Algiers buying blow

__________________________

📍 Verified store!

📍 Guarantees! Quality! Reviews!

__________________________

▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼

▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲

Algiers buying blow

A 1,kilometre pipeline which lies empty is an unusual sight. All the more so when it links two continents Africa and Europe and four countries Algeria, Morocco, Spain and Portugal. Building its underwater section under the Strait of Gibraltar was a technical feat of the Italian company Saipem which, in the early s, had conceived and constructed the first underwater gas pipeline in the world linking Tunisia and Italy, under the Strait of Sicily. The flow of gas in the Enrico Mattei pipeline which carries Algerian gas to Italy through Tunisia has never been interrupted since Nor have the exports of Algerian liquefied natural gas LNG - through a revolutionary process developed by Shell in Arzew in the early s. The crisis in the Maghreb has parallels with the recurring tensions between Russia and Ukraine which pushed Russia to build the Nord Stream 1 and 2 gas pipelines to avoid depending on transit through Ukraine. However, as from 1 November, Algerian gas is no longer exported to and through Morocco, through the Maghreb-Europe Gas Pipeline also known as Pere Duran Farell pipeline which has been up and running since Thus, in this context, Spain has, since late summer, been receiving a greater volume of gas through the two lines supplying it from Algeria than the contractual volume. Algeria could also increase it gas exports to Italy via the Transmed gasline if Italy and Spain can find a way of swapping gas. Morocco for its part will have to fall back on other energy sources, though it has asked Spain to consider setting up a reverse-flow system on the MGE. Such a system requires time and money to set up. The Alawi kingdom will have to increase output from its coal-fired plants and, if it is available, import more electricity from Spain. The MGE has a capacity of 13 bcm but, in , only 7 bcm was passing through the pipeline, of which 2. Medgaz will have a capacity of Algeria has scrupulously honoured its foreign gas contracts ever since it started exporting gas, in LNG form, to the United Kingdom in and by pipeline to Italy in As the two north African countries turn their back on one another the high hopes of industrial cooperation which existed in have been dashed and with them the opportunity of creating a chemical Maghreb which would have inserted the region more closely into world trade. Hundreds of thousands of potential jobs will go missing in a region where youth unemployment and poverty are high, and rising. The pipeline could have brought greater wealth and stability. It has come to symbolise the lack of leadership which has bedevilled North Africa for decades. Algerian and Moroccan rulers have been incapable of building any form of regional economic cooperation that would have given younger people hope of a better future and the Maghreb a voice on the world stage. The mistrust between Algeria and Morocco goes back nearly six decades. Competition to be the leading regional power is at the heart of this bitter rivalry which has prevented broader economic cooperation between North African countries from Tunisia to Mauretania. Failure to open borders and encourage trade and investment across the Maghreb has shaved at least 2 percentage points off growth, encouraged the flight of capital, and denied a region where unemployment is high massive amounts of investment, both private and public, national and international. Neither the EU nor the United States has been able - critics would argue, willing, to bring the two countries closer. The Western Sahara is, in diplomatic terms, a frozen conflict. Seventeen years after he made that statement, nothing much has changed. The international status of the former Spanish colony remains in limbo but Morocco is unlikely to relinquish its claim. Europe never engaged strategically with North Africa. The empty pipeline also speaks an EU unable to think strategically about a region which is important for its security because its member states are divided. Europe has failed to live up to the challenge of its turbulent frontiers and the arc of crisis which, for a quarter of a century, spread from the Baltic states to Morocco. The West has indulged in wars of choice which have destabilised a region bedevilled by long-standing domestic and regional conflicts. One of the key reasons the EU never engaged with North Africa is that it never offered the region the kind of economic integration that Germany did to its Eastern European hinterland. While the Union lacked the attributes of traditional military superpower it could project global leadership by promoting such norms as democracy, rule of law, human rights and social solidarity. Such lofty aspirations however never formed the real basis of German, or for that matter French foreign policy. Yet, it was never the intention of France, the key player in this game, to offer its former colonies a partnership in industrial development. In such circumstances, the enhanced economic cooperation offered by the Barcelona Process in failed to live up to its promise because it never went beyond dressing up existing mercantilist practises, particularly those France enjoyed, in new garb. It failed to address the opportunities offered by oil and gas, phosphates and fertilisers and the broader chemicals industry at a time when the European chemical landscape was vanishing and being remodelled in a radical way. The EU failed to spot the rapidly growing demand for fertiliser that the relentless increase in world food consumption would require. Chemicals such as vitamins, colouring agents, industrial dyes, to quote but a few, have left Europe. The Gulf has built a powerful chemical industry, not so Algeria and Morocco. Morocco in contrast has through its nimble phosphate monopoly, OCP Group, built up a network of joint ventures across Africa and in Brazil. Fertilisers derived from phosphates have been leveraged using management techniques worthy of any well managed international company. The emergence of new outside actors such as China, Turkey, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and older players such as Russia has allowed often precarious north African ruling elites to leverage new sources of military, trade and political ties to reduce their overdependence on Europe. So far, US has not disengaged from the region. Sonatrach meanwhile has been through so many scandals and corruption trials over ten years that it is the shadow of its former self. It is a testimony to the skills of its engineers that the proud company of the 80s and 90s has not been destroyed. In terms of investments and projects, the company which claims to have made 18 new discoveries last year has updated the volumes of hydrocarbons in place, to two and a half times what they were in This statistical sleight of hand fools no one in Algeria where falsifying statistics, notably on hard currency reserves, has become the norm in recent years. Sonatrach stopped importing diesel and gasoline in , and started exporting them for the first time in ten years but this had more to do with collapsing demand in Algeria due to Covid that anything else. Imports will increase again as projects to build a new refinery and a polypropylene plant in Hassi Messaoud, in collaboration with TotalEnergies and with Turkey are just that: projects on which building has not yet started. An often overlooked point is that Algeria holds the third largest unconventional gas reserves in the world. Fears are widespread in Algeria today that developing such reserves could endanger the deep Saharan aquifers but technology is moving fast. The State appears to be incapable of enacting deep economic reforms. It tried to do so thirty years ago but internal opposition got the better of the reformers. Political turmoil has not prevented Algeria being a very reliable providers of gas to all its foreign partners but joint ventures outside the exploration and production of hydrocarbons are few and far between, ruled out by a Jurassic parc regulatory policy and the endless game of managerial game of chairs which comes as a result of recent political turmoil. The closure of the Maghreb-Europe pipeline will further encourage the economic decoupling of countries on the two shores of the Western Mediterranean. As France draws down its forces in Mali, Algeria will step up its presence. As the tectonic plates move in the region, the EU has no new ideas, let alone policies to offer. Might Chinese companies integrate the Maghreb in the years ahead? Such an outcome is less far-fetched that it might appear but the onus will be on North African countries. Europe might even be tempted by some kind of triangular perspective. Europe never engaged strategically with North Africa The empty pipeline also speaks an EU unable to think strategically about a region which is important for its security because its member states are divided. Sonatrach is a wounded giant Sonatrach meanwhile has been through so many scandals and corruption trials over ten years that it is the shadow of its former self. Will the Maghreb decouple from Europe? Back Search.

New blow: Algeria ends 2-decade friendship treaty with Spain

Algiers buying blow

It was the latest blow to increasingly wobbly relations between Algiers and Madrid — which depends on Algeria for its natural gas supply. Algeria backs the Polisario independence movement in the region, which rejects Morocco's annexation of Western Sahara. The Polisario are encamped in southern Algeria. The treaty dates to Spain was the former colonial power in Western Sahara until it was annexed by Morocco in Since then, Algeria and neighboring Morocco have had tense ties over the fate of the Western Sahara, at one point fighting a desert war. After offering its customers free adapters for Tesla's Superchargers, Ford is telling its customers to stop using them. That's not great for a broadcaster. Alabama fans are dealing with a whole new reality this season. Texas fans are coping after the Longhorns' first loss of the season. Week 8 brought with it a new outlook for many teams after a surprising Saturday of action. Which of them will remain unscathed and which will stumble? What, you're surprised that Nvidia's stock is crushing it again? Try these health and wellness tips to live your best week. UCF defensive back Braeden Marshall thought he had a pick-6 touchdown against Iowa State, but dropped the ball before crossing the goal line. Oregon moves into the top four after its win over Ohio State. Davante Adams is done with the Raiders after two-plus seasons in Las Vegas. The Mets had a magical run into October, but they have some big decisions to make this offseason. The former North Texas coach was in his first season running the OU offense. Blind Auditions continued in Week 2 of the reality singing competition as one coach hits the show's powerful new button. Tiant won games with six teams in his year MLB career. Newman remained down on the sideline for several minutes after sustaining a neck injury. He reportedly has movement in his limbs. The best high school competition from around the country gathered in Vegas for three days of high-level games. Selected edition. Sign in. Close this content. Read full article Associated Press. Link Copied. View comments. Recommended Stories. Yahoo Sports. Yahoo Finance. Yahoo Life. Yahoo TV.

Algiers buying blow