BELARUSIAN CENTRAL COUNCIL
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Belarusian Democratic Republic
The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR; Belarusian: Беларуская Народная Рэспубліка, romanized: Biełaruskaja Narodnaja Respublika, БНР), also known as the Belarusian Democratic Republic, was a state proclaimed by the Council of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in its Second Constituent Charter on 9 March 1918 during World War I. The Council proclaimed the Belarusian Democratic Republic independent in its Third Constituent Charter on 25 March 1918 during the occupation of contemporary Belarus by the Imperial German Army. The government of the Belarusian Democratic Republic never had power over the whole territory of Belarus. In 1919, it co-existed with an alternative Soviet Russia-controlled Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia (which later became part of the Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic), moving its seat of government to Vilnius and Hrodna, but ceased to exist due to the partition of the whole Belarusian territory between the Bolshevik Red Army and the Polish Armed Forces as a result of the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921. The idea of creating a new Belarusian state was proposed in December 1917 by a group of delegates at the First All-Belarusian Congress in Minsk, but the congress was dispersed by the Bolsheviks. Just a few hours before Minsk was occupied by troops of the German Empire on February 21, the Executive Committee of the All-Belarusian Congress, through its First Constituent Charter, declared itself the authority in the region and formed a provisional government (the People's Secretariat). On March 25, under conditions of German occupation, the Third Constituent Charter proclaimed Belarus an independent and free state. After Germany’s defeat in the World War and the annulment of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, German forces began to withdraw from the occupied territories. By December 1918, units of the Red Army had already entered Minsk. The government of the Belarusian People's Republic (BNR) continued its activities in exile. In October 1925, the All-Belarusian Political Conference in Berlin announced the dissolution of the BNR. Many prominent figures of the BNR — A. Smolich, V. Lastouski, A. Tsviakevich, J. Liosik, and others — returned to the Byelorussian SSR, only to be later repressed. Currently, its government in exile, the Rada (Council) of the Belarusian Democratic Republic is the oldest still functioning government in exile.
In connection with: Belarusian Democratic Republic
Title combos: Belarusian Democratic Belarusian Republic Democratic
Description combos: occupation the Republic state its government Smolich Congress First Brest Socialist government All Belarus Republic defeat proclaimed German the Soviet before only 25 of World but the The had the BNR in of and whole ceased group government 1919 of existed of on of territory of People state Constituent the result on German during independent БНР group Currently The 1921 of before German it in its Charter returned of by German Charter of but occupied controlled occupation Belarusian Army Republic March
The Belarusian Central Council (Belarusian: Беларуская цэнтральная рада, romanized: Biełaruskaja centralnaja rada; German: Weißruthenischer Zentralrat) was a puppet administrative body in German-occupied Belarus during World War II. It was established by Nazi Germany within Reichskommissariat Ostland in 1943–44, following requests by collaborationist Belarusian politicians hoping to create a Belarusian state with German support.
In connection with: Belarusian Central Council
Title combos: Belarusian Central Belarusian Central Council
Description combos: цэнтральная support Zentralrat The Ostland The рада with within Central Weißruthenischer requests romanized World in German Belarusian Reichskommissariat by to Беларуская in Belarus support romanized Reichskommissariat Council Weißruthenischer collaborationist Belarusian established Ostland administrative Belarusian in rada German рада The politicians by цэнтральная with German German World administrative established Belarusian Council Belarusian body Weißruthenischer The with collaborationist The in цэнтральная Council Council Central II цэнтральная was politicians centralnaja Council Zentralrat War politicians during within Беларуская requests рада politicians German centralnaja 44 It
Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
The Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (Belarusian: Беларуская аўтакефальная праваслаўная царква, Bielaruskaja aŭtakiefaĺnaja pravaslaŭnaja carkva BAPC), sometimes abbreviated as B.A.O. Church or BAOC, is an independent Eastern Orthodox church, unrecognized by the mainstream Eastern Orthodox communion. Due to persecution against the Church in the Republic of Belarus, it exists either underground or abroad. The church separated from the Russian Orthodox Church on 23 July 1922, in an attempt to revive a national church in the territory of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic which before the partitions of Poland existed as eparchies (diocese) of Orthodox Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and under Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Following the German occupation of Byelorussia, the church was re-established on 30 August 1942; the effort was supported by the Belarusian Central Council and the Polish Orthodox Church. With the advance of the Red Army in 1944, BAPC leaders largely immigrated to Germany. On 5 June 1948, bishops and members of the BAPC which had managed to escape from the Soviet Union met in Konstanz (on the Lake Constance) and reorganized their activities abroad with the help of its sister church the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church and its primate Polikarp (Sikorsky). The church is currently based in Brooklyn, New York City and is mainly active within the Belarusian diaspora. It has ten parishes: three in the United States, three in Australia, one in Canada, one in the United Kingdom and, since 2010, one in Belarus; it also has a mission in the United States. It has been led by Metropolitan Sviataslaw (Login) since 2008. Its activities in Belarus are strongly opposed by the Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Belarusian government.
In connection with: Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
Title combos: Belarusian Orthodox Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Autocephalous Belarusian Church Orthodox
Description combos: bishops Belarusian the States the and was Church Беларуская of 1922 1944 sister partitions carkva of Orthodox the Church escape is and was has mainly Autocephalous with largely 30 territory Socialist before BAPC was the Byelorussia of of 1942 German Orthodox met its in the the Following Беларуская The States Church as the attempt Belarusian immigrated of Council has Byelorussia sister re BAPC The immigrated or Council diaspora of church Eastern Church aŭtakiefaĺnaja within Church the Belarus Church July on to
The following is a list of flags of Belarus.
In connection with: List of Belarusian flags
Title combos: of flags flags List of List flags of Belarusian
Description combos: of of flags of flags The of Belarus following The following of flags list is Belarus of is following following Belarus list of of is Belarus The flags of list Belarus is The of of Belarus flags flags of is Belarus The list The following flags Belarus of flags The following is of of flags is The following of list The following is list of Belarus flags following of Belarus flags The is of is following flags The list Belarus of
Byelorussian collaboration with Nazi Germany
During World War II, some Belarusians collaborated with the invading Axis powers. Until the beginning of Operation Barbarossa in 1941, the territory of Belarus was under control of the Soviet Union, as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. However, memories of Soviet repressions in Belarus and collectivization, as well as of the polonization and discrimination against Belarusians under the Second Polish Republic were still fresh. Many Belarusians wanted an independent nation and co-operated with the invaders in hopes that Nazi Germany would allow them to have their own independent state after the war ended. Belarusian organizations never had administrative control over the territory of Belarus. The real power was held by the German civil and military administrations. The collaborationist Belarusian Central Council, presenting itself as a Belarusian governmental body, was formed in Minsk a few months before Belarus was retaken by the Soviet Army. Before the war, the Belarusian National Socialist Party was formed by a small group of Belarusian nationalists in Polish-controlled Western Belorussia in 1933. The group was far less influential than other Belarusian political parties in interwar Poland such as the Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union and the Belarusian Christian Democracy. The Belarusian National Socialist Party was banned by the Polish authorities in 1937. Party leaders left for Berlin and became among the first advisers to the Germans at the onset of Operation Barbarossa.
In connection with: Byelorussian collaboration with Nazi Germany
Title combos: Nazi collaboration collaboration with Germany Germany Nazi with collaboration
Description combos: by before independent in political and The the as Council have the still World collaborated such the fresh the by with Union Council group the collaborated to was Union would held some in well still invaders Belarus against Belarusian Byelorussian During with nation the 1941 During under the Socialist was Many in and some Belarusians 1933 were War after operated less some the have Belarusian Belarusians with banned and political was control During in The control Belarusian Second Soviet as collaborated
Belarusian nationalism refers to the belief that Belarusians should constitute an independent nation. Belarusian nationalism began emerging in the mid-19th century, during the January Uprising against the Russian Empire. Belarus first declared independence in 1917 as the Belarusian Democratic Republic, but was subsequently invaded and annexed by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1918, becoming part of the Soviet Union. Belarusian nationalists both collaborated with and fought against Nazi Germany during World War II, and protested for the independence of Belarus during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Belarusian nationalism has historically been divided into two groups; pro-western and pro-Russian. These different groups have continually sought to take control from the other since the early 1860s. These groups are additionally divided along religious lines, with Catholics belonging to the pro-western camp and Eastern Orthodox Christians belonging to the pro-Russian. Various historical attempts have been made to unite Belarus under a singular religion, including the Ruthenian Uniate Church before 1917 and Protestantism in the 1920s, though these efforts all fell flat. In Belarus, Belarusian nationalism is a controversial position. The government of Alexander Lukashenko has vacillated between promoting pro-Russian Belarusian nationalism and unification with Russia. Pro-western Belarusian nationalists have been tied to Axis collaboration with Nazi Germany by the government in an effort to discredit the Belarusian opposition and legitimize Lukashenko's rule. The pro-western group has countered Lukashenko's claims by associating themselves with the Belarusian resistance during World War II.
In connection with: Belarusian nationalism
Title combos: nationalism Belarusian
Description combos: the 1918 War Alexander Union groups Belarusian position including Belarusian with first refers during tied collaborated These during different unite Belarusian Federative that religious an These 1918 claims to between these nationalism Belarusian 1920s pro been fell western Belarusian nationalism refers Belarusian the both during Belarusians in and Empire independent collaboration Belarus Various pro part the nation Russia lines Russian between into began War as invaded 19th divided Democratic that Belarusian should Orthodox Pro nationalism independence Belarusian countered Belarusians began first
Kastuś Jezavitaŭ (Belarusian: Касту́сь Езаві́таў; also known as Kanstancin Barysavič Jezavitaŭ, Belarusian: Канстанці́н Бары́савіч Езаві́таў; 17 November 1893 – 23 May 1946) was a political and military leader within the Belarusian independence movement of the early 20th century.
In connection with: Kastuś Jezavitaŭ
Title combos: Jezavitaŭ Kastuś
Description combos: Jezavitaŭ within 1946 17 1946 Езаві as leader Belarusian political Kastuś early Канстанці Belarusian Kanstancin political Jezavitaŭ the of Канстанці the Belarusian 1893 of Jezavitaŭ and the also Jezavitaŭ 20th the 23 савіч Jezavitaŭ the political was also as 23 century and сь савіч Belarusian 1946 Belarusian Barysavič early the Kastuś 17 23 Jezavitaŭ also the Kanstancin Езаві Езаві early within 23 of Канстанці movement Kanstancin Kastuś таў May also the Kastuś independence 17 Barysavič Kastuś 17 Kanstancin early independence 23
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