Ad Latin

Ad Latin
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
They had a vibrant culture from the 3rd century BC to the 2nd century AD .
Founded A O .D I . 1728 by Benj. Franklin
[AD] kan også bety noe annet enn Angel Devious, det kan bety Anno Domini [AD] can also mean something other than Angel Devious, it can mean Anno Domini
Qualifier: (e.g. literally, formally, slang)
Script code : (e.g. Cyrl for Cyrillic, Latn for Latin)
Nesting: (e.g. Serbo-Croatian/Cyrillic)
AD m or f ( plural unknown or uncertain )

First part short for anno from Latin annō , ablative of annus ( “ year; time ” ) , from Proto-Italic *atnos ( “ year ” ) , from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et-no- , from *h₂et- ( “ to go ” ) .

Last part short for Domini from Latin Dominī , genitive singular of Dominus ( “ The Lord ” ) , of dominus ( “ lord, master of a house ” ) , from Proto-Italic *domanos , from Proto-Indo-European *domh₂nos ( “ subduing ” ) , from *demh₂- ( “ to domesticate, tame ” ) .

Arabic: حِقْبَة عَامَّة ‎ f ( ḥiqba ʿāmma ) , بَعْدَ الْمِيلَاد ‎ ( baʿda l-mīlād )
Armenian: մ.թ. ( m.tʿ. ) , Ք.հ. ( Kʿ.h. )
Belarusian: ад Н. Х. ( ad N. X. ) , на́шай э́ры ( nášaj éry )
Bulgarian: сл. Хр. ( sl. Hr. ) ( след Xpиста ( sled Xpista ) )
Catalan: dC (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 公元 (zh) ( gōngyuán ) , 西元 (zh) ( xīyuán )
Czech: po Kr. (cs) ( po Kristu (cs) ), AD (cs)
Danish: e.Kr. ( efter Kristus )
Dutch: n. Chr ( na Christus )
Esperanto: p.K. (eo) ( post Kristo )
Finnish: jKr. (fi) ( jälkeen Kristuksen )
French: ap. J.-C. (fr) , apr. J.-C. (fr) ( après Jésus-Christ ) ; en l'an de grâce ( archaic )
Georgian: ახ. წ. ( ax. c̣. ) , ჩვ. წ. (ka) ( čv. c̣. )
German: n. Chr. (de) ( nach Christus , nach Christo ); n. Chr. Geb. , n. Chr. G. ( nach Christi Geburt )
Greek: μ.Χ. (el) ( m.Ch. ) (metá Christón)
Hebrew: לַסְּפִירָה ‎ ( lasfirá ) , לסה"נ ‎ ( lisfirát hanotzrím ) ( acronym ) , לְמִנְיָנָם ‎ ( l'minyanám ) ( used by religious jews )
Hindi: आम युग ( ām yug ) , कॉमन युग ( kŏman yug ) , वर्तमान युग ( vartamān yug ) , सीई ( sīī ) ( CE )
Hungarian: Kr. u. (hu) (Krisztus után)
Indonesian: Masehi (id)
Italian: d.C. ( dopo Cristo )
Japanese: 西暦 (ja) ( せいれき, seireki ) , 紀元 (ja) ( きげん, kigen ) , 西紀 ( せいき, seiki )

Khmer: គ.ស. (km) ( kɔɔsɑɑ ) , គ្រិស្តសករាជ (km) ( krɨh saʼkraac )
Korean: 서력(西曆) (ko) ( seoryeok ) , 기원후(紀元後) (ko) ( giwonhu ) , 서기(西紀) (ko) ( seogi ) ,
Latin: A. C. , AC (la) ( anno Christi ) ; A. D. , AD (la) ( anno Domini ) ; p. Chr. n. (la) , p. Chr. (la) ( post Christum [natum] )
Lithuanian: po Kr. ( po Kristaus )
Macedonian: н.е. (mk) ( n.e. )
Malay: M ( Masihi )
Navajo: Doodaatsaahii biʼdizhchį́į́ dóó bikʼijįʼ
Norwegian:
Bokmål: AD , a.D. ( anno Domini )
Polish: po Chr. (pl) (po Chrystusie); p.n.Chr. (po narodzeniu Chrystusa)
Portuguese: DC (pt) , d.C. (pt) (depois de Cristo)
Romanian: d.Hr. (după Hristos)
Russian: по́сле Р. Хр. ( pósle R. Xr. ) ; н. э. ( n. e. ) , на́шей э́ры ( nášej éry )
Slovak: po Kr. (po Kristovi)
Slovene: n. št.
Spanish: d.C. ( después de Cristo )
Swedish: e.Kr. (sv) ( efter Kristus )
Tagalog: M.K. (Mula kay Kristo)
Thai: ค.ศ. (th) ( kɔɔ.sɔ̌ɔ. ) , คริสต์ศักราช (th) ( krít-sàk-gà-ràat )
Ukrainian: від Р. Х. ( vid R. X. ) , н. е. ( n. e. ) , на́шої е́ри ( nášoji éry )

N.S. Gill is a Latinist, writer, and teacher of ancient history and Latin. She has been featured by NPR and National Geographic for her ancient history expertise.

Gill, N.S. "The Latin Abbreviation A.D." ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/anno-domini-definition-121267.
Gill, N.S. (2020, August 27). The Latin Abbreviation A.D. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/anno-domini-definition-121267
Gill, N.S. "The Latin Abbreviation A.D." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/anno-domini-definition-121267 (accessed October 14, 2022).

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Definition: A.D. is the Latin abbreviation for Anno Domini, which means 'in the year of our Lord,' or, more fully, anno domini nostri Jesu Christi 'the year of our Lord Jesus Christ.'

A.D. is used with dates in the current era , which is considered the era since the birth of Christ.

The counterpart to Anno Domini is B.C. for 'Before Christ.'

Because of A.D.'s obvious Christian overtones, many prefer to use more secular abbreviations like C.E. for 'Common Era.' However, many lay publications, like this one, still use A.D.

Although unlike English, Latin is not a word-order language, it is conventional in English writing for A.D. to precede the year (A.D. 2010) so that the translation, read in word order, would mean "in the year of our lord 2010". (In Latin, it wouldn't matter whether it was written A.D. 2010 or 2010 A.D.)

Note : The abbreviation a.d. may also stand for " ante diem " meaning the number of days before the kalends, nones, or ides of a Roman month . The date a.d.XIX.Kal.Feb. means 19 days before the kalends of February. Don't count on the a.d. for ante diem to be lower case. Inscriptions in Latin often appear only in capital letters.

Alternate Spellings: AD (without the periods)

Examples: In A.D. 61 Boudicca led a rebellion against the Romans in Britain.

If the terms A.D. and B.C. confuse you, think of a number line with A.D. on the plus (+) side and B.C. on minus (-) side. Unlike the number line, there is no year zero.

https://www.etymonline.com/word/ad-
Etymology of ad- by etymonline
Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of ad-. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved October 14, 2022, from https://www.etymonline.com/word/ad-
Harper Douglas, “Etymology of ad-,” Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed October 14, 2022, https://www.etymonline.com/word/ad-.
Harper, Douglas. “Etymology of ad-.” Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/ad-. Accessed 14 October, 2022.
D. Harper. “Etymology of ad-.” Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/ad- (accessed October 14, 2022).
word-forming element expressing direction toward or in addition to, from Latin ad "to, toward" in space or time; "with regard to, in relation to," as a prefix, sometimes merely emphatic, from PIE root *ad- "to, near, at."
Simplified to a- before sc- , sp- and st- ; modified to ac- before many consonants and then re-spelled af- , ag- , al- , etc., in conformity with the following consonant (as in affection , aggression ). Also compare ap- (1).
In Old French, reduced to a- in all cases (an evolution already underway in Merovingian Latin), but French refashioned its written forms on the Latin model in 14c., and English did likewise 15c. in words it had picked up from Old French. In many cases pronunciation followed the shift.
Over-correction at the end of the Middle Ages in French and then English "restored" the -d- or a doubled consonant to some words that never had it ( accursed , afford ). The process went further in England than in France (where the vernacular sometimes resisted the pedantic), resulting in English adjourn , advance , address , advertisement (Modern French ajourner , avancer , adresser , avertissement ). In modern word-formation sometimes ad- and ab- are regarded as opposites, but this was not in classical Latin.
c. 1200, affeccioun , "desire, inclination, wish, intention;" mid-14c., "an emotion of the mind, passion, lust as opposed to reason;" from Old French afection (12c., Modern French affection ) "emotion, inclination, disposition; love, attraction, enthusiasm," from Latin affectionem (nominative affectio ) "a relation, disposition; a temporary state; a frame, constitution," noun of state from past-participle stem of afficere "to do something to, act on," from ad "to" (see ad- ) + facere (past participle factus ) "to make, do" (from PIE root *dhe- "to set, put").
The sense developed in Latin from "disposition" to "good disposition, zealous attachment." In English the sense of "love" is from late 14c. Formally it goes with affect (v.2), but it has absorbed some sense from (v.1). Related: Affections .

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ad

noun (1) , often attributive

1

: advertisement sense 1

newspapers ads TV ads for new cars

2

: advertising

an ad agency

1

active duty

2

after date

3

airworthiness directive

4

Alzheimer's disease

5

anno Domini

— often printed in small capitals and often punctuated

6

assembly district

7

assistant director

8

athletic director

9

right ear

— used especially in audiology and in writing medical prescriptions

variants:
or ac-
or af-
or ag-
or al-
or ap-
or as-
or at-

1

: to : toward

— usually ac- before c, k , or q ac culturation and af- before f af fluent and ag- before g ag gradation and al- before l al literation and ap- before p ap portion and as- before s as suasive and at- before t at tune and ad- before other sounds but sometimes ad- even before one of the listed consonants ad sorb

2

: near : adjacent to

— in this sense always in the form ad- ad renal

: in the direction of : toward

cephal ad

: member of a botanical group

bromeli ad

MLA
Chicago
APA
Merriam-Webster

variants:
or ac-
or af-
or ag-
or al-
or ap-
or as-
or at-

: to : toward

— usually ac- before c, k, or q and af- before f and ag- before g and al- before l and ap- before p and as- before s and at- before t and ad- before other sounds but sometimes ad- even before one of the listed consonants

1

Alzheimer disease ; Alzheimer's disease

2

atopic dermatitis

3

[Latin auris dextra ]

right ear

— used especially in audiology and in writing medical prescriptions

4

average deviation

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1799, in the meaning defined at sense 1

borrowed from Latin, prefix forming verbs and verbal derivatives, marking movement toward, tendency, addition, from ad, preposition, "to, as far as, at, near, in accordance with" — more at at entry 1

borrowed from Latin ad "to, toward" — more at at entry 1

borrowed from New Latin -ad-, -as, borrowed from Greek -ad-, -as, feminine noun suffix denoting descent from or connection with
From the Editors at Merriam-Webster
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“Ad.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ad. Accessed 14 Oct. 2022.
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