Architectural Design Of Public And Private Facilities

Architectural Design Of Public And Private Facilities




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Higher education campuses are diverse places, hosting a wide variety of services within a relatively small space. Different services require different privacy levels, and understanding the nuances of these decisions are a huge part of the architect’s responsibility. By gathering information from all users, whether they are students, teachers or administrators, architects can get a better idea of the needs of each particular institution and make design choices that respond to those needs. 
Design considerations vary considerably between public and private spaces on campus, so it’s important that both the client and architect are clear about the goals for a particular area. Students are less likely to seek out places that are out of their way or hidden from view, so it’s imperative to situate spaces such as dining areas, group study rooms, and conference centers in prominent places on campus. Public spaces should be located where they are visible to many students, situated along well-traveled pedestrian paths, walkable streets, outdoor quads, or on ground-level floors of buildings. When the intent is to draw students to a service, place it where the students are. 
Many programs need private space to maintain student confidentiality. These spaces, such as financial aid, counseling, and advising offices, student health centers, and faculty offices are a little more tricky, because they need to be placed where they’re still convenient for students to access, but they need to offer the appropriate amount of privacy for the users of the space. Student services that focus on traditionally under-served student populations tread a delicate balance between students’ need for a safe and supportive environment and the need to not feel relegated to a separate and potentially less privileged space.
The first step in the planning process is to orient and place students appropriately for the desired level of public interaction. Some design elements that can help facilitate the distinction between public and private spaces are room dividers, tinting or etching of glass, and even furniture design and placement. Sound mitigation techniques such as white noise generators or acoustically absorptive finishes can also be used to create public spaces that feel open while offering some privacy to those who need it.
Wayfinding is another important consideration for designating public and private spaces. Good placement and visual cues help draw students to public areas. A campus that is planned so that public and student-oriented spaces are zoned together with amenities in a central area near campus entrances and parking can be reinforced with signage and landmarks, such as public artworks, gateways, and landscaping elements. The tradition of building a tall campanile or bell tower to mark the center of campus is still a great way to allow anyone to immediately orient themselves. 
Successful wayfinding throughout private areas should be designed in a sensitive way. If certain essential services are tucked away or have entrances that are hard to find, it can send the message that students should be ashamed of going to them. By designing multiple building entrances in both obvious and more discreet places, private spaces can be both centrally located but allow for students to choose how they access them. 
Higher educational curriculums are encouraging collaborative learning, and campus design needs to support this trend for group work. Even so, there still remains a need for individual study in quiet spaces that should be acoustically shielded from noisier spaces that might be nearby.
We’ve recently been asked by colleges to plan safe spaces for students to recover from a crisis. Students are dealing with many personal issues and colleges are stepping forward to support them by expanding mental health services. As a result, clients are asking architects to plan for refuge and recovery spaces, not only in one location, but in several throughout their campus.
All these considerations are addressed by our higher education design team at HMC Architects, but we also hear about privacy for students in instructional settings where they may feel exposed or vulnerable. We are often asked to design yoga and other kinesiology studios to be screened from close, direct view. Currently, we are programming a private space for student auditions in a TV and Film laboratory. At the same time, we are hearing from clients that they have a strong desire to put classroom instruction on display to the general student population, which we respond to by designing visual and spatial connections between classrooms and hallways, lobbies, and outdoor spaces. These sometimes opposing requests can be challenging, and require us to have a clear understanding of our clients’ underlying needs and circumstances.
At HMC Architects, we understand the challenges with meeting the needs of both public and private spaces in higher education facilities. We have decades of experience in working in higher education design, and make sure to listen to the clients to gain a deeper understanding of their unique campus culture. To learn more about how you can address privacy needs within your facility, contact HMC Architects today. For specific questions related to college campus planning for public and private spaces, email Higher Education Practice Leader Ken Salyer or Senior Education Facilities Planner Sheryl Sterry directly. 
As Higher Education Practice Leader, Ken leads the planning and programming efforts of the firm’s higher education projects. His more than 30 years of experience spans all aspects of large- and small-scale educational design projects. He consistently provides creative solutions to challenges and brings an acute attention to detail to all projects. Ken believes that the essence of architecture for education is people, those who work, teach, and learn within the buildings which architects design.
At HMC Architects, we believe that designing to meet the unique needs of all students will not only benefit their academic and personal experiences, but also shape their world and enrich their lives.
To learn more or become part of our story, contact us today.
Contact Bruce Boul at
(951) 382-0444 or media@hmcarchitects.com

Designing public and private spaces in ways that allow people to socialize or recharge, as needed, is more important than ever. Over the past century, our lives have become more and more dependent on being able to successfully work and live in close contact with other people. 
“Architecture gives people cues about how to navigate through their spatial environment,” says Wes Hawkins, M+A’s Director of Healthcare Design. And if those cues are muddied or missing, occupants end up feeling unsatisfied, confused, or tense, often without being able to put their finger on why.
These architectural decisions aren’t one-size-fits-all, either; the needs of different environments and industries can vary widely, so it’s vital that design is tailored to serve the physical and mental requirements of a space and its occupants.
Before the invention of the cubicle in 1968, office workers were crowded together in open “bullpens,” surrounded by a cacophony of typewriters and phone calls while managers stayed sealed in private offices. Believe it or not, but the cubicle was originally designed to give office workers autonomy, privacy, equality, and flexibility for the first time.
Soon, though, the drawbacks became clear. As grey cubicle farms spread, workers became isolated, creatively impoverished, and demoralized, the proverbial watercooler becoming a rare source of social interaction.
In the last few decades the pendulum has swung back toward open offices. But just as companies went too far with cubicles, it’s easy to go too far with openness to end up back at the loud, crowded bullpens of fifty years ago if its unique design challenges aren’t taken into account.
Open offices promote creativity, communication, and team-building, but without good planning, the lack of privacy and higher levels of irrelevant background noise can lead to unfortunate side effects.
From a design standpoint, the problem lies in the lack of space appropriate for different social circumstances. It’s hard for workers in this situation to find the line between me-space and we-space, forced by their environment to rapidly switch back and forth between focusing on individual work and inadvertently tracking the conversations and movements of others.
The solution is a flexible compromise between the two extremes, adaptable to the needs of diverse situations. Different areas should be specifically designed for individual or group work, allowing creativity to flow in public or conference areas while allowing employees the option for quiet spaces for focused work or for taking phone calls. Daylight and amenity access should also be taken into account, and designing for good acoustic control can help mitigate irrelevant background noise and add to a sense of control and privacy.
The extent of an office’s isolation or openness needs to be tailored to a company’s unique culture and set of needs. A creative design business, for example, might want a more open design to encourage creativity and the flow of ideas compared to an office where more secure conversations are needed.
The science of office design has travelled far beyond even this level of tailoring and into the realm of individualization, says Senior Interior Designer, Mark Bryan. “These days, I need to know who is a loud talker and who is going to be at their desk all day or only part of the day because they’re constantly in meetings. I’ll place privacy rooms nearer to a group of people who have more introverted personalities, and there are now workstation developments that help a person feel more enclosed. We’re seeing an increased customization of each person's workspace more and more even as the traditional personalized cubicle is becoming less common.”
All these factors and more shape how the open office is laid out, but the care and attention spent in the design stage shapes the happiness and productivity of employees for years to come.
Offices are one matter, but when it comes to healthcare, critical safety concerns make Designing public and private spaces even more difficult. No one wants a visitor to accidentally wander into a patient’s private room or into a sterile or dangerous area, and it’s easy to become lost or confused when you’re already nervous, worried, or in pain.
Rather than plaster warning signs everywhere, Wes Hawkins, M+A’s Director of Healthcare Design, also sees the solution in careful planning. “There is so much in the way the built environment affects you—the materiality, the colors, the general care given to a space. We can use these to build public and private layers separating visitors from patients from medical staff.”
In healthcare environments, M+A uses a variety of subtle cues that let visitors distinguish public, patient, and staff space. Public areas are color-coordinated throughout medical complexes and often display artistic flourishes and materials not found in more practical areas.
Corridor width can also be used to keep visitor areas separate. The smaller a doorway is—even without an actual door—the more private and restricted it feels, and visitors will accordingly avoid them.
Additionally, though access to privacy is important in every part of public life, that need is especially high for stressed patients and visitors. In lobbies and patient rooms, explains Wes, “it’s essential to provide varying levels of intimacy. They’re going to gather in places they feel protected and comfortable.” No one wants to discuss Nana’s diagnosis while crowded together with strangers who can hear every word.
In healthcare and in offices, designing public and private spaces according to their boundaries, are often clear and physical—but great design can even help with more invisible social lines.
OSU’s Star House is a secure building where homeless youth can both get help filling immediate needs--eating, bathing, and storing precious belongings--and solving more long-term concerns like obtaining education, overcoming substance abuse, and finding a job and living space. 
For safety reasons, the staff of Star House needed to keep watch over the goings-on within the facility. However, the youth who come to Star House for help often distrust both authority and each other due to past negative experiences. For this reason, the youth needed to be able to keep a careful eye on each other and on authority figures--but they also needed to know they weren’t being monitored like prisoners but rather respected as adults worthy of trust and privacy. During the design phase, these dynamics became clear and the facility needed to help alleviate these tensions.
“We needed the architecture to provide a sense of openness and connectivity between rooms, so that the needs of both groups were served,” explains Senior Designer Tom Lewis. “We had to find a balance where everyone could relax and feel safe.”
Lewis ended up designing two-way, windowed sightlines extending through the building that permitted everyone to equally see and be seen. These windows are unobtrusive and are clearly meant to be useful rather than as a signal of Star House’s distrust. The air of respect and transparency they provide helps break down the social calluses the youth had built while homeless.
Here, a more physically open facility leads to more socially open occupants, which serves the overall purpose of Star House. Easing the natural mistrust of the youth through design makes it that much easier to help them improve their lives.
Architectural design is an innate, invisible guide for those who enter a space, a presence not consciously considered but felt all the same. The average American today lives in a world made by other humans; we spend more than 85% of our days indoors, so designing public and private spaces in ways that serve occupants' social needs is increasingly important.
Even the most luxurious space might not be used by occupants if privacy and publicity concerns aren’t taken into account—after all, even the most comfortable chair means nothing if you’re constantly on the edge of its seat. With buildings divided up clearly and carefully, occupants can feel as though they’re in the right place at the right time, helping ease stress and smooth their path.
Designing public and private spaces is a new sort of social ergonomics, a relatively recent innovation in the toolbox of the architect—yet another layer of design to consider, balance, and incorporate during the design process.
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