines and drugs, despite the fact that BZP has no dietary value. As of late , the Misuse of Drugs Act ensured it can no longer be classified or marketed as a dietary supplement in New Zealand. BZP has been shown to have a mixed mechanism of action, acting on the serotonergic and dopaminergic receptor systems in a similar fashion to MDMA. BZP also acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist on a wide variety of serotonin receptors; \\\\\\\\\\\\\\[18\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] binding to 5HT 2A receptors may explain its mild hallucinogenic effects at high doses, while partial agonist or antagonist effects at the 5HT 2B receptors may explain some of BZPs peripheral side effects, as this receptor is expressed very densely in the gut, and binding to 5HT 3 receptors may explain the common side effect of headaches, as this receptor is known to be involved in the development of migraine headaches. The effects of BZP are largely similar to amphetamines , \\\\\\\\\\\\\\[3\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] \\\\\\\\\\\\\\[20\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] with one study finding that former amphetamine addicts were unable to distinguish between dextroamphetamine and BZP administered intravenously. The perception of certain sensations such as taste, colour or music may be subjectively enhanced. The average duration is longer than that of dextroamphetamine, typically lasting 4—6 hours with reports as long as 8 hours depending on the dose. Anecdotal evidence from online sources claim tolerance to the central action of BZP will develop quickly. As with most sympathomimetic stimulants there appear to be significant side effects associated with BZP use. BZP reportedly produces insomnia and a mild to severe hangover after the drug effect wears off, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\[23\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] however, some manufacturers in New Zealand have started including recovery pills which contain 5-HTP and vitamins which allegedly ease these hangovers. The major side effects include dilated pupils, blurred vision, dryness of the mouth, extreme alertness, pruritus , confusion , agitation , tremor, extrapyramidal symptoms dystonia , akathisia , headache, dizziness , anxiety, insomnia , vomiting, chest pain , hallucinations , paresthesia , tachycardia , hypertension , palpitations , collapse, hyperventilation , sweating, hyperthermia and problems with urine retention. The majority of the toxic effects information came from a study conducted between 1 April to 1 September The study recorded all presentations associated with party pill use at the Emergency Department of Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand by recording them on a prospective data collection form. Patients with mild to moderate toxicity experienced symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dystonia and urinary retention. Significantly, fourteen toxic seizures were recorded with two patients suffering life-threatening toxicity with status epilepticus and severe respiratory and metabolic acidosis. It was concluded that BZP appears to induce toxic seizures in neurologically normal subjects. A retrospective study carried out at an Auckland emergency department found that BZP presentations only made a minor contribution to their overdose database with most cases not producing any significant toxicity. Rodham was put into an induced coma in an effort to prevent him from dying. One in every 45 2. The drug was classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States in , \\\\\\\\\\\\\\[15\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] following a report by the DEA which incorrectly stated that BZP was 10 to 20 times more potent than amphetamine, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\[36\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] when in fact BZP is ten times less potent than dexamphetamine. Victoria, the last state in which it was legal, changed its classification on 1 September Both Australia and Japan admit that their scheduling decisions were made primarily in response to the Schedule 1 classification given to BZP in the USA, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\[ citation needed \\\\\\\\\\\\\\] although some instances of BZP use had been reported by law enforcement authorities in both countries. Any products containing salts of piperazine would be licensable under the Medicines Act \\\\\\\\\\\\\\[41\\\\\\\\\\\\\\] and consequently anyone manufacturing and supplying it legally must hold the relevant licenses to do so. BZP is not a salt of piperazine , but mislabelling of BZP products as containing 'piperazine blend' resulted in some prosecutions of suppliers in the UK by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, although none were successful. BZP is not controlled under any UN convention, so the compounds themselves are legal throughout most of the world, although in most countries their use is restricted to pharmaceutical manufacturing and recreational use is unknown. The results were published in June A ban was intended to come into effect in New Zealand on 18 December , but the law change did not go through until the following year, and the sale of BZP and the other listed piperazines became illegal in New Zealand as of 1 April An amnesty for possession and usage of these drugs was in effect until October , at which point they became completely illegal. Befuraline, fipexide, and piberaline are all known to metabolize to BZP. All diphenylmethylpiperazines are also technically benzylpiperazines. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. New Zealand Medical Association. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. Archived from the original PDF on 16 July Retrieved 22 April Bay of Plenty Times. Archived from the original PDF on 13 October Archived from the original on 14 January Archived from the original on 7 April Ann N Y Acad Sci. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm. Archived from the original PDF on 7 October Archived from the original PDF on 12 October Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man 8 ed. Archived from the original on 4 December Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Archived from the original PDF on 18 March National Drug Intelligence Center. Archived from the original PDF on 14 October Archived from the original on 16 October Canadian Department of Justice. Archived from the original on 15 December Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Archived from the original on 28 September Retrieved 14 April Archived from the original on 5 August Diphenidine Ephenidine Fluorolintane Methoxphenidine. Dextrallorphan Dextromethorphan Dextrorphan Racemethorphan Racemorphan. Apomorphine Aporphine Bromocriptine Cabergoline Lisuride Memantine Nuciferine Pergolide Phenethylamine Piribedil Pramipexole Ropinirole Rotigotine Salvinorin A Also indirect D 2 agonists, such as dopamine reuptake inhibitors cocaine , methylphenidate , releasing agents amphetamine , methamphetamine , and precursors levodopa. Glaucine Isoaminile Noscapine Pukateine. Adapromine Amantadine Bromantane Memantine Rimantadine. Oxiracetam Phenylpiracetam Phenylpiracetam hydrazide. SoRI Adrenergic release blockers: AR-A Beta blockers e. Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics e. Adatanserin Agomelatine Atypical antipsychotics e. Alosetron AS Atypical antipsychotics e. ABT Atypical antipsychotics e. Atevirdine Azaperone Delavirdine Mirtazapine Pyridinylpiperazine. Lurasidone Perospirone Revospirone Tiospirone Ziprasidone. Retrieved from ' https: Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons. This page was last edited on 30 October , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

Бензилпиперазин

Бензилпиперазин из пиперазина адипат (1-бензилпиперазин)

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Benzylpiperazine

Бензилпиперазин

Значение слова бензилпиперазин

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Значение слова бензилпиперазин

Бензилпиперазин из пиперазина адипат (1-бензилпиперазин)

Бензилпиперазин из пиперазина адипат (1-бензилпиперазин)

Benzylpiperazine

Бензилпиперазин

Benzylpiperazine

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Бензилпиперазин из пиперазина адипат (1-бензилпиперазин)

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Бензилпиперазин из пиперазина адипат (1-бензилпиперазин)

Значение слова бензилпиперазин

Бензилпиперазин из пиперазина адипат (1-бензилпиперазин)

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