Begin Rsa Private Key Mii

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Until now I didn't find a specification (RFC or similar) for the file format that uses the BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY prefix and END RSA PRIVATE KEY suffix. Where is it defined? Is there an official name for it? It seems to be at least related to the series of PEM RFCs.
I am looking for reference information about the details of whitespace handling, base64 details, joining of different keys in one file etc..
This question is NOT about the ASN encoding of the payload.
Gustave
Gustave 250●11 gold badge●22 silver badges●77 bronze badges
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The OpenPGP specification describes similar ASCII-Armor formats.
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– CodesInChaos Apr 25 '17 at 11:27
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The most of PEM formats (also other than RSA Private Key) are documented in RFC 7468: Textual Encodings of PKIX, PKCS, and CMS Structures. There are e.g. some guidance on topic of whitespace handling. That RFC basically notes that details vary according to parser.
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– user4982 Apr 25 '17 at 13:09
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Thanks to user4982: This is the kind of source I am looking for. However, RFC 7468 contains information regarding the label "ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY", but it doesn't for "RSA PRIVATE KEY".
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– Gustave Apr 25 '17 at 15:06
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PEM is defined in RFC 1421 which describes the overall format of the header, etc. But I couldn't find about the "RSA PRIVATE KEY". This article from 1997 already mentions OpenSSL using it.
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– Conrado Apr 25 '17 at 16:46
I'm here, because, I'm asking myself the same question as the OP.
PKCS#1 (RFC 3447) defines the ASN.1 structure: RSAPrivateKey, permitting the expression of an RSA private key only.
PKCS#8 (RFC 5208) defines the ASN.1 structure: PrivateKeyInfo, permitting the expression of any private key. (For an RSA private key, PrivateKeyInfo is some packaging information, and a reuse of RSAPrivateKey from PKCS#1).
PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail), is a defunct method for secure email. But, its container format was borrowed for packaging cryptographic items.
RFC 7468 (Introduction): "For reasons that basically boil down to non-coordination or inattention, many PKIX, PKCS, and CMS libraries implement a textbased encoding that is similar to -- but not identical with -- PEM encoding."
Which reads as: Um, folk have decided to use bits of PEM to package thier crypto files. Here we have a jolly good effort to try and formalise that...
Alas, RFC 7468 clarifies the PKCS#8/PrivateKeyInfo packaging as "BEGIN PRIVATE KEY". But not the packaging of PKCS#1/RSAPrivateKey as "BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY".
The "BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY" packaging is sometimes called: "SSLeay format" or "traditional format" for private key. Which, as least, gives us a name for this format, but, like yourself, I cannot find, and would welcome, something that approaches a formal description of this format. I suspect this does not exist.
William Ellis
William Ellis 126●22 bronze badges
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I'm here, because, I'm asking myself the same question as the OP. --- To clarify: is this your answer to the question asked above, or are you actually asking yourself the same question?
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– e-sushi May 15 '17 at 19:03
The format of the base64 contents inside:
You already know how to encode that using the DER flavor of ASN.1; and the question is about how to actually write that DER binary data to a file.
There is then the "Encapsulation Boundary" (EB), used to delimit encapsulated PEM messages.
It was the defuct Privacy Enhanced Mail that used:
Those PEM conventions were carried over for public key, private key, and certificates, but with suitable changed wording:
Ian Boyd
Ian Boyd 831●77 silver badges●1212 bronze badges
This document articulates the de facto rules by which existing implementations operate and defines them so that future implementations can interoperate.
10. One Asymmetric Key and the Textual Encoding of PKCS #8 Private Key Info
Unencrypted PKCS #8 Private Key Information Syntax structures (PrivateKeyInfo), renamed to Asymmetric Key Packages (OneAsymmetricKey), are encoded using the "PRIVATE KEY" label. The encoded data MUST be a BER (DER preferred; see Appendix B) encoded ASN.1 PrivateKeyInfo structure as described in PKCS #8 [RFC5208], or a OneAsymmetricKey structure as described in [RFC5958]. The two are semantically identical and can be distinguished by version number.
mikemaccana
mikemaccana 337●44 silver badges●1313 bronze badges
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I am asking about "RSA PRIVATE KEY", not about "CERTIFICATE REQUEST". By the way, I would expect PKCS #8 or PKCS #1, not PKCS #10. Chapter 10 would be closer. But it doesn't specify RSA in the label, so it makes sense to use PKCS #8 here. As the key algorithm would be specified redundantly, it could be OK (and I saw examples) to put PKCS #1 in a "RSA PRIVATE KEY" file.
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– Gustave Apr 28 '17 at 19:10
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@As I already said, I am looking for "RSA PRIVATE KEY", not for "PRIVATE KEY". So, even chapter 10 is not applicable, and RFC7468 is a wrong answer.
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– Gustave May 11 '17 at 5:33
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@Gustave I'm aware you wrote "RSA PRIVATE KEY", however specifying the format of the private key in the header is unnecessary and the spec is relevant.
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– mikemaccana May 12 '17 at 12:42
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The ABNF reads <> and <>. So, why do you think the header is unnecessary?
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– Gustave May 16 '17 at 6:33
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PKCS #1 (tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8017#appendix-A.1.2) doesn't specify any ASCII base64 encoding, and it also doesn't specify the -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- header. PKCS #8 doesn't specify any ASCII base64 encoding either. Chapter 10 indeed specifies -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----. Do you have a link to a standard which specifies the the -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- header?
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– pts May 1 '20 at 21:54
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I was often baffled by the concept of public/private key used in cryptosystems. There're lots of resources online explaining this feature, but I thought the best way to understand was to unravel its mathematical foundation to utterly understand its roots.
This is why I wrote this article. Due to the non-support (yet) for Latex formulas here in dev.to markdown, I simply wrote some slides using MarpIt and just converted them to jpegs using Gimp.
In 1976, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman wrote a seminal article (New Directions in Cryptography) where they first envisioned a public/private key for encryption and digital signature framework. But the didn't give the implementation details. It's only in 1977 that Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman (MIT scientists, hence the RSA acronym) described a comprehensive algorithm to generate key pairs.
openssl can be used to generate a cryptographic ecosystem. The following examples use a minimum key size of 512 bits, which is the smallest key possible.
The key512.pem PEM file is a standard for holding RSA keys, which is a Base64-encoded version of all the RSA keys:

PEM files are base64 encoded versions of DER encoded data. A header and footer are inserted around the data to mark meaningful data in between.
DER is a pretty cryptic standard which is part of the ASN.1 one, which is itself a data description language. Following is the structure of the DER data found in a PEM file:

To get DER data, using this simple command, you can get the whole Base64 data without header and footer lines:

The key512.pem file has all the RSA keys packed into a single file. We can view individual elements of the RSA keys:

This includes the modulus (also referred to as public key and n), public exponent (also referred to as e , default value is 65537), private exponent (d), and primes used to create keys (prime1, also called p, and prime2, also called q).
The following Python3 snippet can be used to convert hex integer to int:

Then, we can extract integer values for the previous OpenSSL data:
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Software architect, devops engineer
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