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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication
Medicines can be a useful tool to help manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists are trained extensively in the use of medications and are able to write the right prescriptions to reduce the risk of side effects.
Treatment for anxiety disorders is usually three-pronged, including therapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs are the first-choice medications to treat anxiety, however they can take several weeks for them to take effect.
SSRIs
Most anxiety disorders are treated with SSRIs. The latest SSRIs have better adverse effect profiles than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs). A variety of SSRIs have been FDA-approved to treat anxiety disorders that are generalized. This includes fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline, (aka Zoloft), as well as citalopram, (aka Celexa).
These drugs increase serotonin levels in the brain and may also help to increase norepinephrine and BDNF. They can be utilized in combination with psychotherapy or on their own. SSRIs can cause nausea or digestive issues, but these effects tend to diminish as the body becomes accustomed to the medication.
The precise mechanism behind SSRIs' action on anxiety is not well comprehended. However, it is believed that they inhibit the reuptake of serotonin by the post-synaptic nerve and increase the amount of serotonin within the synaptic gap. This increases the amount of signaling across the synapse, and in turn decreases anxiety symptoms.
SSRIs can help reduce anxiety and increase the frequency of panic attacks. They can also be used to treat depression as well as other mental conditions which are often linked to anxiety disorders. They can be used with cognitive behavior therapy or psychotherapy to improve their effectiveness.
SSRIs are not addictive, unlike some other antidepressants. However, it is important to follow the prescriptions of your doctor. If you suddenly stop taking your medication, it can result in "discontinuation" syndrome and anxiety symptoms to come back.
If SSRIs are not working for you, then your doctor might suggest another class of antidepressants such as nefazodone, mirtazapine. These medications are also very effective, but have greater risk of adverse effects than the more recent SSRIs.
SSRIs can interact with certain foods, such as eggs, red meat dairy, certain vegetables and fruits. It is best to avoid these foods if you're taking these medications. It is also recommended to stay clear of drinking alcohol while taking SSRIs, as this can cause a number of side effects.
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines boost the calming effect of certain chemicals in the nervous system and brain. They enhance the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acids (GABA) which is a substance that inhibits nerve activity. These medications can be very effective in treating insomnia, anxiety and other mental disorders. However they can be addictive and should only be used for short durations under medical supervision. Benzos can be dangerous if taken recreationally or mixed with other drugs, including alcohol.
If someone suffers from anxiety disorder s, they usually look to medication as the first choice. However, this is not the only option. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has also been proven to help decrease the symptoms of anxiety disorder. There are a variety of different psychotherapies that can help however the most well-known and effective one is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This kind of psychotherapy teaches you how to modify your thoughts and behaviors to make you less stressed as much.
The most commonly used benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax) as well as chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium) Clorazepate (Tranxene), the lorazepam (Ativan) and Quazepam (Dalmane). They all share the same pharmacological properties, but each has its own distinct side effects and pharmacological profile. For instance, clorazepate is more effective in treating seizure disorders than other benzodiazepines, and lorazepam is better for anxiety disorders than quazepam.
Benzodiazepines can be very effective, however they should not be used for long periods of time because they can cause physical dependence and tolerance. They can also cause withdrawal symptoms, such as a pounding of the heart as well as sweating and shaking, if you suddenly stop taking the medication. The symptoms can be extremely uncomfortable and last for a long time, but they can be minimized by slowly tapering off the medication.
Benzodiazepines are extremely addictive and should be taken only for a short period of duration - typically not more than 4 weeks. You will need to monitor your heart rate, blood pressure and breathing closely during this time so that you don't have a severe reaction. Talk to your doctor if you are considering using a benzoodiazepine.
Beta-blockers
Beta-blockers can be used to treat anxiety-related symptoms. These drugs block adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, preventing the hormone from triggering physical responses such as heart palpitations and tremors. These medications are typically used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues, but they can also be prescribed off-label for anxiety-related disorders.
If you are stressed your body releases a chemical called Adrenaline. This chemical signals your body to prepare itself for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds beta receptors found in the brain and heart which causes your heart to beat more quickly and causing other physical reactions. Beta-blockers, which are the name of a class of medication that is used to treat hypertension and other heart ailments they work by preventing the binding action of adrenaline, which helps to reduce your heart rate and blood pressure.
Beta-blockers are quick to work, unlike SSRIs or benzodiazepines that require a long time to show improvement in symptoms. They are a good option for those who need immediate relief from anxiety symptoms. For example, those who have to give an address in public or travel in a plane. They can also be a great option for those suffering from anxiety and chronic heart conditions, such as atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure.
Although beta-blockers are effective in decreasing physical symptoms of anxiety, they fail to tackle the root cause of the disorder. They are therefore only prescribed as part of an extensive treatment plan that includes lifestyle changes and counseling. However, they are an option for those who have tried other anti-anxiety medications but haven't found them to be effective or cause unacceptable side effects.
There are several different types of beta-blockers such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will determine which beta-blocker is right for you depending on your medical history and current health status. These medications can trigger negative side effects like low blood pressure or fatigue. It is important to discuss your options with your physician.
MAOIs
The first MAOIs were developed in the 1950s. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants that can treat depression and anxiety disorders. However, they're not commonly used as often as SSRIs or other antidepressants due to the need for strict diet restrictions and the potential for interactions with drugs. Some MAOIs come in tablet form and can be taken orally, whereas others (such Emsam) are applied as a transdermal skin patch.
MAOIs block the action of MAO and increase the amount of norepinephrine as well as serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters are involved in sleep, mood, appetite, and sexual function. MAOIs also have anti-anxiety effects. They are more likely than TCAs or SSRIs to cause adverse effects and carry warnings regarding suicide.
Your doctor may prescribe additional medicines or treatments to manage your symptoms, in addition to the MAOIs below. Beta-blockers, such as propranolol is frequently prescribed to alleviate the physical symptoms that are associated with anxiety. Your doctor might also suggest a relaxation method or other at-home treatments to help ease your symptoms.
Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 as part of research into tuberculosis. It was soon discovered to have mood-elevating qualities and is considered to be the first antidepressant medication. Generally, MAOIs are only employed when other antidepressants fail to work, as they may cause serious adverse reactions that require immediate medical attention.
If you take an MAOI and consume foods that contain the chemical tyramine that is found in a variety of cheeses, red meats, fish, shellfish, and certain dietary supplements, it can cause a dangerous reaction that results in high blood pressure. The symptoms of this serious reaction include a throbbing headache, nausea vomiting, as well as a fast heart rate. MAOIs may also interact with other medications and cause serious side effects, such as suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
Your doctor will discuss your diet needs with you before prescribing MAOIs. They will instruct you to stay clear of eating food items that contain tyramine when you are taking the drug. They will also provide a list of food items that are safe to consume when taking MAOIs. This food guide will help you avoid MAOI-related symptoms.