American bankers financed the Bolsheviks and personally Comrade Dzhugashvili Stalin.
A conspiracy is the illegal actions of a small, secretly working group of people who set out to take a turn in the development of historical events, for example, to overthrow the government. A conspiracy theory is an attempt to explain an event, or series of events, as the result of a conspiracy.
When writing about the role of Dzhugashvili-Stalin in history, they usually miss one very important point: he was primarily a revolutionary, a Bolshevik. First a private, then one of the leaders, and in 1922 he became a Bolshevik leader. Now there is a lot of factual material proving that the Russian revolutionary parties of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were financed from abroad: either by the special services of foreign states or by foreign bankers.
It is clear that intelligence officers and bankers are people who are least prone to altruism. They gave money to the revolutionaries for a reason, but for certain purposes. He who pays the piper calls the tune. If you understand who exactly was the sponsor of a particular organization, you can understand what specific goals they sought from the coming of the revolutionaries to power.
American historian, Stanford University professor Anthony Sutton in his 1974 book "Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution" documented that the Bolsheviks received money from several of the largest American banks. Moreover, the financing of the revolution was not limited. After the establishment of Bolshevik power and the end of the Civil War, the Americans invested in the "Stalinist" industrialization and technical equipment of the army. Why did the American bankers need a technically equipped and well-armed power with a communist ideology?
America's strength is in the dollar. The US Federal Reserve System produces, roughly speaking, colored paper, in exchange for which you can get any material benefits. As long as the dollar is used in international payments, as long as real goods and services are sold for the dollar, the wealth of the United States will be inexhaustible. But that wasn't always the case. At the beginning of the 20th century, the dollar was a little-demanded currency, almost without circulation outside the United States. The main world currencies at that time were the British pound sterling and the French franc.
Let us give a very characteristic example, which is also related to the financing of the revolution in Russia. The deputy head of the combat organization of the Socialist-Revolutionaries, B. Savinkov, in his book "Memoirs of a Terrorist", reports that in February 1905 "a donation from American millionaires in the amount of a million francs was received for the Russian Revolution, and the Americans put a condition that this money, firstly, go to the hands of the people and, secondly, be distributed among all revolutionary parties." Why did the Americans have to give the revolutionaries francs and not dollars? Because the dollar at that time neither in Europe nor in Russia was almost useless.
In order for the dollar to become the world's main currency, it was necessary to displace the main world currencies of the early 20th century - the French franc and the British pound sterling. Therefore, the main task of America was the weakening of currencies competing with the dollar. The easiest and most effective way to weaken a country's currency is to weaken that country itself, for example, through war.
Victory in the war depends, first of all, on the availability of resources - human and raw materials. The strength of the main competitors of the United States - Great Britain and France - was firstly in the colonies, and secondly - in allied relations with Russia. And the most ideal option for the Americans was this: Russia ceases to be an ally of England and France and begins to destroy the colonial system.
The February Revolution of 1917 led to the overthrow of the monarchy in Russia, the Provisional Government was formed approximately in half from representatives of the revolutionaries and the bourgeoisie, then chaos, anarchy and general collapse began in the country, especially after Kerensky became the chairman of the Provisional Government, who, firstly, became it with the help of the Bolsheviks, and secondly, heading the Provisional Government, clearly played along with the Bolsheviks, destroying the Russian army capable of resisting them. Then the Bolsheviks take power.
To understand the importance of what is happening in Russia for America, we note this fact: from the end of July to the end of December 1917, the director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, W. Thompson, was in Russia - one of the most important people in the Fed. He was a co-owner of one of the main American banks of the time, Chase National Bank, together with D. Rockefeller. Thompson came to Russia under the guise of a member of the delegation of the American Red Cross. Appreciate the "sense of humor" - one of the main bankers for six months abandoned all his affairs and went to Russia to take care of the sick and wounded. The ACC mission to Russia in general was very strange: of the 24 members of this delegation, only 7 were medical workers, all the rest were military and businessmen. And as an interpreter with Thompson came the revolutionary Reinstein.
In early August, Thompson arrives in Petrograd and begins to distribute money - both kerensky and the Bolsheviks. Simultaneously with Thompson's arrival in Petrograd, on August 5, 1917, Dzhugashvili-Stalin was elected a member of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b), on October 10 - a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee, and on October 16 - a member of the Military Revolutionary Center. He became not just one of the top leaders, but as if the deputy of Ulyanov-Lenin: at the 6th Congress of the RSDLP (b), instead of him with a political report on behalf of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) and with a report was made by Dzhugashvili-Stalin.
In the book by A. Ostrovsky "Who stood behind Stalin?" on the basis of unique archival documents analyzes his activities in the period from 1898 to March 1917. The author comes to the conclusion that "one of the issues that was within the competence of Stalin as a member of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) was the question of finances." And one of the Georgian revolutionaries, G. Uratadze, who in his youth sat with Dzhugashvili-Stalin in prison in the same cell, claims that he "was the main financier of the Bolshevik center."
Bankers have been eyeing Stalin since the beginning of his revolutionary career. In the mentioned book of A. Ostrovsky, many examples of the Caucasian Bolsheviks and Stalin personally received money from the manager of the Bibi-Heybat Oil Society A. Mancho are given. In 1901-1907, Stalin provided invaluable assistance to D. Rockefeller, who was the owner of the oil company Standard Oil. The main competitors in the world market of petroleum products then were Rockefeller's Standard Oil, which produced oil in the United States, and oil companies controlled by the Anglo-French Business Dynasty of the Rothschilds, which exported oil from Russia. Oil was extracted in Baku, from there it was delivered by rail to Batum, and from there by sea. And if oil was produced in Baku, in addition to the Rothschilds, and other oil companies, then its export from Russia was completely monopolized by the Rothschilds. The main "oil wars" took place between the Rothschilds and the Rockefellers.
Rockefeller's Standard Oil was vital to reduce or stop oil exports from Russia altogether, which required the disorganization of oil production enterprises in Baku and oil terminals and the oil port in Batum. Dzhugashvili-Stalin led strikes and demonstrations against local oil producers, including a prolonged strike at enterprises owned by the Rothschilds. "Standard Oil" hastened to take advantage of the unrest - quickly and successfully won for American kerosene markets lost in the fight against Russian oil. As for the Russian industry itself, the result was terrifying: two-thirds of the total number of oil bodies were destroyed, and exports were reduced to zero. Now it is clear why the "American millionaires" made in 1905 a "donation" to the Russian revolution, which Savinkov mentioned. And he tells only about one case, and how many such "donations" there were, history is silent.
Thompson was with Rockefeller co-owner of one bank, so he went to Russia, already knowing in advance about the "wonderful Georgian". Therefore, the nomination of Dzhugashvili-Stalin for the first roles in the Bolshevik party after the arrival of Thompson was not accidental. In the Russian press of that time there were many exposés that the Bolsheviks receive money from the Germans, but the family and business ties of German bankers stretching across the ocean were not traced at that time.
In the autumn of 1917, the Bolsheviks were brought to power, and now they had to fulfill their obligations: to begin the struggle against the European powers of the "old world" in the interests of the bankers who brought them to power.
Rothschild, Kissinger. Behind the closed door.
As you know, the modern world is governed by capital. Alas, this is a real picture of yesterday, today, and, perhaps, tomorrow. It so happened that as long as money exists, people (in the overwhelming majority, with the exception of individual righteous and madmen) will strive to possess it.
And for some, for various reasons, it will be more successful than others - this is the law of life. It is equally obvious that the owners of large fortunes will strive to at least preserve them, and even better - to increase them. And in order to achieve this goal, power is needed that allows you to most effectively solve the assigned tasks. That is, those who have real financial resources have real power.
It is these people (or rather, these groups) who really control the world economy and politics. Given that the amount of capital available is not unlimited, there is fierce competition between these groups for spheres of influence and access to sources of wealth. But for all that, all participants in such a competitive struggle are interested in clear rules of the global game and are forced to negotiate in order to avoid senseless losses. I think very few people will be able to object to these statements. But they, in their essence, are a summary of the so-called "conspiracy theory", at the mention of which many have a condescending grin on their faces: "Yes, yes, how did you hear - a global conspiracy, a secret world government, a" syndicate " , The "committee of 300", the Bilderberg club and other rubbish. "
It just so happened that many perceive the reasoning about the "conspiracy theory" as paranoid delirium, without bothering, however, at the same time to at least try to think about whether there is a rational grain in all this delirium. That is why this article appeared - as an attempt to independently, with our own eyes, look at the "conspiracy theory" in relation to our country.
Perhaps we should start with the definition given by George Entin, professor emeritus at the University of Pennsylvania, in his book Conspiracy Theories and the Conspiracy Mentality: “A conspiracy is the illegal actions of a small, secretly working group of people intent on making a turn in the course of historical events, for example to overthrow the government. Conspiracy theory is an attempt to explain an event, or series of events, as the result of a conspiracy. "
A fairly clear definition, in which there is only one "but": why the actions of the conspirators must necessarily be illegal? You can simply achieve the adoption of laws that ensure, in the end, the achievement of the desired goal. And then we just get an ordinary situation in which a group of influential persons sets a certain unannounced goal for themselves and achieves, using all the means at their disposal.
There are such situations all the time, even at the grassroots level. After all, no one is surprised that some large financial and industrial group promotes its own person to the State Duma or governor, using all available opportunities for this. And sometimes it even turns out that persons directly connected with crime are promoted to power. The same thing happens in other countries - large companies fund the election campaigns of candidates for senators, governors and presidents, and no one even thinks that this is just a special case of "conspiracy theory" in action. And in the same way, everyone is quite taken for granted when the president or prime minister of a country during a foreign visit lobbies for the interests of a large national corporation - it is believed that by this very leaders of the countries are simply promoting the interests of the state. One cannot help but recall the catch phrase "What's good for Boeing is good for America."
And hardly anyone will be surprised by the statement that the economy of his country is controlled by a narrow group of people (or rather, several groups), because this statement is true even for totalitarian regimes.
In the context of the internationalization of business, which is now entering the stage of globalization, the interests of industrial and financial groups of different countries intersect, and these groups themselves merge with each other or are absorbed by stronger and more experienced ones. But there are very few of these strongest and most experienced in the world arena. These include groups that have historically created powerful positions in the global economy and their names are well known. First of all, these are the Rothschilds and Rockefellers, since the vast majority of other groups are associated with these two clans and either depend on them (acting as agents), or are completely controlled by them - Morgan, Mellon, Coon, Loeb, Warburg, etc.
It makes no sense to go into the history of these two clans (although it is so fascinating that its film adaptation can overshadow all the world cinema masterpieces so far filmed) - anyone can easily find it on the Internet.
The history of relations between Russia and the Rothschilds began at the end of the 18th century. The Russian Empress Catherine II refused to send a punitive expeditionary corps (20 thousand Cossacks) to the English king George III to suppress the uprising in the colonies. This request was answered by Prince William I of Saxony, who provided mercenaries for; 8 million, paid in treasury securities. Its manager, A.M. Rothschild, accepted the paper at a discount, which he appropriated. Thus began the rise of the Rothschild family to the heights of financial power.
A.M. Rothschild also helped finance the preparations for the French Revolution. The son of Catherine II, Emperor Paul I, on November 28, 1798, received the title of “Grand Master of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem”. Napoleon Bonaparte in 1801 began negotiations with Paul on the joint withdrawal of the "pearl of the English crown" - India. On January 18, 1801, a secret order was sent to the ataman of the Don Army, Vasily Petrovich Orlov: 30 thousand Cossacks with artillery to move through Kazakhstan to Indus.
Supporters of England - the military governor of St. Petersburg Palen and Count Panin - organized a coup in favor of Alexander I. Russia was dragged into the war with Napoleon in Europe: the first war of 1805 - the defeat of the Russian-Austrian troops at Austerlitz; the second war of 1807 - the defeat of the Russian army in East Prussia. In 1807-1812, Russia, in alliance with Napoleon, carried out a continental blockade of England in naval wars. However, Napoleon did not go to England - everything ended for Russia with the war of 1812 and the capture of Moscow by the French.
The Napoleonic Wars served as an excellent mechanism for the production of money by international bankers. The Rothschild family benefited greatly from the creation of a banking network (London - Paris - Frankfurt am Main - Vienna - Naples), which covered most of Europe, as well as information exchange systems. By the end of the era of the Napoleonic wars, only the French branch of the family was worth 600 million francs and exceeded the capital of all other banks in France by 150 million. Nathan Rothschild brought the Bank of England (which had been a private bank since 1694) under family control - the bank became the main agent of their subsequent international expansion.
The Battle of Waterloo eliminated an extraordinary threat to the future activities of international bankers. The fact is that the Emperor Napoleon at the end realized that he, the French people and the French army had acted as an expendable pawn to ensure the financial power of the Rothschild family. The following words belong to him: “Money has no homeland; financiers have neither patriotism nor honesty; their only goal is profit. " He tried to introduce his own "continental system": monetary policy was aimed at the development of agriculture and industry. He strove to ensure that foreign trade did not govern the state. And he ended up with a reference to a deserted island.
In 1816 England demonetized silver and adopted the gold standard. By this time, the Rothschilds controlled a significant part of the gold reserves and fixed its price. Bullion prices were set twice daily on the London Gold Exchange by five leading dealers. They simply agreed (the natural essence of price competition) about the price at which they were willing to trade gold that day. Therefore, the adoption by any country of the gold standard meant that their monetary system was under the control of the Bank of England (Rothschilds), i.e. simply dependent on London bullion brokers.
In 1839-1843, the Minister of Finance of Russia E.F. Kankrin prepared a monetary reform to establish a firm exchange rate of bank notes in relation to the silver ruble. To prepare for the reform, he accelerated the accumulation of silver reserves, introduced a cost-saving regime and only halved military spending, attracted funds from the population through winning treasury tickets and bonds. In 1843, instead of banknotes, new paper money began to be issued - credit rubles, which were freely exchanged for silver in a 1: 1 ratio. The ruble has become a stable currency - something the Bank of England could not allow.
A landing from the Anglo-French squadron captured the Russian fortress Bomardsund (Baltic Sea) on August 16, 1854. In August of the same year, the Anglo-French landing force landed in Petropavlovsk-on-Kamchatka. The Turkish-French-English 60-thousandth landing in September of the same year landed in Evpatoria in the Crimea - a long-term defense of Sevastopol began. Austria and Sweden began to threaten Russia with war. In the face of the threat of Japanese aggression, Russia was forced to sign on February 7, 1855, a Russian-Japanese treaty on the division of the Kuril Islands and joint ownership of Sakhalin Island.
The huge post-war budget deficit led to the abolition of serfdom in 1861 - the state bought land from landlords in securities. The peasants became debtors of the state, were united into communities and returned the debt to their own state under collective responsibility with "real" money with 49-year installments and payment of 6% per annum. In 1862-1863. Minister of Finance M.H. Reitern made an attempt to stabilize the monetary system of Russia with additional gold backing at a fixed rate. For this reform, Russia received a large external loan, provided, of course, by the English Rothschilds, and in 1864 the first commercial credit bank appeared in our country. But after a few years, the budget deficit only increased. To cover the debt to the Rothschilds in 1867, it was decided to sell Alaska to the United States of America for $ 7.3 million (although the money has not yet been received - the ship on which they were allegedly transported from the United States sank before reaching St. Petersburg ). In the end, Russia abandoned the gold backing.
It is interesting, by the way, that the history of Russia and the United States has quite a few intersections, many of which are associated with the Rothschilds. So, being true to their tradition of making money in wars, during the Civil War on the North American continent, the Rothschilds financed both warring parties: the Rothschild Bank of London financed the army of the North, and the Paris bank financed the army of the South. Upon learning of this, Lincoln refused to pay huge interest to the Rothschilds in 1862 and 1863. Moreover, he instructed Congress to start printing dollars in order to be able to pay off the army of the North. In 1864, Lincoln learned that the Russian Emperor Alexander II had opposed the Rothschilds, rejecting their continuous efforts to establish a central bank under their control in Russia. The same struggle against the Rothschilds, but already in America, was waged by Lincoln himself. He turned to Alexander II with a request to assist in the civil war, and the Russian emperor responded to this request by sending an Atlantic squadron under the command of Admiral Popov to the port of New York, and Admiral Lisovsky's Pacific squadron to San Francisco. He ordered Popov and Lisovsky "to be ready for battle with any enemy forces and to take command of Lincoln," thereby making it clear to England, France and Spain that in the event of their intervention, Russia would support President Lincoln. In the end, what happened happened - Lincoln won the civil war, but the Rothschilds harbored a grudge against both him and Alexander II.
The main task of the Rothschilds in Russia in the 19th century was to establish control over the oil fields in Baku. And this result was achieved, which was facilitated by the results of the Russian-Turkish war - Russia received Batum.
However, this was preceded by a very serious behind-the-scenes struggle, to which our country, paradoxically, had almost nothing to do with it. Actually, England was initially categorically opposed. Peter Shuvalov, who, on behalf of Alexander II, conducted secret negotiations with the British government, reported to the emperor about the existence of a secret Anglo-Turkish treaty: "If Batum, Ardahan, Kars or one of these places will be retained by Russia," this document read. England pledges to help the Sultan defend Turkey's Asian possessions by force of arms. Actually, the Russian autocrat was quite ready to agree to leave Batum to Turkey, but suddenly, contrary to all expectations, the British nevertheless agreed to hand it over to Russia.
It was only many years later that it became clear that behind the scenes of these diplomatic maneuvers there were really two powerful forces - the Parisian banking house of the Rothschilds and the American oil company "Standard Oil" by Rockefeller. The Rothschilds needed to ensure that Batum in any form would be under the jurisdiction of Russia, while Rockefeller tried to prevent the Rothschilds from entering the Caucasus. But the matter ended with the fact that on August 25, 1878, the Russian army entered Batum under the leadership of Prince Svyatopolk-Mirsky.
And so, since 1886, the Rothschild Brothers French banking house, which bought shares in the Caspian-Black Sea Oil Industrial and Commercial Society, began to take an active part in the development of the oil industry in the Caucasus. But first, he had to face serious competition, since back in 1879, the Nobel Brothers Oil Production Partnership was registered in Baku. However, the rivalry was not very long. Taking advantage of the fact that lending in Russia was carried out at the rate of 6% per annum, the Rothschilds issued loans at 2 - 3%. Thus, by 1888, this family had acquired almost half of all the cars of the Transcaucasian railway, made a significant number of small and medium-sized enterprises dependent on itself, and concentrated large consignments of Baku oil products in their hands. From that moment on, the Rothschilds began to establish full control over the transportation of oil products for export.
Events developed according to a proven scenario: the Rothschilds traditionally lent with "cheap" money to small Russian oil owners in exchange for guarantees to purchase oil they produced at favorable prices for themselves, enough to make the business of the Nobels who built the Baku-Batum pipeline unprofitable. By the way, it was eventually built (including thanks to dynamite invented by Alfred Nobel) and even put into operation in 1889, but this did not help to win the fight against the Rothschilds, who had enormous financial resources. As a result, Baku oil almost completely fell under the control of the Rothschilds, and Russia became the largest oil supplier in the world after the United States. In 1900, the oil fields of Baku in Russia produced more crude oil than in the entire US, and in 1902 more than half of the world's oil was produced in Russia.
Of course, Rockefeller could not come to terms with this state of affairs. And the way out was found - the revolution in Russia. As evidenced by documents from the United States Congress, John D. Rockefeller provided financial support to Lenin and Trotsky from the early years of the twentieth century, strengthening it after the failure of the 1905 revolution. The most active work began in January 1917, when Rockefeller's partner Jacob Schiff began funding Trotsky to bring about a socialist revolution in Russia. Trotsky was brought to the United States, where he lived for free in a Standard Oil property in Bayonne, New Jersey.
There is evidence of the financing of the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 by the Jewish capital, since the Schiffs were longtime partners of the Rothschilds - even in Frankfurt, living with them under the same roof.
When Nicholas II abdicated the throne in 1917, Trotsky, with $ 10,000, which Rockefeller had allocated to him for travel expenses, went with a group of 300 revolutionaries to Europe. However, on the way, he was detained by the Canadian authorities at the request of the British "pending further instructions." Recovering himself, the British Prime Minister Lloyd George telegraphed urgent orders from London to the Canadian Secret Service to immediately release Trotsky, but they did not pay enough attention to this.
If you believe the statements of the head of the Soviet government, Valentin Pavlov, made in the spring of 1991, the Rothschilds were preparing a geopolitical conspiracy against the USSR. In this regard, it is worth remembering how perestroika began. In the late 1980s, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev authorized the creation in Moscow of a powerful international commercial Bank for Public Finance and National Programs Lending (BNP). Its main shareholder was supposed to be the Swiss bank of the Rothschilds Banque Privee Edmond de RothschildSA. Claiming to gain total control over the economy of the Soviet Union, the Rothschilds demanded that the Commission for the Study of Natural Forces and Resources of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR take a complete inventory of all the country's continental resources. But here the KGB, so hated by foreigners, intervened, declaring that the leaders of a number of joint ventures connected to the creation of the BNP were connected with the international mafia (including the drug mafia). At the same time, it was established that the main stream of income of drug syndicates went to Switzerland, where part of it settled in the banks of the Rothschilds. Of course, the brewing scandal was ultimately extinguished, and in exchange for this, the Rothschilds, through the firms they control, began to finance the restructuring. The result surpassed all the wildest expectations - the USSR collapsed, and the Rothschild clan got the opportunity to win back from the Rockefellers the positions lost after the 1917 revolution.
Actually, the facts of the modern history of Russia indicate that the Rothschilds are gradually achieving the desired result.
Heinrich Heine (the banker's son) said: "Money is the god of our time, and Rothschild is his prophet." "Give me the right to issue and control the country's money, and I will absolutely not care who makes the laws!" - This phrase was uttered at the beginning of the 19th century by Mayer Amschel Rothschild. His descendants conscientiously fulfilled the wishes of their great-grandfather. Today, the descendants of the Rothschilds largely dictate what the US Federal Reserve will do with the finances of America and, in fact, the whole world, since they also control the top of the UK and France.
The organizers of the Open Russia Foundation were Lord Rothschild and Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Chairman of the Board of Open Russia is Mikhail Khodorkovsky. The Board of Directors includes Henry Kissinger and Jacob Rothschild.