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Chronic pain last months or years and happens in all parts of the body. It interferes with daily life and can lead to depression and anxiety. The first step in treatment is to find and treat the cause. When that isn’t possible, the most effective approach is a combination of medications, therapies and lifestyle changes.
Dydyk AM, Yarrarapu SNS, Conermann T. Chronic Pain. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553030/) StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2021. Accessed 9/20/2021.
Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A. Qasim A. A Classification of Chronic Pain for ICD-11 . (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4450869/) PAIN . 2015; 156(6): 1003-1007. Accessed 9/20/2021.
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Chronic pain is pain that lasts for over three months. The pain can be there all the time, or it may come and go. It can happen anywhere in your body.
Chronic pain can interfere with your daily activities, such as working, having a social life and taking care of yourself or others. It can lead to depression, anxiety and trouble sleeping, which can make your pain worse. This response creates a cycle that’s difficult to break.
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Chronic pain differs from another type of pain called acute pain. Acute pain happens when you get hurt, such as experiencing a simple cut to your skin or a broken bone. It doesn’t last long, and it goes away after your body heals from whatever caused the pain. In contrast, chronic pain continues long after you recover from an injury or illness. Sometimes it even happens for no obvious reason.
Chronic pain can come in many different forms and appear across your body. Common types of chronic pain include:
Chronic pain is a very common condition, and one of the most common reasons why someone seeks medical care. Approximately 25% of adults in the United States experience chronic pain.
Sometimes chronic pain has an obvious cause. You may have a long-lasting illness such as arthritis or cancer that can cause ongoing pain.
Injuries and diseases can also cause changes to your body that leave you more sensitive to pain. These changes can stay in place even after you’ve healed from the original injury or disease. Something like a sprain, a broken bone or a brief infection can leave you with chronic pain.
Some people also have chronic pain that’s not tied to an injury or physical illness. Healthcare providers call this response psychogenic pain or psychosomatic pain. It’s caused by psychological factors such as stress, anxiety and depression. Many scientists believe this connection comes from low levels of endorphins in the blood. Endorphins are natural chemicals that trigger positive feelings.
It’s possible to have several causes of pain overlap. You could have two different diseases, for example. Or you could have something like migraines and psychogenic pain together.
People with chronic pain describe their pain in many different ways, such as:
Chronic pain often leads to other symptoms and conditions, including:
Pain is considered to be chronic if it lasts or comes and goes (recurs) for more than three months. Pain is usually a symptom, so your healthcare provider needs to determine what’s causing your pain, if possible. Pain is subjective — only the person experiencing it can identify and describe it — so it can be difficult for providers to determine the cause.
If you have long-lasting pain, see your healthcare provider. Your provider will want to know:
Your healthcare provider may physically examine your body and order tests to look for the cause of the pain. They may have you undergo the following tests:
To relieve chronic pain, healthcare providers first try to identify and treat the cause. But sometimes they can’t find the source. If so, they turn to treating, or managing, the pain.
Healthcare providers treat chronic pain in many different ways. The approach depends on many factors, including:
The best treatment plans use a variety of strategies, including medications, lifestyle changes and therapies.
If you have chronic pain and depression and/or anxiety, it’s important to seek treatment for your mental health condition(s) as well. Having depression or anxiety can make your chronic pain worse. For example, if you have depression, the fatigue, sleep changes and decreased activity it may cause can make your chronic pain worse.
Your healthcare provider may recommend certain medications to relieve chronic pain, including:
Other medical treatments your healthcare provider may have you try include:
Every medication has a potential for side effects — some are more serious than others. Be sure to discuss the possible side effects of your chronic pain medications with your healthcare provider.
Complications from medical treatments for chronic pain can include:
Four major lifestyle factors can affect your chronic pain and help minimize it. Healthcare providers sometimes call them the four pillars of chronic pain. They include:
Be sure to discuss these four lifestyle pillars with your healthcare provider to determine how each applies to your type of chronic pain and how you can incorporate changes into your day-to-day life.
Certain therapies may help you manage chronic pain, including:
Alternative treatments that have been shown to relieve chronic pain over time include:
Currently, there is no cure for chronic pain, other than to identify and treat its cause. For example, treating arthritis can sometimes stop joint pain.
Many people with chronic pain don’t know its cause and can’t find a cure. They use a combination of medications, therapies and lifestyle changes to lessen pain.
Since many conditions or injuries can cause chronic pain, there are several risk factors for experiencing it. Some risk factors include:
Unfortunately, nothing has been proven to prevent chronic pain in general. You may be able to prevent certain conditions that lead to chronic pain. For example, you can quit smoking to lower your risk of lung cancer.
Chronic pain usually doesn’t go away, but you can manage it with a combination of strategies that work for you. Current chronic pain treatments can reduce a person’s pain score by about 30%.
Researchers continue to study pain disorders. Advances in neuroscience and a better understanding of the human body should lead to more effective treatments.
If you have chronic pain and depression and/or anxiety, it’s important to seek treatment for your mental health. Untreated depression and anxiety can make your pain worse and further lower your quality of life.
Complications of chronic pain can include:
The complications of chronic pain are serious. Because of this, it’s essential to seek medical care if you’re experiencing chronic pain. There are many options for pain treatment and management. While it may take a while to find the right combination of therapies that work for you, it’s worth undertaking.
If you’re experiencing thoughts of suicide, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255. Someone will be available to talk with you 24 hours a day.
Besides taking medications, getting therapy and making lifestyle changes, take good care of yourself. The following actions can help you cope with your chronic pain and improve your overall health:
If you have chronic pain, it may be helpful to ask your healthcare provider the following questions:
Chronic pain lasts months or years and can interfere with your ability to work, enjoy activities and take care of yourself or others. If you have chronic pain, please talk to a healthcare provider or pain specialist. There are ways to manage your pain to help you toward a more comfortable life.
Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 09/01/2021.
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Shmerling RH. Evaluation of the adult with polyarticular pain. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Dec. 17, 2015.
What is arthritis? Arthritis Foundation. http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/understanding-arthritis/what-is-arthritis.php. Accessed Dec. 17, 2015.
Kimura Y, et al. Evaluation of the child with joint pain or swelling. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Dec. 17, 2015.
Pain in multiple joints. Merck Manual Professional Version. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/pain-in-and-around-joints/pain-in-multiple-joints. Accessed Dec. 17, 2015.
Inflammation and stiffness: The hallmarks of arthritis. http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/understanding-arthritis/arthritis-swelling-and-stiffness.php. Accessed Dec. 17, 2015.
Helfgott SM. Overview of monoarthritis in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Dec. 17, 2015.
What is Paget's disease of bone? National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Pagets/pagets_disease_ff.asp. Accessed Dec. 17, 2015.
Wilkinson JM (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Dec. 18, 2015.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
^ "Arthralgia Definition" . MedicineNet.com . Archived from the original on 11 October 2007 . Retrieved 2007-09-20 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Joe G. Hardin. "Arthralgia" . Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations . Retrieved 2007-09-20 .
^ James R Philp. "Allergic Drug Reactions - Systemic Allergic Drug Reactions" . Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations . Retrieved 2007-09-20 .
^ "MeSH" . Retrieved 2007-12-23 .
^ Joe G. Hardin. "Table 161.1. Some Common Regional Rheumatic Syndromes" . Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations . Retrieved 2007-09-20 .
^ Loris McVittie. "Information from CDC and FDA on the Safety of Gardasil Vaccine" . supplement to your biologics license application (BLA) for Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent (Types 6, 11, 16 and 18) Vaccine, Recombinant (GARDASIL), to include arthralgia, myalgia, asthenia, fatigue, and malaise in the Adverse Reactions section of the package insert . Retrieved 2008-07-21 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Table 6-8 in: Elizabeth D Agabegi; Agabegi, Steven S. (2008). Step-Up to Medicine (Step-Up Series) . Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-7153-5 .
^ Diagnosis lag time of median 4 weeks, and median diagnosis lag time of 18 weeks, taken from: Chan, K. W.; Felson, D. T.; Yood, R. A.; Walker, A. M. (1994). "The lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis". Arthritis and Rheumatism . 37 (6): 814–820. doi : 10.1002/art.1780370606 . PMID 8003053 .
^ Doria, A.; Zen, M.; Canova, M.; Bettio, S.; Bassi, N.; Nalotto, L.; Rampudda, M.; Ghirardello, A.; Iaccarino, L. (2010). "SLE diagnosis and treatment: When early is early". Autoimmunity Reviews . 10 (1): 55–60. doi : 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.08.014 . PMID 20813207 .
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^ Jump up to: a b Page 740 (upper right of page) in: Schaider, Jeffrey; Wolfson, Allan B.; Hendey, Gregory W.; Ling, Louis; Rosen, Carlo L. (2009). Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (Harwood-Nuss)) . Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-8943-1 .
^ Passier, Anneke; van Puijenbroek, Eugene (November 2005). "Mirtazapine-induced arthralgia" . British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology . 60 (5): 570–572. doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02481.x . PMC 1884949 . PMID 16236049 .
^ "Henoch-Schonlein purpura (video)" . Khan Academy . Retrieved 2020-06-06 .
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Arthralgia (from Greek arthro- , joint + -algos , pain) literally means joint pain . [1] [2] Specifically, arthralgia is a symptom of injury , infection , illness (in particular arthritis ), or an allergic reaction to medication . [3]
According to MeSH , the term "arthralgia" should only be used when the condition is non-inflammatory, and the term "arthritis" should be used when the condition is inflammatory . [4]
The causes of arthralgia are varied and range, from a joints perspective, from degenerative and destructive processes such as osteoarthritis and sports injuries to inflammation of tissues surrounding the joints, such as bursitis . [5] These might be triggered by other things, such as infections or vaccinations. [6]
Diagnosis involves interviewing the patient and performing physical exams . When attempting to establish the cause of the arthralgia, the emphasis is on the interview. [2] The patient is asked questions intended to narrow the number of potential causes. Given the varied nature of these possible causes, some questions may seem irrelevant. For example, the patient may be asked about dry mouth , light sensitivity , rashes or a history of seizures . [2] [14] Answering yes or no to any of these questions limits the number of possible causes and guides the physician toward the appropriate exams and lab tests.
Treatment depends on a specific underlying cause. The underlying cause will be treated first and foremost. The treatments may include joint replacement surgery for severely damaged joints, immunosuppressants for immune system dysfunction, antibiotics when an infection is the cause, and discontinuing medication when an allergic reaction is the cause. When treating the primary cause, pain management may still play a role in treatment. [15] The extent of its role varies depending on the specific cause of the arthralgia. Pain management may include stretching exercises, over the counter pain medications, prescription pain medication, or other treatments deemed appropriate for the symptoms.
Capsaicin , a substance found in chili peppers , may relieve joint pain from arthritis and other conditions. Capsaicin blocks the actions of substance P , which helps transmit pain signals, and capsaicin triggers the release of pain-blocking chemicals in the body known as endorphins . Side effects of capsaicin cream include burning or stinging in the area where it is applied. Another topical option is an arthritis cream containing the ingredient, methyl salicylate ( Bengay ).
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Unpleasant feeling of a psychological nature
This article is about non-physical pain. For physical pain caused by psychological factors, see psychogenic pain .
^ Jump up to: a b Shneidman ES (1996). "Appendix A Psychological Pain Survey". The Suicidal Mind . Oxford University Press. p. 173. ISBN 9780195118018 .
^ Psychalgia: mental distress. Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary . But see also psychalgia in the sense of psychogenic pain .
^ Weiss E (1934). "Bodily pain and mental pain" . The International Journal of Psychoanalysis . 15 : 1–13.
^ Orbach I, Mikulincer M, Gilboa-Schechtman E, Sirota P (2003). "Mental pain and its relationship to suicidality and life meaning". Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior . 33 (3): 231–41. doi : 10.1521/suli.33.3.231.23213 . PMID 14582834 .
^ Bolger EA (1999). "Grounded theory analysis of emotional pain" . Psychotherapy Research . 9 (3): 342–62. doi : 10.1080/10503309912331332801 .
^ Joffe WG, San
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