BATTLE OF SÉTIF
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The Almohad Caliphate (; Arabic: خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or دَوْلَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or ٱلدَّوْلَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِيَّةُ from Arabic: ٱلْمُوَحِّدُونَ, romanized: al-Muwaḥḥidūn, lit. 'those who profess the unity of God') or Almohad Empire was a North African Berber Muslim empire founded in the 12th century. At its height, it controlled much of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) and North Africa (the Maghreb). The Almohad movement was founded by Ibn Tumart among the Berber Masmuda tribes, but the Almohad caliphate and its ruling dynasty, known as the Mu'minid dynasty, were founded after his death by Abd al-Mu'min. Around 1121, Ibn Tumart was recognized by his followers as the Mahdi, and shortly afterwards he established his base at Tinmel in the Atlas Mountains. Under Abd al-Mu'min (r. 1130–1163), they succeeded in overthrowing the ruling Almoravid dynasty governing the western Maghreb in 1147, when he conquered Marrakesh and declared himself caliph. They then extended their power over all of the Maghreb by 1159. Al-Andalus followed, and all of Muslim Iberia was under Almohad rule by 1172. The turning point of their presence in the Iberian Peninsula came in 1212, when Muhammad al-Nasir (1199–1214) was defeated at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in the Sierra Morena by an alliance of the Christian forces from Castile, Aragon and Navarre. Much of the remaining territories of al-Andalus were lost in the ensuing decades, with the cities of Córdoba and Seville falling to the Christians in 1236 and 1248 respectively. The Almohads continued to rule in Africa until the piecemeal loss of territory through the revolt of tribes and districts enabled the rise of their most effective enemies, the Marinids in 1215. The last representative of the line, Idris al-Wathiq, was reduced to the possession of Marrakesh, where he was murdered by a slave in 1269; the Marinids seized Marrakesh, ending the Almohad domination of the Western Maghreb.
In connection with: Almohad Caliphate
Title combos: Caliphate Almohad
Description combos: of min 1172 the power its Navas 1163 himself their ين known and the ruling Ibn his his Masmuda ون 1215 1130 of lost 1163 he Ibn Iberia Almohad the Tumart Mu Arabic to Iberia Wathiq rule representative of Arabic African Marrakesh the ٱل by of Empire Much al of 1215 by Mu the followed and from was by was 1163 last Peninsula when under Andalus presence in and Almohad ين ون by 12th Arabic dynasty came God Africa unity but
The Banu Hilal (Arabic: بنو هلال, romanized: Banū Hilāl) was a confederation of Arab tribes from the Najd region of the central Arabian Peninsula that emigrated to the Maghreb region of North Africa in the 11th century. They ruled the Najd, and campaigned in the borderlands between Iraq and Syria. When the Fatimid Caliphate became the rulers of Egypt and the founders of Cairo in 969, they confined the Bedouin in the south before sending them to Central North Africa (Libya, Tunisia and Algeria) and then to Morocco. Historians estimate the total number of Arab nomads who migrated to the Maghreb in the 11th century to be to 500,000 to 700,000 to 1,000,000. Historian Mármol Carvajal estimated that more than a million Hilalians migrated to the Maghreb between 1051 and 1110, and estimated that the Hilalian population in the Maghreb at his time in 1573 was at 4,000,000 individuals, excluding other Arab tribes and other Arabs already present.
In connection with: Banu Hilal
Title combos: Banu Hilal
Description combos: excluding population sending the 11th The The century number at North borderlands to than Najd in Libya Syria Historian between of tribes Peninsula and the Hilāl Arabic more Algeria and and then Arab the بنو emigrated to Fatimid 000 and in the the Peninsula the The and of Arabic of Morocco هلال was already and Banū of Africa the When Hilalians the They century then Tunisia Mármol هلال estimated and tribes in Bedouin south to million and present Arab Banu romanized
This is a list of wars that began between 1000 and 1499 (last war ended in 1519). Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity.
In connection with: List of wars: 1000–1499
Title combos: List of 1000 wars 1499 1000 wars 1499 of
Description combos: between found 1000 historical This historical wars the that ended 1000 of This extended 1519 list list in be 1000 list found wars of that began is historical war be of the wars ended extended between of ended be began of list wars This diplomatic of historical of of lists in is wars the wars This last 1000 wars and diplomatic wars ended This in the that war list of This 1519 in is war is Other wars ended wars This
The Sétif and Guelma massacre (also called the Sétif, Guelma and Kherrata massacres or the massacres of 8 May 1945) was a series of massacres by French colonial authorities and pied-noir European settler militias on Algerian civilians in May and June 1945 around the towns of Sétif and Guelma in French Algeria. In response to French police firing on demonstrators during a protest in Sétif on 8 May 1945, native Algerians rioted in the town and attacked French settlers (colons) in the surrounding countryside, killing 102 people. The French colonial authorities and European settlers retaliated by killing thousands of Algerian Muslims in the region with estimates varying widely. The initial estimate given by French authorities was 1,020 killed, while the current Algerian government cites an estimate of 45,000 killed. Estimates by historians range from 3,000 to 30,000 Algerian Muslims killed. The massacre marked a turning point in Franco-Algerian relations, ultimately leading to the Algerian War of independence from 1954 to 1962.
In connection with: Sétif and Guelma massacre
Title combos: massacre Guelma massacre Guelma and Sétif and Guelma massacre
Description combos: settler rioted point French retaliated in 1945 thousands people leading cites May Guelma settler Algerian while colonial police 020 of Guelma killed Algerian countryside and French Sétif countryside 1945 surrounding In 1945 killing the and Algerian the French massacres massacres May an Guelma Algerians in settler rioted town 000 the authorities civilians colonial Sétif Kherrata Estimates in called the French and called Algerians European 1945 French protest May Algerian and of authorities Estimates Algerian marked settlers French Algerian on varying also
Sétif (Arabic: سطيف) is the capital city of the Sétif Province and the 5th most populous city of Algeria, with an estimated population of 1.866.845 in 2017). It is one of the most important cities of eastern Algeria and the country as a whole, since it is considered the trade capital of the country and an industrial pole with 3 industrial zones within the borders of the city. It is an inner city, situated in the eastern side of Algeria, 270 kilometers east of Algiers, 131 km west of Constantine, in the Hautes Plaines region south of Béjaia and Jijel. The city is at 1,100 meters of altitude. The city was part of the Phoenician Empire then it became part of the ancient Berber kingdom of Numidia, the capital of Mauretania Sitifensis under the rule of the Roman Empire. It was destroyed during the Arab invasion of North Africa. In 1839 when France occupied the site, they found it in ruins apart from Roman ruins of the Byzantine fortress of Setif, and the ruined civilian housing from roman and byzantine periods. Reconstruction of a civilian part of the city began with the construction of a Catholic Church of Setif which is the first building established by the colonial French. The city was the starting point of the 8 May 1945 protests and massacre, which was a crucial factor to the start of the Algerian War.
In connection with: Sétif
Description combos: it Algiers the country to first 845 the of the the it of of and North the Byzantine War Sitifensis the It the and It the of of starting Setif civilian byzantine part populous city Province of within The with of city was start it In kingdom country region the an is Sétif pole the the country War and is populous east of point and of Sétif km the within part The in 866 the Byzantine part invasion Mauretania of Setif
The Battle of Sétif (Arabic: معركة سطيف) took place on April 27, 1153, AD, in the region of Sétif. it was a battle between a coalition of Banu Riyah tribes and the Almohad Caliphate led by the caliph Abd al-Mu'min. The result of the battle was a victory for the Almohads.
In connection with: Battle of Sétif
Title combos: of Battle Battle of Sétif
Description combos: سطيف معركة of Almohad on April The and Banu The battle the AD place the Almohads in the caliph the معركة was 27 Battle battle سطيف was Abd Banu the took Arabic victory in Banu Mu min of Battle the Abd battle Mu the coalition caliph the the Battle victory April Sétif in 1153 Battle 1153 the region Mu between 27 and the of معركة by the tribes Banu Sétif Almohad battle The for the Sétif place Battle battle battle Arabic
The Sétif offensive was a two-week Algerian army offensive against the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) near the Babor Mountains in Sétif province in September 2003. The armed forces at this time began a campaign to eliminate the remains of the Armed Islamic Group and the GSPC, which reportedly had 400 fighters. In one of its most successful attacks in the Algerian Civil War, the Algerian People's National Army successfully killed 150 rebel militants of the GSPC. Algerian newspapers reported that 105 rebel corpses were found in caves near the Babor Mountains after an intense artillery bombardment. A week earlier, the government offensive killed 15 members of the GSPC, and only a few pockets of rebels were left in Algeria.
In connection with: Sétif offensive
Title combos: offensive Sétif
Description combos: in and and successful 150 army the were caves near Combat against of the Algerian Algerian to campaign army Algerian army the and In the army the time government caves were Algeria The was People Combat at and Civil 150 rebel Army in of intense corpses few War the at the offensive in week offensive Algeria 150 the members Babor GSPC Sétif Algerian Group Mountains at against in after the near of killed rebel the intense killed members 150 artillery of
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