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an yann rello, www.ren...@aol.com, vanessa...@hotmail.com, sevr...@hotmail.fr, sculpt...@googlegroups.com, sarah....@wanadoo.fr, richard....@wanadoo.fr, renee...@aol.com, severine, pierr...@wanadou.fr, jacques, olivier, gil, g.del...@hotmail.fr, enca...@hotmail.com, delphine champlong, christel...@wanadoo.fr
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C'est un virus qui ouvre une torche olympique et qui brûle Le disque dur du PC. 
   Ce virus sera envoyé par une personne que vous avez dans votre liste de contacts, c'est pour cela que vous devez absolument envoyer cet e-mail.
> Il vaut mieux recevoir ce message 25 fois plutôt que de recevoir Le virus et l'ouvrir !!!  Donc, si vous recevez un message appelé 'invitation' NE L'OUVREZ SURTOUT PAS ET ETEIGNEZ IMMEDIATEMENT VOTRE PC.
> C'est Le pire virus annoncé par la CNN et classifié par Microsoft comme Le virus Le plus destructeur qui n'ait jamais existé jusqu'à présent ! > > > Ce virus a été découvert hier après midi par MCAfee et IL n'y a pas encore de solution pour palier à ce virus > > > Il détruit tout simplement la 'zone zéro' du disque dur où sont cachées les > > Informations vitales ! > > > ENVOYEZ CET E-MAIL A TOUS CEUX QUE VOUS CONNAISSEZ !!! > > A vos amis, vos contacts...Car plus vous préviendrez de personnes, plus Le virus aura de difficultés à se propager. > > > Faites un copier coller pour transférer ce message

attention message important...... > > > > > > > >
Message à faire passer !! > > Dans les prochains jours, > > Vous devrez faire très attention de n'ouvrir aucun message appelé > > L'invitation, ou > > ' qu'est ce que fais ta photo sur ce site? ' > > Peu importe qui vous l'envoie !!!
C'est un virus qui ouvre une torche olympique et qui brûle Le disque dur du PC. 
   Ce virus sera envoyé par une personne que vous avez dans votre liste de contacts, c'est pour cela que vous devez absolument envoyer cet e-mail.
> Il vaut mieux recevoir ce message 25 fois plutôt que de recevoir Le virus et l'ouvrir !!!  Donc, si vous recevez un message appelé 'invitation' NE L'OUVREZ SURTOUT PAS ET ETEIGNEZ IMMEDIATEMENT VOTRE PC.
> C'est Le pire virus annoncé par la CNN et classifié par Microsoft comme Le virus Le plus destructeur qui n'ait jamais existé jusqu'à présent ! > > > Ce virus a été découvert hier après midi par MCAfee et IL n'y a pas encore de solution pour palier à ce virus > > > Il détruit tout simplement la 'zone zéro' du disque dur où sont cachées les > > Informations vitales ! > > > ENVOYEZ CET E-MAIL A TOUS CEUX QUE VOUS CONNAISSEZ !!! > > A vos amis, vos contacts...Car plus vous préviendrez de personnes, plus Le virus aura de difficultés à se propager. > > > Faites un copier coller pour transférer ce message

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Thibo Tazz sort un morceau pour #20before15 aujourd'hui. Rencontrez l'homme derrière la musique. ... Et j'ai été en contact avec un DJ, Vinny Da Vinci. Ils faisaient étape dans ma ville, et ...
> C'est Le pire virus annoncé par la CNN et classifié par Microsoft comme Le virus Le plus destructeur qui n'ait jamais existé jusqu'à présent ! > > > Ce virus a été découvert hier après midi par MCAfee et IL n'y a pas encore de solution pour palier à ce virus
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Purpose To describe what, if any, specific long T2‐related abnormalities occur in the white matter of subjects with either phenylketonuria (PKU) or multiple sclerosis (MS). Materials and Methods T...
le notre en perd beaucoup en ce moment et ça m'inquiète un peu. CoCo:gris du gabon née le 29/09/2009 FiFtY:chat européen (2ans) ... meythet,haute savoie ,france Ville: Haut. par pierre27180 » Dim Fév 20, ... thibo Poicephalus Messages: 2062 Inscription: Ven Mar 12, 2010 4:40 pm Localisation: Rodez/Aveyron/France Ville:
{eduardo.calo6,leo.jacqmin8,thibo.rosemplatt3}@etu.univ-lorraine. fr , {maxime.amblard,miguel.couceiro,ajinkya.kulkarni}@loria. fr R ÉSUMÉ Nous présentons GECko+, un assistant d'écriture pour l'anglais qui corrige des erreurs au niveau de la phrase et du discours. Il se base sur deux modèles état de l'art pour la correction grammaticale et
thibo Poicephalus Messages: 2062 Inscription: Ven Mar 12, 2010 4:40 pm Localisation: Rodez/Aveyron/France Ville: Haut. par Béa » Ven Mar 11, 2011 6:14 pm . ... J'habite face au parc du château de Gisors et on entend chouettes et hiboux, c'est pour cela que je ferme bien les fenêtres, les volets la nuit.
Comme toutes les belles histoires ont une fin, il est temps de vous annoncer que cette semaine, sera la dernière où vous nous retrouverez toutes les deux 😉.. Des le 1er Septembre, Tiphanie commencera une toute nouvelle aventure sans nous 😇.De toutes nouvelles pages dans son livre, qui, je l' espère seront aussi belles que les 8 années que nous avons passés ensemble.
22. Nov. 2021 The latest Tweets from Thibo (@Thibo_CR). 📱Player for @ESR_eSport 📈 Analyst for @EDFFfeminine_ & @ESR_eSport 👨‍🎨 CR Graphic Designer
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a

Only in posterior internal capsules.


PKU, phenylketonuria; MS, Multiple Sclerosis; ROI, region of interest; LT 2 F: Long T 2 fraction.




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Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Pathology & Laboratory and Medicine (Neuropathology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Pathology & Laboratory and Medicine (Neuropathology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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To describe what, if any, specific long T 2 -related abnormalities occur in the white matter of subjects with either phenylketonuria (PKU) or multiple sclerosis (MS).
The 48-echo T 2 relaxation data (maximum TE = 1.12 sec) were acquired from 15 PKU subjects, 20 MS subjects, and 15 healthy volunteers. Regions of interest were drawn in diffuse white matter hyperintensities (DiffWM), lesions, normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), and normal white matter. Long T 2 maps (200 msec < T 2 < 800 msec) were created for each subject.
A new water reservoir with a markedly prolonged T 2 peak was identified in DiffWM and NAWM in 12 out of 15 subjects with PKU and a long T 2 signal was also seen in 23/97 lesions in 50% of subjects with MS. Additionally, a long T 2 component was observed in the corticospinal tracts of 10 healthy volunteers. The characteristics of the long T 2 signal were unique for each subject group. Potential sources of this signal include vacuolation and increases in extracellular water.
This study supports the usefulness of increasing the data acquisition window of the multiecho T 2 relaxation sequence to better characterize the T 2 decay from pathological brain. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1117–1121. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE T 2 relaxation measurements in white matter have the potential to provide specific information about the pathological damage that occurs in the brains of people with neurodegenerative diseases. Multiecho T 2 relaxation measurements in healthy human brain can separate the water signal into three components: 1) a very long T 2 component (>2 sec) attributed to cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), 2) an intermediate T 2 component (≈80 msec) attributed to intra- and extracellular water, and 3) a short T 2 component (≈20 msec) assigned to water trapped between the myelin bilayers (labeled myelin water ) ( 1 , 2 ). Such multiecho experiments have been used extensively to characterize myelin water and total water content in both healthy and diseased white matter ( 2 - 9 ). Previous T 2 relaxation work in phenylketonuria (PKU) and multiple sclerosis (MS) have suggested abnormalities in brain water content and myelin water fraction (MWF) for both normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and lesions ( 3 - 5 , 7 , 9 , 10 ).
Accurate multiecho measurement and analysis of the T 2 decay curve has the potential to identify other water reservoirs and characterize additional signal arising from white matter pathology such as edema or inflammation. To better define the intermediate and long T 2 components, important for the characterization of abnormal white matter, the total acquisition time of our multiecho T 2 relaxation sequence was lengthened from 320 msec to 1.120 sec ( 11 , 12 ). The purpose of this study was to describe what, if any, specific long T 2 -related abnormalities occur in the white matter of subjects with PKU and MS.
Fifteen subjects with PKU (6 male, 9 female; mean age = 27 years; range 18–40 years), 20 subjects with clinically definite MS (14 relapsing-remitting, 3 secondary-progressive, 2 relapsing-progressive, 1 benign; 15 female, 5 male; median Expanded Disability Status Scale = 2.5 (range 1.0–8.0); mean age = 38 years (range 23–54 years); mean disease duration = 10.5 years (range 1–35 years)) and 15 healthy volunteers (6 male, 9 female; mean age = 27 years; range 19–39 years) underwent MR examinations. All subjects with PKU had been prescribed a low PHE diet from birth and had been maintained on the diet for at least 2 years prior to the study, although compliance with this diet was highly variable. Informed written consent as approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Board of our institution was obtained for all subjects.
MR examinations were conducted using a transmit/receive head coil on a 1.5T GE Echo Speed scanner (Milwaukee, WI) operating at the 5.7 software level. After a sagittal localizer, either axial proton density/T 2 -weighted (PKU and healthy subjects, repetition time [TR] = 2500 msec, echo time [TE] = 30/80 msec) or axial fast-FLAIR (MS subjects, TR = 10,000 msec, inversion time [TI] = 2200 msec, TE = 145 msec) images were acquired. This was followed by a 48-echo modified multiecho sequence with variable TR, consisting of a 90° slice-selective pulse followed by 48 rectangular composite 180° pulses flanked by slice-selective crusher gradient pulses for elimination of signal from outside the slice (TR 2120–3800 msec, echo spacing for first 32 echoes = 10 msec, last 16 echoes = 50 msec, 5 mm thick, 4 averages, matrix = 128 × 128 [PKU, healthy subjects], 256 × 128 [MS]) ( 11 ). The TR was 3800 msec for the k = 0 line and was decreased linearly to 2120 msec at the highest positive and negative k lines. For the multiecho T 2 relaxation measurement, a single axial slice through the base of the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum was acquired for PKU and healthy subjects, while the slice location for MS was chosen to include the maximal amount of lesional white matter.
Regions of interest (ROIs) were outlined around five normal or normal-appearing white matter areas in both hemispheres (minor forceps, major forceps, genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, and posterior internal capsules) in healthy subjects (NWM) and PKU (NAWM PKU ). ROIs were also drawn around diffuse white matter abnormalities in PKU (DiffWM, white matter lesions showing hyperintense signal in T 2 -weighted images) as well as around lesions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM MS ) in subjects with MS.
The larger the μ parameter, the more the routine smoothes the T 2 distribution at the cost of misfit. For the case of μ = 0, χ would result and the T 2 distribution would consist of discrete spikes. Regularized smooth T 2 distributions were created by minimizing the above expression with the energy constraint of 1.02χ ≤ χ 2 ≤ 1.025χ .
A “Long-T 2 ” component fraction (LT 2 F) was calculated by integrating the T 2 distribution between 200 and 800 msec and dividing it by the total signal in the T 2 distribution. Long T 2 maps were created for each subject by calculating the LT 2 F for every voxel in the image. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for ROIs was calculated as the signal in the ROI divided by the standard deviation (SD) of the residuals of the NNLS fit. All errors are expressed as SDs.
Fourteen out of 15 subjects with PKU exhibited DiffWM areas in both the minor and major forceps. Fifty-six DiffWM ROIs were drawn, in addition to 149 ROIs of NAWM PKU in the five white matter structures outlined in Materials and Methods . A total of 97 lesions and 97 NAWM MS areas were examined in the 20 MS subjects. One hundred forty-six NWM ROIs from healthy subjects were also outlined. The average SNR from the PKU and control ROIs (128 × 128 matrix) was 778 (143), while from MS (256 × 128 matrix) it was 523 (154).
No Long-T 2 signals were found in four of the five white matter ROIs from healthy volunteers. However, the Long-T 2 maps from 10 of the 15 healthy volunteers exhibited small focal regions of signal in the center of the posterior internal capsules, as shown in Fig. 1 a. The average size of the LT 2 F was 0.045 (0.017).
PD/T 2 weighted images from a healthy subject ( a ), a PKU subject ( b ), and two MS subjects ( c,d ) with corresponding T 2 distributions for NWM, DiffWM, NAWM PKU , lesion, and NAWM MS , respectively. A Long-T 2 map is also shown for each case. White arrows mark the area of Long-T 2 signal centered in the posterior internal capsules in the healthy volunteer's Long-T 2 map.
A new, additional peak with T 2 between 200 and 800 msec was identified in 46/56 DiffWM regions in 12 out of 15 PKU subjects, as well as in 25/149 NAWM PKU areas from the same 12 of the 15 PKU subjects (Fig. 1 b). For DiffWM, the Long-T 2 peak contained, on average, 9% of the water in the ROI (LT 2 F = 0.078, SD = 0.018; and 0.105, SD = 0.022 for DiffWM in the minor and major forceps, respectively) and was clearly distinguishable from the main T 2 peak at ≈70–100 msec and from the CSF peak (>2 sec). The average NAWM PKU LT 2 F was 0.037 (SD = 0.028). The PKU subject in Fig. 1 b shows an extra isolated T 2 peak at ≈300 msec in both the major forceps DiffWM and minor forceps NAWM PKU 1.
A Long-T 2 signal was also observed in 23 out of 97 MS lesions in 10 out of 20 MS subjects and in 5 out of 97 NAWM MS areas in 2 subjects (Fig. 1 c,d). For MS lesions, a wide heterogeneity was observed in LT 2 F, with a median value of 0.127 (SD = 0.062, range 0.002–0.998). A small LT 2 F was observed in NAWM MS (average fraction 0.0418, SD = 0.0008). Only 2/23 Long-T 2 MS lesions showed an additional peak, while the remaining Long-T 2 signal lesions arose from a general T 2 broadening of the intra- and extracellular reservoir (Fig. 1 d). This T 2 measurement, however, is unable to distinguish between water reservoirs with similar T 2 times. Table 1 summarizes results from healthy volunteers, PKU, and MS subjects.
By increasing the total data acquisition window of our multiecho T 2 relaxation sequence from 320 msec to 1.120 sec, we were able to identify Long-T 2 signal abnormalities in the white matter of subjects with PKU and MS. The observed signal with a markedly prolonged T 2 (200–800 msec) was identified in lesions and NAWM in 12 out 15 subjects with PKU and in 10 out of 20 subjects with MS, but was not observed in any healthy volunteers except for the small focal regions involving the posterior internal capsules. The origin of this Long-T 2 signal is unknown; however, potential sources include vacuolation or increases in the
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