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Здесь вы узнаете об Азербайджане всё и даже больше.
В дни финала ЛЕ в Баку прилетело 60 тыс человек
10 мест которые нужно посетить в Баку
Все собранные средства будут направлены на благотворительность
Нажмите и узнайте преемущества подписки!
Потомки карабахских ханов на своих землях
Когда был на фронте не одного Карабахца не встретил !!!
Qarabağ xanları və papaqları eynidirmi?
Знаете ли вы?
Иряванское ханство было основано в 1747-м году Мир Мехти ханом Афшаром cо столицей в городе Иряван.
Тот факт, что тюркоязычные азербайджанцы - коренное население Ирявана, нашел свое подтверждение в официальных данных командующего русскими войсками на Кавказе генерала Паскевича. В сведениях Паскевича, с трудом захватившего Иряванское ханство, говорится о проживании там 10 тысяч азербайджанских и 3 тысяч армянских семей.
Профессор Джастин Маккарти (США) утверждает, что до 1828 года азербайджанцы составляли 80% населения Ирявана.
Историю знать надо Хотябы, после поражения Армении, читайте, изучайте и не воруйте чужое. Вы уже имеете одно государство на Азербайджанской земле, так будьте благодарны и живите в мире с соседями, хватит уже внушать самим себе ложное превосходство над другими, это всё комплексы... Будем лечить, соседи ж как-никак
Nezrin, что после поражения что до поражения история всегда одна была. Это у Азербайджана она почему то резко повернула на 360 градусов после войны)))а то сидели как мышки тише воды, ниже травы..))
Алиса, Азербайджан знает что делает всегда. Запомните это и утрите сопельки со своих армянских носов Быть побежденными привыкайте, а не то лишитесь вообще своей государственности. Неблагодарность один из худших грехов на земле. Вам дали наши Азербайджанские земли - Иревань... Молитесь на него. И сидите тссс тише-тише, чтобы нас, хозяев, не злить.
Да? А теперь в интернете вбейте кто основал г.Ереван
Как всегда, захватывающе и прекрасно 🤍
Юмор на ленту
Парень озвучивает звуки издаваемые разными марками автомобилей
Suzi bura yiqmaqda sebebim budu, sizden Adam olmayib ve olmayacaq.
Обидно,что как показывали это 10 лет назад,так и сейчас(
У президента Азербайджана Ильхама Алиева в Армении появились свои избиратели.
Duwmenin hormetini qazanmaq her adamin iwi deyil
Как думаете, удасться ли Азербайджану и Турции создать свой военный блок? Как бы хотели называть? Каких стран хотели бы увидеть в этoм блоке? Какие проблемы решит этот военный блок?
У Азербайджана есть будущее только в тесной связи с Россией
Кроме как таможенного Союза, большего быть не может., где будут входить страны Ср. Азии(кроме Туркменистана и Таджикистана) может даже и Грузия, а о военном блоке, речи быть не может, ни Брюссель, ни Москва, ни Вашингтон, этого не позволят!!
За просто так не кто не кому помогать не будет . Так нужно будет предложить что-то хорошее взамен этого блока .
Чехлы с азербайджанскими дизайнами в A&Z магазине Ⓐ
Саид, более чем на 70 можелей. Напишите в группе магазина
Больше чем просто слова. Слова отца шахида
"Они подняли с пола наши папахи, честь и достоинство"
Храбрые мужчины. Сильный народ.
Шахиды и ветераны - городости азербайджанского народа
"Давай встретимся в Туране"
Фото сделано в освобожденных территориях Азербайджана
На масках написано "Тюрк"
Не пропускайте новые записи любимого сообщества — войдите в аккаунт и подпишитесь на него.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the independent country in the Caucasus. For other uses, see Azerbaijan (disambiguation).
Azərbaycan Respublikası (Azerbaijani)
Location of Azerbaijan (green) with territory controlled by the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh shown in light green.[a]
30 August 1991 (declared)
18 October 1991 (independence)
25 December 1991 (completed)
Azerbaijan (UK: /ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn, -ˈʒɑːn/ (listen), US: /ˌɑːzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn, ˌæz-/;[9] Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan [ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn]), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası [ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn ɾespublikɑˈsɯ]), is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia,[10] it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, the Russian republic of Dagestan to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south.
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence from the Russian Empire in 1918 and became the first secular democratic Muslim-majority state. In 1920, the country was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.[11][12] The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991,[13] shortly before the dissolution of the USSR in the same year. In September 1991, the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Republic of Artsakh.[14] The region and seven surrounding districts, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE, became de facto independent with the end of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994.[15][16][17][18] Following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, the seven districts and parts of Nagorno-Karabakh were returned to Azerbaijani control.[19]
Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential[4] republic. It is one of six independent Turkic states and an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community. Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 182 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations,[20] including the United Nations (since 1992), the Council of Europe, the Non-Aligned Movement, the OSCE, and the NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP) program. It is one of the founding members of GUAM, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)[21] and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Azerbaijan also holds observer status in the World Trade Organization.[20][22]
While around 97% of the population is Muslim,[23] the Constitution of Azerbaijan does not declare an official religion and all major political forces in the country are secularist. Azerbaijan is a developing country and ranks 87th on the Human Development Index.[24] It has a high rate of economic development[25] and literacy,[26] as well as a low rate of unemployment.[27] However, the ruling party, the New Azerbaijan Party, in power since 1993, has been accused of authoritarian leadership and the deterioration of the country's human rights record, including increasing restrictions on civil liberties, particularly on press freedom and political repression.[28]
According to a modern etymology, the term Azerbaijan derives from that of Atropates,[29][30] a Persian[31][32][33] satrap under the Achaemenid Empire, who was later reinstated as the satrap of Media under Alexander the Great.[34][35] The original etymology of this name is thought to have its roots in the once-dominant Zoroastrianism. In the Avesta's Frawardin Yasht ("Hymn to the Guardian Angels"), there is a mention of âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide, which literally translates from Avestan as "we worship the fravashi of the holy Atropatene."[36] The name "Atropates" itself is the Greek transliteration of an Old Iranian, probably Median, compounded name with the meaning "Protected by the (Holy) Fire" or "The Land of the (Holy) Fire".[37] The Greek name was mentioned by Diodorus Siculus and Strabo. Over the span of millennia, the name evolved to Āturpātākān (Middle Persian), then to Ādharbādhagān, Ādharbāyagān, Āzarbāydjān (New Persian) and present-day Azerbaijan.[citation needed]
The name Azerbaijan was first adopted for the area of the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan by the government of Musavat in 1918,[38] after the collapse of the Russian Empire, when the independent Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was established. Until then, the designation had been used exclusively to identify the adjacent region of contemporary northwestern Iran,[39][40][41][42] while the area of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was formerly referred to as Arran and Shirvan.[43] On that basis Iran protested the newly adopted country name.[44]
During the Soviet rule, the country was also spelled in Latin from the Russian transliteration as Azerbaydzhan (Russian: Азербайджа́н).[45] The country's name was also spelled in Cyrillic script from 1940 to 1991 as "Азәрбајҹан".
Further information: Caucasian Albania
The earliest evidence of human settlement in the territory of Azerbaijan dates back to the late Stone Age and is related to the Guruchay culture of Azykh Cave.[46]
Early settlements included the Scythians during the 9th century BC.[37] Following the Scythians, Iranian Medes came to dominate the area to the south of the Aras river.[35] The Medes forged a vast empire between 900 and 700 BC, which was integrated into the Achaemenid Empire around 550 BC.[47] The area was conquered by the Achaemenids leading to the spread of Zoroastrianism.[48]
The Maiden Tower and The Palace of the Shirvanshahs in the Old City of Baku is a UNESCO World Heritage Site built in the 11th–12th century.
The Sasanian Empire turned Caucasian Albania into a vassal state in 252, while King Urnayr officially adopted Christianity as the state religion in the 4th century.[49] Despite Sassanid rule, Albania remained an entity in the region until the 9th century, while fully subordinate to Sassanid Iran, and retained its monarchy. Despite being one of the chief vassals of the Sasanian emperor, the Albanian king had only a semblance of authority, and the Sasanian marzban (military governor) held most civil, religious, and military authority.[50]
In the first half of the 7th century, Caucasian Albania, as a vassal of the Sasanians, came under nominal Muslim rule due to the Muslim conquest of Persia. The Umayyad Caliphate repulsed both the Sasanians and Byzantines from Transcaucasia and turned Caucasian Albania into a vassal state after Christian resistance led by King Javanshir, was suppressed in 667. The power vacuum left by the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate was filled by numerous local dynasties such as the Sallarids, Sajids, and Shaddadids. At the beginning of the 11th century, the territory was gradually seized by the waves of Oghuz Turks from Central Asia, who adopted a Turkoman ethnonym at the time.[51] The first of these Turkic dynasties established was the Seljuk Empire, who entered the area now known as Azerbaijan by 1067.[52]
The pre-Turkic population that lived on the territory of modern Azerbaijan spoke several Indo-European and Caucasian languages, among them Armenian[53][54][55][56][57] and an Iranian language, Old Azeri, which was gradually replaced by a Turkic language, the early precursor of the Azerbaijani language of today.[58] Some linguists have also stated that the Tati dialects of Iranian Azerbaijan and the Republic of Azerbaijan, like those spoken by the Tats, are descended from Old Azeri.[59][60] Locally, the possessions of the subsequent Seljuk Empire were ruled by Eldiguzids, technically vassals of the Seljuk sultans, but sometimes de facto rulers themselves. Under the Seljuks, local poets such as Nizami Ganjavi and Khaqani gave rise to a blossoming of Persian literature on the territory of present-day Azerbaijan.[61][62]
The local dynasty of the Shirvanshahs became a vassal state of Timur's Empire, and assisted him in his war with the ruler of the Golden Horde Tokhtamysh. Following Timur's death, two independent and rival states emerged: Kara Koyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu. The Shirvanshahs returned, maintaining for numerous centuries to come a high degree of autonomy as local rulers and vassals as they had done since 861. In 1501, the Safavid dynasty of Iran subdued the Shirvanshahs and gained its possessions. In the course of the next century, the Safavids converted the formerly Sunni population to Shia Islam,[63][64][65] as they did with the population in what is modern-day Iran.[66] The Safavids allowed the Shirvanshahs to remain in power, under Safavid suzerainty, until 1538, when Safavid king Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576) completely deposed them, and made the area into the Safavid province of Shirvan. The Sunni Ottomans briefly managed to occupy parts of present-day Azerbaijan as a result of the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1578–1590; by the early 17th century, they were ousted by Safavid Iranian ruler Abbas I (r. 1588–1629). In the wake of the demise of the Safavid Empire, Baku and its environs were briefly occupied by the Russians as a consequence of the Russo-Persian War of 1722–1723. Despite brief intermissions such as these by Safavid Iran's neighboring rivals, the land of what is today Azerbaijan remained under Iranian rule from the earliest advent of the Safavids up to the course of the 19th century.[67][68]
After the Safavids, the area was ruled by the Iranian Afsharid dynasty. After the death of Nader Shah (r. 1736–1747), many of his former subjects capitalized on the eruption of instability. Numerous self-ruling khanates with various forms of autonomy[69][70][71][72][73] emerged in the area. The rulers of these khanates were directly related to the ruling dynasties of Iran, and were vassals and subjects of the Iranian shah.[74] The khanates exercised control over their affairs via international trade routes between Central Asia and the West.[75]
Thereafter, the area was under the successive rule of the Iranian Zands and Qajars.[76] From the late 18th century, Imperial Russia switched to a more aggressive geo-political stance towards its two neighbors and rivals to the south, namely Iran and the Ottoman Empire.[77] Russia now actively tried to gain possession of the Caucasus region which was, for the most part, in the hands of Iran.[78] In 1804, the Russians invaded and sacked the Iranian town of Ganja, sparking the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813.[79] The militarily superior Russians ended the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 with a victory.[80]
Following Qajar Iran's loss in the 1804–1813 war, it was forced to concede suzerainty over most of the khanates, along with Georgia and Dagestan to the Russian Empire, per the Treaty of Gulistan.[81]
The area to the north of the river Aras, amongst which territory lies the contemporary Republic of Azerbaijan, was Iranian territory until it was occupied by Russia in the 19th century.[11][82][83][84][85][86] About a decade later, in violation of the Gulistan treaty, the Russians invaded Iran's Erivan Khanate.[87][88] This sparked the final bout of hostilities between the two, the Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828. The resulting Treaty of Turkmenchay, forced Qajar Iran to cede sovereignty over the Erivan Khanate, the Nakhchivan Khanate and the remainder of the Lankaran Khanate,[81] comprising the last parts of the soil of the contemporary Azerbaijani Republic that were still in Iranian hands. After incorporation of all Caucasian territories from Iran into Russia, the new border between the two was set at the Aras River, which, upon the Soviet Union's disintegration, subsequently became part of the border between Iran and the Azerbaijan Republic.[89]
Qajar Iran was forced to cede its Caucasian territories to Russia in the 19th century, which thus included the territory of the modern-day Azerbaijan Republic, while as a result of that cession, the Azerbaijani ethnic group is nowadays parted between two nations: Iran and Azerbaijan.[90] Nevertheless, the number of ethnic Azerbaijanis in Iran far outnumber those in neighboring Azerbaijan.[91]
After the collapse of the Russian Empire during World War I, the short-lived Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic was declared, constituting the present-day republics of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia. It was followed by the March Days massacres[92][93] that took place between 30 March and 2 April 1918 in the city of Baku and adjacent areas of the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire.[94] When the republic dissolved in May 1918, the leading Musavat party declared independence as the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR), adopting the name of "Azerbaijan" for the new republic; a name that prior to the proclamation of the ADR was solely used to refer to the adjacent northwestern region of contemporary Iran.[39][40][41] The ADR was the first modern parliamentary republic in the Muslim world.[11][95][96] Among the important accomplishments of the Parliament was the extension of suffrage to women, making Azerbaijan the first Muslim nation to grant women equal political rights with men.[95] Another important accomplishment of ADR was the establishment of Baku State University, which was the first modern-type university founded in the Muslim East.[95]
By March 1920, it was obvious that Soviet Russia would attack Baku. Vladimir Lenin said that the invasion was justified as Soviet Russia could not survive without Baku's oil.[97][98] Independent Azerbaijan lasted only 23 days until the Bolshevik 11th Soviet Red Army invaded it, establishing the Azerbaijan SSR on 28 April 1920. Although the bulk of the newly formed Azerbaijani army was engaged in putting down an Armenian revolt that had just broken out in Karabakh, Azerbaijanis did not surrender their brief independence of 1918–20 quickly or easily. As many as 20,000 Azerbaijani soldiers died resisting what was effectively a Russian reconquest.[99]
On 13 October 1921, the Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia signed an agreement with Turkey known as the Treaty of Kars. The previously independent Republic of Aras would also become the Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Azerbaijan SSR by the treaty of Kars. On the other hand, Armenia was awarded the region of Zangezur and Turkey agreed to return Gyumri (then known as Alexandropol).[100]
During World War II, Azerbaijan played a crucial role in the strategic energy policy of the Soviet Union, with 80 percent of the Soviet Union's oil on the Eastern Front being supplied by Baku. By the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in February 1942, the commitment of more than 500 workers and employees of the oil industry of Azerbaijan were awarded orders and medals. Operation Edelweiss carried out by the German Wehrmacht targeted Baku because of its importance as the energy (petroleum) dynamo of the USSR.[11] A fifth of all Azerbaijanis fought in the Second World War from 1941 to 1945. Approximately 681,000 people with over 100,000 of them women went to the front, while the total population of Azerbaijan was 3.4 million at the time.[101] Some 250,000 people from Azerbaijan were killed on the front. More than 130 Azerbaijanis were named Heroes of the Soviet Union. Azerbaijani Major-General Azi Aslanov was twice awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union.[102]
Following the politics of glasnost, initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev, civil unrest and ethnic strife grew in various regions of the Soviet Union, including Nagorno-Karabakh,[103] an autonomous region of the Azerbaijan SSR. The disturbances in Azerbaijan, in response to Moscow's indifference to an already heated conflict, resulted in calls for independence and secession, which culminated in the Black January events in Baku.[104] Later in 1990, the Supreme Council of the Azerbaijan SSR dropped the words "Soviet Socialist" from the title, adopted the "Declaration of Sovereignty of the Azerbaijan Republic" and restored the flag of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic as the state flag.[105] As a consequence of the failed coup which occurred in August in Moscow, on 18 October 1991, the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan adopted a Declaration of Independence which was affirmed by a nationwide referendum in December 1991, while the Soviet Union officially ceased to exist on 26 December 1991.[105] The country now celebrates its Independence Day on 18 October.[106]
The early years of independence were overshadowed by the First Nagorno-Karabakh war with the ethnic
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