America Sister Sex
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America Sister Sex
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Ages of consent for sexual activity in jurisdictions of South America
^ "CODIGO PENAL DE LA NACION ARGENTINA" . servicios.infoleg.gob.ar . Retrieved 2019-10-06 .
^ "Ley N° 2033: Ley de Protección a las Víctimas de Delitos Contra la Libertad Sexual (Artículos 308º Bis, 309º, 318º)" . SILEP—Sistema de Información Legal del Estado Plurinacional . Archived from the original on 2019-08-11 . Retrieved 2020-03-10 .
^ "Bolivia. Ley (No. 2033 ) de Protección a las Víctimas de Delitos Contra la Libertad Sexual, 1999" . www.ilo.org . Retrieved 2019-10-06 .
^ "Ley Integral Para Garantizar a las Mujeres una Vida Libre de Violencia" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-10 . Retrieved 2020-03-10 .
^ "Observatorio de Igualdad de Género" . Observatorio de Igualdad de Género (in Spanish) . Retrieved 2019-10-06 .
^ "El Regimen Juridico de la Familia, del Parentesco, de la asistencia y del Patrimonio Familiar" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on November 15, 2019 . Retrieved March 17, 2021 .
^ Brazilian Penal Code - official text (in Portuguese) "DEL2848compilado" . Archived from the original on 2016-03-13 . Retrieved 2018-12-31 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link ) (see Article 217-A)
^ "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional" . 2006-12-06. Archived from the original on 2006-12-06 . Retrieved 2019-10-06 .
^ "Leyes desde 1992 - Vigencia expresa y control de constitucionalidad [LEY_1236_2008]" . www.secretariasenado.gov.co .
^ "Código Penal Colombiano (ley 599 de 2000)" (PDF) .
^ "Codigo Organico Integral Penal" (PDF) . February 10, 2014 . Retrieved March 17, 2021 .
^ "Countries at the Crossroads 2006 - Guyana" . Refworld . Freedom House. August 3, 2006. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012 . Retrieved March 17, 2021 .
^ "National Assembly fixes age of consent at 16" . October 28, 2005.
^ "November 2006" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-21 . Retrieved 2007-09-27 .
^ "GLIN.gov – Changes introduced by Law 3440/2008" (in Spanish). (click on PDF file in “texto completo”)
^ "Pleno Reconsidero Exoneracion de Sedunda Votacion a Proyecto Sobre Libertad Sexual" [House Reconsidered and Excluded Second Vote for Project on Sexual Freedom] (in Spanish). El Heraldo. 2007-06-27 . Retrieved 2010-09-02 .
^ Lindsay Goldwert (2007-06-22). "Peru Lowers Age Of Consent To 14" . CBS NEWS . Retrieved 2009-12-02 .
^ "Demanda de inconstitucionalidad interpuesta por diez mil seiscientos nueve ciudadanos contra el artículo 1° de la Ley N° 28704 que modifica el artículo 173°, inciso 3° del Código Penal, sobre delito de violación sexual contra víctima entre 14 y 18 años de edad" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2013-01-07.
^ "Codigo Penal Decreto Legislativo No 635" (PDF) . August 4, 1991 . Retrieved March 17, 2021 .
^ "Suriname" . U.S. Department of State .
^ Jump up to: a b "uruguayan-plebiscite-vote-a-rejection-of-the-uruguayan-military-dictatorship-dec-8-1980-2-pp" . Human Rights Documents online . doi : 10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-1224-0119 . Retrieved 2021-07-07 .
^ "Venezuelan Penal Code" . Archived from the original on 19 January 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Ley N° 2033: Ley de Protección a las Víctimas de Delitos Contra la Libertad Sexual (Artículos 308º Bis, 309º, 318º)" [Law for the Protection of Victims of Crimes Against Sexual Freedom]. SILEP—Sistema de Información Legal del Estado Plurinacional (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2019-08-11 . Retrieved 2020-03-09 .
^ "Observatorio de Igualdad de Género" . Observatorio de Igualdad de Género (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2019-10-23 . Retrieved 2019-10-06 .
^ "Ley Integral Para Garantizar a las Mujeres una Vida Libre de Violencia" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-10 . Retrieved 2016-03-10 .
^ "Bolivia. Ley (No. 2033 ) de Protección a las Víctimas de Delitos Contra la Libertad Sexual, 1999" . www.ilo.org . Archived from the original on 2019-09-08 . Retrieved 2019-10-06 .
^ "Codigo de Familia" [Family Law] (PDF) (in Spanish). pp. 10–11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-11-15 . Retrieved 2019-08-11 .
^ Jump up to: a b "MSN Notícias | Notícias de hoje do Brasil e do mundo e agenda do dia" . www.msn.com . Retrieved 2021-07-07 .
^ Jump up to: a b "DA APLICAÇÃO DA LEI PENAL" [Criminal Law Application] (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 13 March 2016.
^ "Brazil's Constitution of 1988 with Amendments through 2014" (PDF) . constituteproject.org . 2019. p. 153. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2019 . Retrieved 20 March 2020 . Minors under eighteen years of age are not criminally responsible, subject to rules of special legislation.
^ (in Portuguese) Fonte do Saber – Violência sexual presumida para menores de 14 anos Archived 2009-04-10 at the Wayback Machine
^ (in Portuguese) A problemática da presunção de violência nos crimes contra os costumes Archived 2010-12-13 at the Wayback Machine ( The matter of presumption of violence in crimes against morals ) (Prudente, Neemias Moretti – Boletim Jurídico, Edição 201)
^ Jump up to: a b c d "1940 Brazilian Penal Code" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2011-02-17 . Retrieved 2011-02-08 .
^ "Code of Minors" . Archived from the original on 2011-02-20 . Retrieved 2011-02-08 .
^ Jump up to: a b c "Cod-Penal 12-Nov-1874 Ministerio de Justicia" . 1874-11-12. Archived from the original on 2015-02-16 . Retrieved 2015-02-16 .
^ "Codigo Penal" [Chilean Penal Code]. Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional (BCN) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 December 2006.
^ "Ley-19617 12-Jul-1999 Ministerio de Justicia" (in Spanish). 1999-07-12. Archived from the original on 2015-02-16 . Retrieved 2015-02-15 .
^ "Changing times in Chile?" . British Broadcasting Corporation . Archived from the original on 2018-08-19 . Retrieved 2018-06-21 .
^ "Tribunal Constitucional: Relaciones lésbicas son legales desde los 14 años y las gays desde los 18 – Movilh Chile" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2015-02-16 . Retrieved 2015-02-16 .
^ "CONAPRED - Noticia: El Tribunal Constitucional de Chile considera que las relaciones lsbicas son siempre legales, a diferencia de las gays" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2015-02-16 . Retrieved 2015-02-16 .
^ "El Tribunal Constitucional valida un artículo del Código Penal que la mitad de sus ministros califican de homofóbico" . www.movilh.cl (in European Spanish) . Retrieved 19 August 2018 .
^ "Histórico: Chile elimina su última ley homofóbica e iguala la edad de consentimiento sexual para homosexuales y heterosexuales" (in Spanish) . Retrieved 20 August 2022 .
^ "Ley Tamara avanza a tercer trámite" . Senado (in Spanish) . Retrieved 20 August 2022 .
^ "LEY NÚM. 21.483 MODIFICA EL CÓDIGO PENAL PARA REFORZAR LA PROTECCIÓN PENAL A LA INFANCIA Y A OTRAS PERSONAS QUE INDICA" (PDF) (in Spanish) . Retrieved 26 August 2022 .
^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-02-08 . Retrieved 2015-02-15 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )
^ Jump up to: a b c "Leyes desde 1992 – Vigencia expresa y control de constitucionalidad" [Laws of 1992 – Express validity and constitutional control] (in Spanish). 23 July 2008. Archived from the original on 11 August 2019 . Retrieved 11 August 2019 .
^ "Archived copy" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-08-11 . Retrieved 2019-08-11 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )
^ "Leyes desde 1992 - Vigencia expresa y control de constitucionalidad [CODIGO_CIVIL_PR003]" . www.secretariasenado.gov.co . Retrieved 2021-07-07 .
^ "Leyes desde 1992 - Vigencia expresa y control de constitucionalidad [CODIGO_CIVIL_PR004]" . Archived from the original on 2019-05-18 . Retrieved 2019-09-30 .
^ "Archived copy" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-08-11 . Retrieved 2019-08-11 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )
^ Jump up to: a b c "Codigo Organico Integral Penal" [Comprehensive Criminal Code] (PDF) (in Spanish). National assembly of Ecuador. 10 February 2014 . Retrieved 20 March 2020 .
^ "Codigo de Menores" [Childhood and Adolescence Code] (in Spanish). National Assembly of Ecuador. 3 January 2003. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
^ David A. Gerstner (ed.). Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture . p. 655.
^ "Addressing Gender-based Violence in Guyana - Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada (DFATD)" . Archived from the original on 2014-08-11 . Retrieved 2010-05-20 .
^ "National Assembly fixes age of consent at 16 « Women's Issues in Guyana" . Archived from the original on 2011-07-18 . Retrieved 2010-05-20 .
^ "UNHCR | Refworld | Countries at the Crossroads 2006 - Guyana" . Archived from the original on 2012-10-12 . Retrieved 2010-05-20 .
^ "November 2006" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-21 . Retrieved 2007-09-27 .
^ "GLIN.gov – Changes introduced by Law 3440/2008" (in Spanish). (click on PDF file in “texto completo”)
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Código Penal de Paraguay" [Penal Code of Paraguay] (PDF) . Organization of American States (OAS) (in Spanish). Washington, DC. 1997. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-03-20 . Retrieved 2020-03-20 .
^ "Law 3440/2008" .
^ Lindsay Goldwert (2007-06-22). "Peru Lowers Age Of Consent To 14" . CBS NEWS . Archived from the original on 2010-03-10 . Retrieved 2009-12-02 .
^ "Pleno Reconsidero Exoneracion de Sedunda Votacion a Proyecto Sobre Libertad Sexual" [House Reconsidered and Excluded Second Vote for Project on Sexual Freedom] (in Spanish). El Heraldo. 2007-06-27. Archived from the original on 2012-04-01 . Retrieved 2010-09-02 .
^ "Demanda de inconstitucionalidad interpuesta por diez mil seiscientos nueve ciudadanos contra el artículo 1° de la Ley N° 28704 que modifica el artículo 173°, inciso 3° del Código Penal, sobre delito de violación sexual contra víctima entre 14 y 18 años de edad" [Lawsuit of unconstitutionality filed by 10,609 citizens against the first article of law No. 28704 that modifies Article 173, subsection 3, of the Penal Code, about the crime of rape against victims aged 14–18.] (PDF) (in Spanish). 2013-01-07. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-03-13 . Retrieved 2013-01-10 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Codigo Penal" [Penal Code] (PDF) . Congress of Peru (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2019 . Retrieved 20 March 2020 .
^ "Codigo Penal Articulo 272" [Uruguayan Penal Code article 272] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2016-07-26 . Retrieved 2017-01-16 .
^ "Código Penal" . www.impo.com.uy . Retrieved 2021-07-07 .
^ "Código Penal" . www.impo.com.uy . Retrieved 2021-07-07 .
^ "2010 Country Report on Suriname" . Country Reports on Human Rights Practices . United States Department of State. 8 April 2011. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020 . Retrieved 20 March 2020 .
^ "Venezuelan Penal Code" . [ dead link ]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Codigo Penal" [Old Venezuelan Penal Code of 2000] (PDF) (in Spanish). 20 October 2000. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2019 . Retrieved 23 December 2019 . (Articles 375 - 379)
^ "Venezuelan Organic Law of 2007" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-11 . Retrieved 2019-12-23 . (Articles 2, 259, 260)
The age of consent for sexual activity refers to an age at or above which an individual can engage in unfettered sexual relations with another who is of the same age or older. This age varies by jurisdiction across South America , codified in laws which may also stipulate the specific activities that are permitted or the gender of participants for different ages. Other variables may exist, such as close-in-age exemptions.
In South America, the only country where male same-sex sexual conduct is illegal is Guyana . The only countries with a higher age of consent for same-sex sexual relations than opposite-sex ones are Paraguay and Suriname .
Scope: all jurisdictions per list of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America , with discussion of applicable laws.
In South America , countries have varying levels of restriction of sexual activities with minors . The age above which there are no restrictions confers full sexual autonomy with respect to the law. The minimum age of consent is the age at which someone can legally give consent, which may include certain restrictions. Sexual acts with someone under the minimum age are legally classified as sexual abuse .
Different jurisdictions express these definitions differently, like Argentina, may say the age of consent is 18, but an exception is made down to 13 years of age, if the older partner is not in a position of authority over the younger one. The data below reflects what each jurisdiction's legislation actually means, rather than what it states on the surface.
In Argentina , the age at which there are no restrictions for sexual activities is 18 . [ citation needed ] , regardless of gender or sexual orientation [ citation needed ]
Sexual acts with children younger than 13 are illegal [ citation needed ] . Sexual relations with teens 13–18 are addressed by several laws [ citation needed ] . None of these laws explicitly outlaw such relations, but makes them open to prosecution under certain circumstances (such as if the relationship is considered exploitative or if the minor was "corrupted").
Restrictions apply for sex with adolescents between the ages of 13 and 16 (Argentine Penal Code, Article 120) . Charges can be brought only after a complaint by the minor , their parent or guardian – (Argentine Penal Code Article 72) (however, the State prosecutes when the minor has no parent or legal guardian, or when the offender is one of them).
The restrictions mentioned above (for ages between 13 and 16) apply whenever someone over 18, taking advantage of the sexual immaturity of the minor or of his/her superiority ( preeminencia ) with respect to the minor, practices one of the following acts:
There is also a further Argentine law, 'Corruption of minors', which can bring charges to those manipulating minors below the age of 18 into having sexual relations – (Argentine Penal Code Article 125 – in Spanish) .
ARTICULO 125. – El que promoviere o facilitare la corrupción de menores de dieciocho años , aunque mediare el consentimiento de la víctima será reprimido con reclusión o prisión de tres a diez años.
Approximate translation: ARTICLE 125. – Anyone who promotes or facilitates the corruption of persons under eighteen , even with the consent of the victim shall be punished with seclusion or imprisonment of three to ten years.
Penalties are aggravated in three situations:
The age of consent in Bolivia is set at 14, as per Art. 308 Bis, Violación de Niño, Niña o Adolecente (Rape of Boys, Girls and Adolescents), [23] which punishes rape (Spanish: violación ) of children under 14, "even without the use of force or intimidation and when consent is alleged" ( así no haya uso de la fuerza o intimidación y se alegue consentimiento ). There is a close-in-age exemption of three years for adolescents of ages 12 and older. [24] [25] [26]
There is also the crime of estupro , which is carnal access using seduction or deceit, with adolescents aged 14–18 (Art. 09). [23]
"Corruption of minors" (Article 318) brings charges to those that "through libidinous acts or by any other means, corrupts or contributes to corrupt" minors below the age of 18, with penalty of loss of liberty of 1–5 years. [23]
The Bolivian Family Code (Art. 44 and 53) allows marriage if the male is 16 years or older and if the female is 14 years or older with parental approval, with judicial discretion in the case of a dispute. [27]
In Brazil , the age of consent is 14, regardless of gender or sexual orientation. Although not legally formalized, there is judicial precedent allowing a close-in-age exception for those aged 12–13 to engage in sexual activity with partners who are as much as 5 years older. [28] The age at which there are no restrictions for sexual activities is 14.
Sex with minors below the age of 14 (for all those older than 18), [28] is equivalent to statutory rape and is legally defined by Art. 217-A of the Brazilian Penal Code as the "rape of a vulnerable person" (Portuguese: Estupro de vulnerável ), with a penalty of 8–15 years imprisonment. [29]
The prostitution of minors (all ages under 18) is punished by law and is prosecuted by the state [ citation needed ] as a crime against family care, Art. 244–247, as well as Art. 218-B, 227, 230, 231 and 231-A. [29] The law makes no distinctions between sexual orientation cases.
Only individuals aged 18 or older can be criminally charged, since this is the Brazilian age of criminal responsibility codified in Art. 228 of the Constitution of Brazil . [30]
The Brazilian Imperial Code , in Art. 219, added by Notice 512 of 1862, established the age of 17 for legal presumption of violence in sexual relations. [31] Later, the Republican Penal Code of 1890, in Art. 272, lowered this age to 16. [32]
The Penal Code of 1940 further lowered the presumption of violence in sexual acts (equivalent of statutory rape ) to 14 (Art. 224-A), but consensual sex with adolescents aged 14–17 could still be prosecuted under "corruption of minors" (Art. 218) or "seduction of minors" (Art. 217) while, in both cases, only parents could file charges to form a lawsuit (Art. 225).
Sex with young adolescents aged 12–13, although under the age of statutory rape, were then also prosecutable only by parents (Art. 225), [33] while sex with those younger than 12 was prosecuted by the state based on the legal definition of a child in the Code of Minors. [34]
As an exception, the state could prosecute the offender when the minor was at any age below 18 but only when the family of the minor was so poor that they couldn't afford a lawsuit, or when the offender was the father, mother, stepfather, stepmother or legal guardian of the minor (Penal Code, Art. 225, I & II ).
In March 2005, the crime of seduction of minors (Art. 217) was abolished by the Brazilian Congress. It had been applicable only when the victim was a virgin female aged 14–18. [33]
In August 2009, the crime of corruption of minors (Art. 218) referring to consensual acts with adolescents aged 14–17 without parental consent, was abolished by Law 12.015/2009. The crime was replaced with a new one under the same name but now applicable to sexual acts with minors below 14 and prosecutable by the state (Art. 225). [33]
The crime of sexual harassment (Art. 216-A) practiced in situations of hierarchical superiority or ascendency in a job , position or occupation is now punishable with a higher penalty if the victim is less than 18 years of age. [33]
In Chile , the age at which there are no restrictions for sexual activities is 18, while the minimum
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