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91310, 91321–91322, 91350–91351, 91354–91355, 91380–91387 и 91390
Санта-Клари́та (англ. Santa Clarita) — город в штате Калифорния, США. Расположен в округе Лос-Анджелес.
Санта-Кларита была образована в декабре 1987 года как объединение нескольких поселений.
В 2010 году количество проживающих составляло 176 320 человек[1], , а в 2018 году его численность увеличилась до 210 089 человек. По количеству проживающих, город занимает 4-е место в округе и 24-е — в штате.
По оценке журнала «Деньги» в 2006 году город занимает 18-е место в рейтинге "100 лучших мест для проживания" [2]
Климат в городе — средиземноморского типа. Средние температуры в течение года находятся в диапазоне от 2 °C до 36 °C, среднегодовая от 6,7 °C до 25,8 °C. Среднегодовой уровень осадков составляет 354,6 мм.
Река Санта-Клара была названа испанскими исследователями в честь Святой Клары Ассизской . Долина и поселение позже стали известны как "маленькая Санта-Клара", в честь северной калифорнийской миссии и города Санта-Клара, штат Калифорния. Со временем «маленькая Санта-Клара» превратилась в Санта-Клариту." [3]
По данным бюро переписи населения этнический состав города состоял из 48,3% белых , 10,9% азиатов , 4,2% афроамериканцев и 0,9% коренных американцев, латиноамериканцы составили 32,3% [4] Средний доход домохозяйств в городе составил $90,544. [5]
По данным бюро переписи населения 2010 года[6] , жители города Санта-Клариты составляли 176 320 человека. Плотность населения - 3 340,6 человек на квадратный километр. Расовый состав города составляет 70.9% белых (56.1% неиспаноязычных белых)[7], 3.2% афроамериканцев, 0.6% американских индейцев, 8.5% азиатов (3.4% филиппийцы, 1.7%, корейцы, 0.8% индийцы, 0.8% китайцы, 0.6% японцы, 0.3% вьетнамцы, 0.9% другой азиаты), испаноговорящие составили 51 941 человека любой расы (29,5% населения).
По данным госсекретаря штата Калифорния, по состоянию на 10 февраля 2019 года в Санта-Кларите зарегистрировано 135 052 избирателя. Из них 46 096 (34,1%) - зарегистрированные демократы , 45 725 (33,9%) - зарегистрированные республиканцы и 35 764 (26,5%) - отказавшиеся заявить о политической партии. [8]
Город Санта-Кларита управляется Советом. Городской совет состоит из пяти членов, избираемых от одномандатных округов на четырехлетний срок. Каждый год совет выбирает одного из своих членов на должность мэра, что является в значительной степени церемониальной должностью. Избранным советом является: [9]
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Santa Clara, California in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Clockwise: Aerial view of Santa Clarita; Packard Humanities Institute; Brideport Lake Park; La Loma de los Vientos historic estate; Westfield Valencia Town Center.
Location of Santa Clarita in California and Los Angeles County
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3rd in Los Angeles County
21st in California
107th in the United States
91310, 91321–91322, 91350–91351, 91354–91355, 91380–91387, 91390
Santa Clarita (/ˌsæntə kləˈriːtə/) is a city in northwestern Los Angeles County, California. With an estimated 2019 population of 212,979, it is the third-largest city by population in Los Angeles County, and the 21st-largest in the state of California.[7][8] It is located about 30 miles (48 km) northwest of downtown Los Angeles, and occupies 70.75 square miles (183.2 km2)[5] of land in the Santa Clarita Valley, along the Santa Clara River. It is a noted example of a U.S. edge city,[10] satellite city,[11] or boomburb.[12]
Human settlement of the Santa Clarita Valley dates back to the arrival of the Tataviam tribe circa 450 AD. Many Native American tribes occupied the valley in the coming centuries. Spanish colonists arrived in the area in the late 18th century. When Mexico took control of Alta California, the Rancho San Francisco was established, covering much of the Santa Clarita Valley. Henry Mayo Newhall purchased the Rancho San Francisco in 1875 and established the communities of Saugus and Newhall. The Newhall Land and Farming Company played a major role in the city's development. In December 1987, the city of Santa Clarita was incorporated, encompassing the communities of Canyon Country, Newhall, Saugus, and Valencia.[13] The four communities retain separate identities, and residents commonly refer to one of them when asked where they are from. Santa Clarita is bounded on the west by the Golden State Freeway (I-5). The Antelope Valley Freeway (CA-14) runs northeast–southwest forming part of the city's irregular east boundary. The two freeways meet at Newhall Pass, near the city's southernmost point.
The city is home to three institutions of higher education: California Institute of the Arts, an internationally renowned art university; The Master's University, a Christian liberal arts university; and College of the Canyons, a community college. Santa Clarita has a low crime rate and high-ranking schools, and is one of the state's fastest-growing cities. Six Flags Magic Mountain amusement park and Stevenson Ranch are both commonly associated with Santa Clarita. However, they are both located west of Interstate 5 and are thus outside the Santa Clarita city limits.
The Santa Clara River was named by Spanish explorers for Saint Clare of Assisi. The valley and the settlement later became known as "little Santa Clara," ("Santa Clarita", in the Spanish diminutive), to distinguish it from the Northern Californian city of Santa Clara[14] and its accompanying Mission Santa Clara. The Santa Clarita Valley similarly differentiates itself from the Santa Clara Valley in Northern California. The region was not widely referred to as Santa Clarita until the 1950s; before this it was unofficially referred to as the "Newhall-Saugus area" and the "Bonelli tract," after a family which owned land in the valley.[15]
The Santa Clarita Valley has been settled for centuries before European settlement. About AD 450, the Tataviam arrived, numbering around 2,000 at their zenith. Other indigenous cultures occupied the area in succession.
In the 18th century, Spanish colonists arrived in southern California including Santa Clarita, founding mission settlements. The Mission San Fernando was founded in 1797 in present-day Mission Hills, just 9 miles (14 km) south of Newhall.[16] In 1822, Alta California, which included most of the present-day southwestern United States including all of California, became a territory of the newly independent country of Mexico.
The 48,612-acre (196.73 km2) Rancho San Francisco land grant was issued by Juan Bautista Alvarado, governor of Alta California, to Mexican army officer Antonio del Valle.[17] It was an agricultural area serving the nearby Mission San Fernando.
In 1842, Francisco Lopez made the first documented discovery of gold in California, when it was still part of Mexico. The event is memorialized in an 1842 mining claim issued by Governor Alvarado. The discovery was made in Placerita Canyon.[18] The Oak of the Golden Dream remains an attraction for tourists. Beginning in the mid-20th century, this area was used as Hollywood's original back lot when the area was developed by movie studios. (see Santa Clarita, California#Movie ranches)
The United States acquired California in 1848, after winning the Mexican-American War. The community of Newhall is named after Henry Newhall,[19] an American businessman who made his fortune during the California Gold Rush. He founded the H.M. Newhall & Company, a successful auction house in San Francisco. Newhall's next business interest was railroads. He invested in rail companies that would connect San Francisco to other cities and became president of the San Francisco and San Jose Railroad. In 1870, he and his partners sold the company to Southern Pacific Railroad, and he served on SPR's board of directors.
From 1858 to 1861, the Santa Clarita Valley was used as a transportation corridor for the Butterfield Overland Mail stagecoach service as part of its first division, stretching from San Francisco to Los Angeles. Two Butterfield Overland Mail stations were located in the area: Lyons Station in Newhall, and King's Station in north Santa Clarita. Beale's Cut was constructed in 1859 through what is now known as the Newhall Pass.[20]
After railroads, Newhall turned to real estate and ranching. He purchased a number of the former Spanish and Mexican land grants in the state, amassing a total of 143,000 acres (58,000 ha) between Monterey and Los Angeles counties. The most significant portion was the Rancho San Francisco, which he purchased for $2/acre. It became known as Newhall Ranch after Newhall's death. Within this territory, Newhall granted a right-of-way to Southern Pacific through what is now Newhall Pass. He also sold the railroad part of the land, upon which the company built the town of Newhall. He moved the town south in 1879, and the original townsite was named Saugus, after Henry Newhall's hometown of Saugus, Massachusetts.
After his death, Newhall's heirs incorporated the Newhall Land and Farming Company in 1883. It oversaw the development of the communities that comprise present-day Santa Clarita, including the master-planned community of Valencia (in which it is headquartered), Canyon Country, and Newhall. The company also manages farm land elsewhere in the state.[21]
On September 5, 1876, Charles Crocker, president of the Southern Pacific Company, hammered a ceremonial spike into a railroad tie at Lang Southern Pacific Station in Canyon Country, marking the completion of the Southern Pacific Railroad, connecting Los Angeles to the rest of the nation for the first time.[22]
On September 26, 1876, the town of Mentryville was founded by Charles Alexander Mentry in present-day Stevenson Ranch. Mentryville's Pico Number 4 oil well in was the first commercially successful oil well in the western United States. Oil from Mentryville was refined at Pioneer Oil Refinery, the first viable oil refinery in the state.[23]
The Saugus Cafe, on Railroad Avenue in Saugus, was established in 1887.[24] It it the oldest continuously operating restaurant in Los Angeles County.[25]
Los Angeles studios began filming in Santa Clarita shortly after the turn of the 20th century. Actors in these early films included William S. Hart, Tom Mix, Harry Carey, and a young John Wayne. Hart and Carey made their homes in the Santa Clarita Valley; today both their former estates are operated as county parks.
The Santa Clarita Valley was the scene of the second worst disaster in California's history in terms of lives lost, known as the "worst civil engineering failure of the 20th century". Shortly before midnight on March 12, 1928, the St. Francis Dam collapsed. By the time the floodwaters reached the Pacific Ocean near Ventura five hours later, nearly 600 people had died. Some buildings in Newhall became makeshift morgues.[26]
In 1966, William V. Fowler, Grand Leader of the California Knights of the Ku Klux Klan organized a reactivation rally in Soledad Canyon. Fowler sought to reactivate the KKK in California, where it was banned by law since 1964. The rally took place on U.S. Forest Service property and included a cross burning.[27]
After multiple failed attempts to form a city and at least two failed attempts to form a separate county, residents of the Santa Clarita Valley finally incorporated the City of Santa Clarita on December 15, 1987. The proposal passed by a margin of two to one in that year's general election.[13] The other proposed name for the new city, which was narrowly defeated, was "City of the Canyons."[13]
Santa Clarita was heavily affected by the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The Newhall Pass interchange of I-5 and CA-14 completely collapsed, and commuters to Los Angeles were forced to use Sierra Highway. Several other roads throughout the city were closed due to structural damage. The Four Corners oil spill led to contamination of the Santa Clara River. Electricity was temporarily shut off for the entire valley, and schools were closed. The National Guard was sent to the area, and City Hall was temporarily relocated.[28]
Santa Clarita was ranked in 2006 by Money magazine as 18th of the 100 best places to live in the United States.[29]
On November 14, 2019, a mass shooting took place at Saugus High School in Saugus. That morning, a 16-year-old student used a pistol to murder two students and injure three others, before turning his gun on himself. The shooter succumbed to his injuries the following day in the hospital.[30]
Santa Clarita, according to the United States Census Bureau, covers an area of 70.82 square miles (183.4 km2), of which 70.75 square miles (183.2 km2) is land and 0.07 square miles (0.18 km2) (0.10%) is water. Nearly half of the city's land area has been acquired via annexations; the city's area at the time of incorporation was just 39.09 square miles (101.2 km2).[31]
Santa Clarita lies within the Santa Clarita Valley, bounded by the San Gabriel Mountains to the east, the Santa Susana Mountains to the south and west, and the Sierra Pelona Mountains to the north, all part of the Transverse Ranges. The Santa Clara River passes through the city from east to west; it is usually dry and flows only after episodes of heavy rainfall. Within the surrounding mountains are hiking trails including Agua Dulce Canyon, Central Park, East Walker Ranch, Elsmere Canyon, Golden Valley Ranch, Haskell Canyon Open Space, Quigley Canyon, East Canyon, Fish Canyon, San Francisquito Open Space, Tapia Canyon, Towsley Canyon, and Wildwood Canyon.[32] The city limits extend into the Angeles National Forest.[33] The Newhall Pass is located at the southern end of the city, south of Newhall and north of the San Fernando Valley community of Sylmar.
The Santa Clara River and its tributaries carve numerous canyons around the Santa Clarita Valley. Many streets in the region are named after these canyons, including Bouquet Canyon Road, Soledad Canyon Road, San Francisquito Canyon Road, Sand Canyon Road, Wiley Canyon Road, Hasley Canyon Road, Plum Canyon Road, Whites Canyon Road, Haskell Canyon Road, Pico Canyon Road, Vasquez Canyon Road, Placerita Canyon Road, and Rye Canyon Road. The Santa Clara River itself flows through Soledad Canyon, forming a natural boundary between the San Gabriel and Sierra Pelona mountain ranges.
Santa Clarita is near the San Fernando fault zone and was affected by the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, also known as the Sylmar quake. The city was also affected by the 1994 Northridge earthquake, and many commercial and residential buildings were devastated by its aftermath, including the nearby Interstate 5 and California State Route 14, the Westfield Valencia Town Center, and Six Flags Magic Mountain.[28]
Santa Clarita falls within nine ZIP codes (see below) and lies within telephone area code 661. It is the southernmost city within area code 661.[35]
Places adjacent to Santa Clarita, California
Santa Clarita experiences hot, very dry summers and cool winters with moderate precipitation. During the summer, hot weather is predominant with occasional high humidity and cumulus buildups over the higher terrain surrounding the valley. Thunderstorms occasionally occur during influxes of monsoonal moisture in the summer as well as during Pacific storms in the winter. Due to its close proximity to the Mojave Desert (High Desert) and Pacific Ocean, and the city's wide range of elevations, varying micro-climates are common. There is a large degree of diurnal temperature variation, especially in the summer. According to the Koppen climate classification, Santa Clarita experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa), bordering on a cold semi-arid climate (Bsk).
Characterized by dry hills covered in brush and chaparral, late summer and early autumn are often referred to as "fire season." Moreover, wildfire activity occurs throughout the year during drought conditions, such as during the December 2017 Southern California wildfires. Wildfire risk is strongest when Santa Ana winds blow through the area from the Mojave Desert. The warmest months are July and August, although it is not unusual for Santa Clarita to experience summer-like weather in October. During this time, average high temperatures are in the 90s Fahrenheit (32–38 °C), but can rise to well over 100 °F (38 °C) during heat waves. Temperatures have reached 115 °F (46 °C) as recently as September 6, 2020.[36] Winters are mild, with temperatures dropping below freezing occasionally on clear winter nights. Rain falls primarily from December through March; snow is rare but can fall in small quantities during the winter. Snowfall is more common in the mountains surrounding the city. Santa Clarita lies within USDA plant hardiness zone 9b.[37] Santa Clarita's average temperatures are more extreme than in downtown Los Angeles but less extreme than in the Antelope Valley.
The city of Santa Clarita consists of four distinct communities:
Outlying unincorporated neighborhoods include:
The Santa Clarita area falls within nine ZIP codes, in addition to five others for specific PO boxes:[39]
Historically, Santa Clarita's population has been predominantly non-Hispanic white. Since its founding, the proportion of white residents has decreased as Hispanic, Asian, and black Americans have moved into the city. The non-Hispanic white percentage of the population has dropped from 80.6% in 1990 to 47.2% in 2019. When white Hispanics are included, the percentage has fallen from 87.3% in 1990 to 72.6% in 2019. Non-Hispanic whites remain the largest ethnic group in the city, and Santa Clarita's non-Hispanic white percentage is higher than the California statewide average (36.8%)[42] but lower than the national average of 60.4%.[43]
Santa Clarita's population growth rate outpaces county, state, and national averages. In 2019, Santa Clarita was ranked 20th out of 515 U.S. cities in population and economic growth, and was second among California cities.[44] During the 2010 census, Santa Clarita was the fourth-largest city in Los Angeles County, however it has since surpassed Glendale as the county's third-largest city. It is the largest city in northern Los Angeles County.[45] The city's median household income of $99,666 is higher than both statewide and national averages.[46] ZIP code 91321 (Newhall) is the only ZIP code in the city with a median household income below the statewide average.
The 2019 American Community Survey reported that the city's population was 212,979. The ethnic composition was 72.6% White (47.2% non-Hispanic white), 34.6% Hispanics (of any race), 10.4% Asian American, 4.9% Black or African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 8.3% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races.[48] The median household income in the city was $99,666, and the median family income was $113,167. 5.3% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line.[46]
20.8% of the city's population was born outside the United States.[49] Among residents 25 years of age and older, 36.9% had a bachelor's degree or higher.[50]
The 2010 United States Census[52] reported that Santa Clarita had a population of 176,320. The population density was 3,340.6 people per square mile (1,289.8/km2). The racial makeup of Santa Clarita was 125,005 (7
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