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Health Scope. The increasing development of urban areas, increasing energy consumption and rapid growth of the economy are some of the most important factors that threaten health and the environment 1 - 5. Nowadays, inattention to environmental and air pollution has led to a crisis in the condition of environmental resources 6 - The major source of air pollutants are from combined cycle processes, in terms of quality and quantity of fuel combustion 12 , The emissions from fuel combustion that are the most important are oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur and monoxide and are being discharged to the atmosphere through these sources 14 - Perhaps the greatest impact caused by air pollution is the increase in the numbers of morbidity and mortality 17 - The other effects of air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide, are sensitivity of the eyes, nose and throat, respiratory tract infections, headache, nausea, allergic reactions, chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease and death 20 , Several complex factors affect the phenomenon of transfer and dispersion of air pollutants around us. Temporal climate patterns in an area weather conditions and the geographic area under study affect how the emissions are transferred and dispersed 22 - On a cross-local scale, airflow or lack of airflow are two main factors that have an impact on the transition and dispersion process of pollutants 26 - Ahigher wind speed can affect the concentration of pollutants in urban areas 27 , Also, wind can create dilutes of the pollutants and distribute them quickly in the surrounding area Temporary climate patterns affect the general direction and dispersion of pollutants 27 , Distribution of emissions pollutants first depends on the type of pollution source such as source point or area and its characteristics. However, after leaving the source, other important factors, such as climate and topography of the area, affect its distribution and direction 31 , Modeling of air emissions is used to assess the distribution of pollutants in the environment or for forecasting emissions in different climatic conditions in the region 27 , By predicting the distribution and the spread of contamination, the method and rate of impact of production pollutant resources on the receiving environment can also be predicted 27 , 33 , Studies of the models of air emissions are done in an attempt to obtain useful information for the future implementation of air pollution control strategies 33 , In recent decades, air quality models have been widely used and are formed based on calculations done by computer. These models are used to predict the complicated effects of new pollution sources 2 , 4 , One of the models for simulation of pollution distribution is Screen3 35 , Screen3 was issued in by the united states environmental protection agency EPA in order to provide a simple method to estimate pollution concentration based on screening 37 , It can be applied to a point, surface, and volume source and for short-term spreading analysis 39 , The Screen3 model can calculate the maximum concentration in any number and any distance the user wants, in high or flat lands and at a distance of up to km 36 , 39 , This model was developed for the planning and implementing of air pollution control programs. One limitation of the Screen3 model is that it cannot separately calculate maximum multiple effects 35 , However, this may be possible using a method where different sources are considered as a united single source, and where the points of interest in the modeling are above the chimney with complex terrain selected in the software. Cora and Hung, in their study, determined the maximum allowable concentration of toxins emitted from an industrial emission source at ground level MAGLC using Screen 3. This study demonstrated that the concentration of toxic emissions to the air is independently related to the industrial emission source In another study, Esmaeilzadeh et al. In similar research by Samadi et al. In , Karbasi et al. A similar work studied the association of emission pollutants in the oil refinery industry with NO 2 and SO 2 emitted in Bandar Abbas City in by using a Screen3 model In such a context, the aim of this study was assessment of the dispersion modeling of nitrogen dioxide in the ambient air of Ahvaz city located in southwestern Iran during year by using the software program Screen3. In this study, we used theScreen3software provided by the EPA for simulation of nitrogen dioxide distribution in the ambient air of Ahvaz city. The following schematic plan illustrates the stages of the study and how the components are related. Figure 1 shows the proper process for modeling. In the next step, the required information was collected from the relevant agencies. Sampling and collection of data was performed by the Ahvaz Department of Environment in Bureau of Meteorology station. Raw data processing using Excel software included a set of temperature and pressure correction instructions, averaging, coding and filtering. After assessing the impact of meteorological parameters, data was converted into an input file for the Screen3 model. This model is designed based on the Gaussian model and consists of four screens; three input screens type, pollutant, area and one output screen graph. During the use of the Gaussian model, similar hypotheses and experiences were used due to the lack of information such as composition and rate of gas emissions. Finally, air dispersion models were offered in different atmospheric conditions. The concentration and distribution of air pollutants can be determined using Screen3. In this model, if the climatic conditions of the region are considered, the two parameters of wind speed and atmospheric stability are required. In this study, air pollution modeling was done using the Screen3 class of very unstable class A , with a wind speed of 2. After determining the input values of Screen3 and modeling air pollution, emission values of each parameter for the weather conditions downstream of the site in the wind direction were compared werefree air standards. The location of the study area and the sampling station at Bureau of Meteorology are displayed in Figure 2. In , the population was approximately one million people, with an area of 8, km 2 Nitrogen dioxide distribution in Ahvaz during the year was estimated by using Screen3. The Screen3 model estimated the distribution of specific air pollutants in the atmosphere in a certain area and for a certain period. The Bureau of Meteorology station had the highest nitrogen dioxide concentrations during The annual average of nitrogen dioxide concentrations in all the stations are presented in Table 1. Finally, pollution from nitrogen oxides at a distance 25, m reached Thus, according to environmental standards, in the study area pollution does not exceed the standard at any point. Figure 4 shows that the modeling of the pollutants is in an unstable condition, and after climbing downward, were driven downward, hence, the distribution of pollution was observed in both directions. However, in general, the level of pollution was spread up to a distance of m. According to the table for standard clean air, pollutant concentration was in excess of the limit at a distance of m from the source of contamination. In recent decades, air pollution has been considered a serious threat to the environment, the quality of life and the health of people around the world. In this study, we assessed the distribution of nitrogen dioxide by using a Screen3 model in Ahvaz, Iran. Ahvaz has been well known due to its industries, such as petroleum and steel, as well as its power stations. Results showed that in the last decade, an anthropogenic source of air pollution has joined other environmental problems. This can result from pollutants produced in the combustion process, which occurs mostly in transportation, power station, heating plant and industrial processes. The major sources of nitrogen dioxide that can increase the risk of danger result from anthropogenic sources of air pollution such as road traffic, stationary combustion and industrial processes. This can be seen in studies conducted in cities with a wide range of basic conditions, such as population, climate, chimneys of houses, economic and social conditions and concentration of polluters. Based on the results of our study, the NO 2 concentration measure revealed that the concentration of these pollutants is lower than the standards of the Clean Air Act. In another case, a simulation was made of the spread of sulfur dioxide gas from the chimney of Shahid Rajai Thermal Power Plant in winter using Screen3 The results indicated that in any atmospheric condition the concentration of pollutants did not exceed the standard level Huertas et al. Based on the results from the model, areas within the modeling region were identified as highly, fairly, moderately and marginally polluted, according to local regulations Based on the results of a study by Visscher, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide emission to the air is independently related to the emission source. Their study showed that Screen3 is a good model for forecasting the distribution of nitrogen dioxide Momeni et al. The results of measuring air pollutants using measurement stations indicated that the amount of NO 2 , in most cases, had a lower level than the standards The results of this study showed that a very high concentration of NO 2 in Ahvaz could be the result of a high number of industrial polluters. In , Esmaeilzadeh et al. The results of their study showed that the maximum concentration of NO 2 and SO 2 , at a distance of about 30 km from the power plant, was 1. The results of dispersion modeling of pollutants indicated that in most cases emission of air pollutants was towards the southeast According to the results of this study, a higher concentration of NO 2 and metrological conditions in the ambient air of Ahvaz city were the most likely reasons for a higher than the standard level. Karbasi et al. They have been, to a large extent, responsible for the perception that air quality is significantly affected by geothermal activities. The results of the study showed that NO 2 distribution was more than the standard level NO 2 distribution in this study was associated with metrological conditions in Ahvaz. In a similar study by Samadi et al. The results of this study indicated that the average concentration of pollutants was lower than the standard level in the study area Based on the results of the present study, modeling of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air of Ahvaz city was higher than the standard level because of the higher concentration of air pollution in Ahvaz city. Cora and Hung, in their study, determined the maximum allowable concentration of toxins emitted from an industrial emission source at ground level MAGLC using Screen3. This study demonstrated that concentration of toxic emission to the air is independently related to the industrial emission source The results this study showed that theScreen3software is one of the most effective models for estimated distribution of air pollutants. The results also showed that a higher concentration of air pollutants and the metrological conditions in Ahvaz city were most likely the reasons for the higher than standard levels. Nitrogen dioxide emissions are highly regulated in most industrialized regions. Dependent on the kind of fuel and power in the power plant of study, the distribution of pollutants is different for each megawatt of electricity generated. The power plants mainly use fossil fuels, coal, coke, gas oil and natural gas. Regarding economic criteria, selection of the proper fuel type is very important in power plants. Therefore, to decrease emissions from fuel combustion, urgent actions have to be taken, such as pollution prevention The selection of fuel type, limiting emissions of pollutants from various sources such as modes of transport, solving availability and access problems, decreasing environmental pollution rates, reducing energy consumption, geographical location and careful monitoring of air pollution are necessary to reduce nitrogen dioxide concentrations. Characterization of airborne particles in an open pit mining region. Sci Total Environ. The a study on concentration of BETX vapors during winter in the department of ports and shipping located in one of the southern cities of Iran. Inte J Cur Life Sci. Jundishapur J Health Sci. Goyal P. Present scenario of air quality in Delhi: a case study of CNG implementation. Atmospher Environ. Bnanankhah A, Nejadkoorki F. River flow modeling using artificial neural networks. J Hydrol Engin. The relationship between air pollution exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ahvaz, Iran. Chronic Dis J. Iran J Health Environ. Association between maternal exposure to elevated ambient sulfur dioxide during pregnancy and term low birth weight. Environ Res. Relationship between Particulate matter less than 10 microns exposures and health effects on humans in Ahvaz, Iran. Arch Hygiene Sci. Health effects of exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microns PM10 in Ahvaz. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. Noise Pollution and Health Effects. Health endpoints caused by PM10 exposure in Ahvaz, Iran. Iran J Health Safety Environ. The number of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death cases associated with sulfur dioxide exposure in ahvaz, iran. Razi J Med Sci. Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality attributed to ground-level ozone in Ahvaz, Iran. Environ Monit Assess. Shao Y. Physics and modelling of wind erosion. Numerical prediction of northeast Asian dust storms using an integrated wind erosion modeling system. J Geophys Res. Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change. Modeling the desorption of organic contaminants from long-term contaminated soil using distributed mass transfer rates. Environ Sci Technol. Strategic guidelines for street canyon geometry to achieve sustainable street air quality. Kwak K, Baik J. Environmen Fluid Mechanics. Particulate pollution capture by urban trees: effect of species and windspeed. Glob Change Biol. From local-scale to micro-scale assessment of the atmospheric impact of the pollutant plume emitted from a power-plant stack. Present and future emissions of air pollutants in China. Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the — period. Climatic Change. A modelling system for predicting urban air pollution: model description and applications in the Helsinki metropolitan area. Louis Metropolitan Area. J Appl Meteorol. Mehdizadeh F, Rifai HS. Modeling point source plumes at high altitudes using a modified Gaussian model. Holmes NS, Morawska L. A review of dispersion modelling and its application to the dispersion of particles: An overview of different dispersion models available. Using the sustainability footprint model to assess development impacts of transportation systems. Transport Res Policy Pract. El-Harbawi M. Air quality modelling, simulation, and computational methods: a review. Environ Rev. Bioaerosol releases from compost facilities: Evaluating passive and active source terms at a green waste facility for improved risk assessments. Environ Qual Manag. Modeling of air pollutants emission in power plants of Isfahan and Tabriz. Sci Technol Environ J. Khandokar A, editor. Air pollution modeling for petrochemical industries in coastal areas. Masters Abstracts International. Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care. Simulation of sulfur dioxide emission from stack of Shahid Rajaeei power plant of Ghazvin in winter season. Iran Energy J. Air quality impact assessment of multiple open pit coal mines in northern Colombia. J Environ Manage. Visscher AD. Air dispersion modeling: foundations and applications. Modeling of air pollution Case study: Lavan Island. Sixteenth National Conference on Environmental Health. Tabriz university of medical sciences; We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience. They also allow us to analyze user behavior in order to constantly improve the website for you. Health Scope: Vol. Abstract Background: Air emission modeling is used to study how pollutants are spread in the environment and to forecast their emissions rate in different climatic conditions in the study area. Today, air pollution threatens human public health and the environment, and Ahvaz is considered one of the main centers of air pollution in Iran. Objectives: This aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen dioxide distribution in Ahvaz by using the software program Screen 3. Materials and Methods: This analytical study was conducted in in Ahvaz. Data collections were performed by the Ahvaz Department of Environment. After processing the data received averaging instruction set, coding , the file was converted to an input file for the software program Screen 3. In the next phase, study of the distribution and release of nitrogen dioxide during the year was modeled using the Screen 3 software. Results: Based on the results of this study, the highest and the lowest nitrogen dioxide concentration were in the Bureau of Meteorology and Head office of ADoE stations, respectively. According to the findings of the modeling, examination of the combustion process was observed, and this was caused by the amount of nitrogen dioxide emitted by flue outlets, which was affected by temperature and pressure, fuel flow rates and inlet air temperature. Also, results showed that in most cases emission of air pollutants was towards the southwest. Conclusions: Results of this study showed that the Screen3 software is one of the popular models for estimating the distribution of air pollutants. Decreased emissions from fuel combustion, the use of scrubbers and filters that absorb pollution can be very useful for reduction and control of nitrogen dioxide emissions. Background The increasing development of urban areas, increasing energy consumption and rapid growth of the economy are some of the most important factors that threaten health and the environment 1 - 5. Objectives In such a context, the aim of this study was assessment of the dispersion modeling of nitrogen dioxide in the ambient air of Ahvaz city located in southwestern Iran during year by using the software program Screen3. Materials and Methods 3. Methods In this study, we used theScreen3software provided by the EPA for simulation of nitrogen dioxide distribution in the ambient air of Ahvaz city. Process of Modeling Figure 1. Process of Modeling. Figure 2. Table 1. Figure 3. Figure 4. References 1. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4. Leave a comment here:. Cookie Setting We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience.

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