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Alternate titles: Barcinona, Barjelūnah, Colonia Faventia Julia Augusta Pia Barcino
By
Timothy John Connell
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Last Updated:
Jul 21, 2022
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Centuries ago, people in Southeast Asia developed a fermented fish sauce called ke-tchup . British traders brought the sauce to England, where variations were made using ingredients like mushrooms and walnuts, until tomato prevailed in the 19th century.
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Barcelona , city, seaport, and capital of Barcelona provincia (province) and of Catalonia comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northeastern Spain , located 90 miles (150 km) south of the French border. It is Spain’s major Mediterranean port and commercial centre and is famed for its individuality, cultural interest, and physical beauty.
On his visit to the city in 1862, Hans Christian Andersen remarked that Barcelona was the “Paris of Spain.” The city is indeed a major cultural centre with a remarkable history. It abounds with archives, libraries, museums, and buildings of interest, featuring superb examples of Modernist and Art Nouveau decor and architecture. Since the late 1970s, with the official recognition of the Catalan language and the granting of significant levels of regional self-government, cultural life has been revitalized, bringing with it a new awareness of the depth and variety of Catalan culture . This vitality combines with the striking physical setting of Barcelona—between scenic mountains and the Mediterranean Sea , with a benign climate that fosters street life—and its significance as an economic power and a major port to create a city of infinite variety. Area city, 38 square miles (98 square km); metropolitan area , 1,249 square miles (3,235 square km). Pop. (2011) 1,611,013; (2018 est.) 1,620,343.
Barcelona, facing the Mediterranean to the southeast, is located on a plain generally confined by the Besós River (north), the Llobregat River (south), the rocky outcrop of Montjuich (567 feet [173 metres] high), and the semicircle of mountains of which Tibidabo (1,680 feet [512 metres]) is the highest point. Throughout its past Barcelona has had to contend with the consequences of its strategic location and political significance. The city was heavily fortified and did not spread much beyond its medieval confines until the 19th century, a factor that contributed to the emergence of industrial satellite suburbs and towns around the city proper. This combination of a concentrated core with a highly developed industrial belt has made Barcelona one of the most congested cities in the world.
Although Barcelona is sometimes windy, its protective semicircle of mountains shields it from the harsh, cold winds that blow out of the north and west. The average annual temperature is 61 °F (16 °C); January is the coldest month, averaging 49 °F (9 °C), and August is the hottest, at 76 °F (24 °C). Precipitation amounts to about 23 inches (600 mm) per year.
At the core of the city lies the Gothic Quarter. Located between the Ramblas, a series of connected boulevards, going southeastward to the sea, and the Via Laietana, it is a close-packed maze of narrow streets punctuated by magnificent medieval buildings. The cathedral, episcopal palace, and churches bear witness to Barcelona’s importance as a religious centre. The government buildings—such as the Palace of the Generalitat (the seat of the autonomous community of Catalonia), a 14th–15th-century building with Baroque and Neoclassical facades, and the Royal Palace—attest to the city’s importance as an administrative capital. The Roman walls survive in places largely because stretches of them were incorporated into the medieval city, and the wall built in the 13th century along the Ramblas effectively hemmed it in. The defenses that played such a large part in the battle for Barcelona during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14) were augmented by the construction of a citadel after the city was taken.
By the mid-19th century the need for elaborate defenses had passed, and the city was bursting at the seams. Accordingly, plans were devised to extend the city. The final plans were based on geometric blocks, allowing for open spaces, greenery, and social areas. The area into which the town expanded, now called L’Eixample (“the Extension”), was open land left originally to give a clear field of fire from the city walls. Unfortunately, the plans were not carried out completely, and within 30 years the open areas were exploited, causing the density of buildings to triple. The city expanded following the annexing of the old municipalities surrounding Barcelona. Urban sprawl and uncontrolled development during the Francisco Franco era added to the congestion. The 1992 Olympic Games allowed for some renovation of deteriorated and poorly planned areas.
For the visitor, the main attraction still tends to be in the city centre, particularly around the Ramblas . The famous promenade is separated from L’Eixample by the monumental Catalunya Square, and it leads down to the port and the Portal de la Pau Square, where the Christopher Columbus monument stands in commemoration of the discovery of America and the explorer’s announcement of it in Barcelona. The Ramblas form one of the most delightful aspects of the city, their broad, tree-lined centre strips given over to a series of stalls and kiosks selling items such as flowers, pets, and books and newspapers.
The skyline of the modern city inevitably reflects the style of the present age, but Barcelona has always attracted distinguished and original architects. Some people find the more modern buildings along the Diagonal quite striking, but little of it can compare to the work of the Catalan sculptor and architect Antoni Gaudí , whose huge and elaborate Expiatory Temple of the Holy Family (Sagrada Família) has become a symbol of the city itself. He made a number of other notable contributions, including the multistory apartment buildings Casa Batlló, Casa Milá (La Pedrera), and Güell Park. Other architects, such as Luis Doménechi Montaner, produced remarkable structures in the modernist style, such as the Music Palace, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1997.
Info Barcelona
BCN Map
BCN Guide
Procedures
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Getting there
Info Barcelona
BCN Map
BCN Guide
Procedures
Useful phone numbers
Getting there
Where: CaixaForum Centre Social i Cultural When: From 06/07/2022 to 31/08/2022
Where: Diferents carrers de Sants When: From 20/08/2022 to 28/08/2022
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Get the best out of summer and discover everything it has to offer from June to September.
The city's school playgrounds are opening up to the public as spaces for families, kids and teenagers outside school hours, during weekends and holidays.
The service enables users to talk about emotional suffering and distress in a confidential and instant way.
Boost your recycling with the new street-cleaning service, adapted to each neighbourhood.
Get the best out of summer and discover everything it has to offer from June to September.
The city's school playgrounds are opening up to the public as spaces for families, kids and teenagers outside school hours, during weekends and holidays.
The city's school playgrounds are opening up to the public as spaces for families, kids and teenagers outside school hours, during weekends and holidays.
The service enables users to talk about emotional suffering and distress in a confidential and instant way.
Boost your recycling with the new street-cleaning service, adapted to each neighbourhood.
Get the best out of summer and discover everything it has to offer from June to September.
All you need to make your day-to-day life in the city easier
Find the best way to travel and get about in Barcelona
Tools related to the world of work, business and entrepreneurship
All the activities and places that enable you to make the most of your city
Discover Barcelona’s points of interest, popular culture and history.
Learn about initiatives for creation, innovation and transformation in the city
A fair, inclusive and varied summer-holidays campaign
Exhibition on at the CCCB until 28 August
Temporary exhibition at the Egyptian Museum
Together we all take care of Barcelona
A fair, inclusive and varied summer-holidays campaign
Exhibition on at the CCCB until 28 August
Temporary exhibition at the Egyptian Museum
Together we all take care of Barcelona
Business. With a budget of 2.5 million euros, the document includes measures to support the sector following the complicated moments faced as a result of the pandemic.
Employment. The BCNFemTech programme achieved 72% labour insertion in its first three editions.
Commerce and markets. The renovation work will be carried out in the parking and logistic areas and on the sales floors.
Environment and sustainability. Current levels of NO2 and PM10 are 40% and 13% lower than those recorded at the pollution monitoring station in L’Eixample. Decibel levels have also been reduced from 74 to 65 decibels.
Animal welfare. The Barcelona Pet Shelter took in 20% fewer animals in the first half of the year, compared to the same period last year.
Music and shows. Intimate cultural events for summer nights.
Popular culture. A week of concerts, dancing, communal meals, human-tower displays and activities to suit all tastes.
Join the “Gaudir més” programme and make the most of its discounts, free admission and advantages for enjoying your city’s various spaces.
Step into the city’s districts and neighbourhoods, and enjoy its attractions: urban areas, cultural and architectural heritage, nature areas, leisure, study centres or museums.
Find out what services are available to help you get around the city and discover how mobility is changing in Barcelona and becoming healthier, safer, more sustainable and better-connected.
Montjuïc mountain is a big green space in Barcelona offering everyone sports, leisure and cultural facilities. Discover the park and enjoy it!
Barcelona backs the democratisation and social recognition of care work and haçs opened Barcelona Cuida, a centre promoting networking and exchanges between people involved in care in the city. Find out more!
Psychological support service for teenagers and young people between the ages of 12 and 22, also offering advice for professionals on mental health matters. Konsulta’m is extending its service to the adult population in six of the city’s districts.
Discover Barcelona’s traditions, popular culture and enchanting spots, as well as initiatives and programmes to preserve the memory of our past.
The City Council is fostering and promoting the Social and Solidarity Economy with resources that include training, support, economic aid, responsible public procurement and the allocation of venues and materials. Find out all about it!
This is a pioneering municipal service run by the Catalan LGBTI Organisations Platform, offering an extensive range of information, guidance, direct-assistance and awareness-raising services. Check out the on-site and virtual agenda!
Barcelona City Council has a free dental service for people in vulnerable situations referred by Barcelona’s social services.
Discover the tools being offered by the city for promoting employment, business care and entrepreneurship.Working in Barcelona.
The city is launching a new strategy for defeating racism and debunking the prejudices and clichés we find around us, thanks to support from the Office for Non-Discrimination. Come and join us!
Enjoy the sound and light display at the Magic Fountain in Montjuïc. Find out about display times, the range of sequences and much more.
Thanks to an initiative called Barcelona Llibres, the City Council is putting an extensive catalogue of publications on a range of subjects and in various formats at your disposal. These include publications on culture, art, sports, history, the city, politics, urban planning and economics.
Find out about the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the environmental, social, economic and institutional fields and get involved.
A human-rights defence service you can turn to if you are experiencing or have experienced any form of discrimination or hate crime, especially on the grounds of origins, cultural or religious affiliation, sexual orientation or gender identity.
The city’s parks and gardens transform it into a living, breathing space. You’ll find them all here. Explore and enjoy them!
Find out about women’s support services and the resources available to combat discrimination and sexist violence and promote gender equality.
All the city’s activities you can imagine are at your fingertips in the BCN Guide: music, shows, festive holidays, courses, workshops, and much more.
Get involved in promoting healthy and sustainable diets and boosting local economies!
Find out about all the free and confidential prevention and assistance services available to women in a gender-violence situation.
The City Council offers citizens its current photographic archive, with thousands of images of Barcelona. The Barcelona Images site includes various galleries by subject: popular culture, the effects of Covid-19, public spaces and much more.
Programme aimed at reducing inequalities between Barcelona neighbourhoods, backing access to income, services, urban quality and welfare.
Look up all city addresses, services and facilities on the new Barcelona map .
Consulting the calendar for local holidays
General information about Covid-19.
Consulting the calendar for local holidays
General information about Covid-19.
Consulting the calendar for local holidays
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