Ad Hoc Latin

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Ad Hoc Latin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Latin phrase signifying a solution meant to address one specific problem or task
This article is about the Latin phrase. For other uses, see Ad hoc (disambiguation) .

^ American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms, 2nd Edition

^ Yateendra Joshi, " Latin phrases in scientific writing: italics or not ", editage Insights , January 14, 2014

^ "When to italicize foreign words and phrases" . Grammarpartyblog.com. 23 February 2012 . Retrieved 6 January 2016 .

^ "Italics" . The Economist . Retrieved 6 January 2016 .

^ Carroll, Robert T. (23 February 2012), "Ad hoc hypothesis" , The Skeptic's Dictionary , John Wiley & Sons , retrieved 27 May 2013

^ "Royal commissions" . BBC. 27 October 2008 . Retrieved 4 May 2021 .


Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning literally 'to this'. In English, it typically signifies a solution for a specific purpose, problem, or task rather than a generalized solution adaptable to collateral instances. (Compare with a priori .)

Common examples are ad hoc committees and commissions created at the national or international level for a specific task. In other fields, the term could refer to, for example, a military unit created under special circumstances (see task force ), a handcrafted network protocol (e.g., ad hoc network ), a temporary banding together of geographically-linked franchise locations (of a given national brand) to issue advertising coupons, or a purpose-specific equation .

Ad hoc can also be an adjective describing the temporary, provisional, or improvised methods to deal with a particular problem, the tendency of which has given rise to the noun adhocism . [1]

Style guides disagree on whether Latin phrases like ad hoc should be italicized. The trend is not to use italics. [2] For example, The Chicago Manual of Style recommends that familiar Latin phrases that are listed in the Webster's Dictionary , including "ad hoc", not be italicized. [3] [4]

In science and philosophy , ad hoc means the addition of extraneous hypotheses to a theory to save it from being falsified . Ad hoc hypotheses compensate for anomalies not anticipated by the theory in its unmodified form.

Scientists are often skeptical of scientific theories that rely on frequent, unsupported adjustments to sustain them. Ad hoc hypotheses are often characteristic of pseudo-scientific subjects such as homeopathy . [5]

In the military, ad hoc units are created during unpredictable situations, when the cooperation between different units is suddenly needed for fast action, or from remnants of previous units which have been overrun or otherwise whittled down.

In national and sub-national governance, ad hoc bodies may be established to deal with specific problems not easily accommodated by the current structure of governance or to address multi-faceted issues spanning several areas of governance. In the UK and other commonwealth countries, ad hoc Royal Commissions [6] may be set up to address specific questions as directed by parliament.

The term ad hoc networking typically refers to a system of network elements that combine to form a network requiring little or no planning.



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English meaning: a person who seeks to know all the latest news or gossip : busybody
What's more is that the vagueness of this news has turned a lot of us into quidnunc scavengers, rummaging around the internet looking at profiles and website source code like fake tech sites scouring artists' portfolios for 3D iPhone mock-ups to report as "news". —William Usher, Cinema Blend , June 2014
In Latin, quid nunc was a question more or less equivalent to our conversational "what's new?" or "what's going on?" A person asking that question a little too frequently might be accused of intruding on other people's business. Perhaps that's how Sir Richard Steele, in 1709, came to use quidnunc to mean "a busybody or gossiper" in The Tatler , his influential British journal of society, gossip, and manners.
English meaning: formed or used for specific or immediate problems or needs; also : improvised
Inspired by Griffith, I recently prepared an ad hoc lunch by taking a sheet of nori (seaweed), spreading yogurt cheese on it, topping it with leftover sushi rice, avocado, smoked salmon, broccoli sprouts, slices of mango and black sesame seeds. —Beverly Levitt, The Santa Fe New Mexican , 22 Sept. 2014
Ad hoc can still function as an adverb, as it's used in Latin, to mean "for the particular end or case at hand without consideration of wider application," as in "coming up with rules ad hoc ."
But it's more common in English as an adjective describing instances of having to come up with something using whatever is at hand. It's also found in such phrases as ad hoc committee , or a committee assembled to achieve a particular task (such as an investigation).
English meaning: a trusted friend or the opposite side of a personality
Comedian and podcast host Marc Maron has so perfected the art of the humblebrag, even his TV alter ego jokes about how young his girlfriend is. —Ray Rahman, Entertainment Weekly , 9 May 2014
Ego in Latin is the nominative singular pronoun, the one we represent in English with I . The word is famous as the name of one of Sigmund Freud's three divisions of the psyche, along with id and superego . ( Ego was the choice of a translator; Freud himself used the German ich .) But long before that, alter ego had come to refer to someone (such as a friend) who feels so close as to be a "second I." Later it was used almost literally to refer to the opposite side of one's personality (such as Superman's alter ego Clark Kent).
English meaning: a person having many diverse activities or responsibilities
Renee Zellweger shed her Texas accent for a British one, acquired twenty pounds by a reverse diet, and worked for a few weeks as a factotum in a publishing house-no sacrifice too great for turning into Bridget. —John Simon, National Review , 14 May 2001
Factotum in Latin is a command—the form fac is the imperative of facere , meaning "to do," and totum means "everything." It's a noun in English that describes a jack-of-all-trades, but since it was never a noun in Latin, you'll want to avoid the temptation to tack on a fancy Latin plural ending. It's factotums , not factota .
English meaning: a formal acknowledgment of personal fault or error
So before we go further, here's my mea culpa : I admit I'm carrying around 20 pounds I could do without and also don't exercise enough. —Eli Amdur, The Patriot News (Harrisburg, Penn.), 10 Nov. 2013
Although mea culpa is an adverbial phrase in Latin, in English we treat is as a noun—so comfortably that we often precede it with a redundant my , as in the example above.
English meaning: the number (as a majority) of officers or members of a body that when duly assembled is legally competent to transact business
The City Council meeting that was supposed to continue from Tuesday night didn't happen after only one member showed up, leaving the council without a quorum . – Garrett Brnger, KSAT.com , 17 Feb. 2016
Quorum is the Latin plural of the word for "who"— qui —as it appears in the genitive case, a grammatical case indicating possession (as in boy in the boy's shoes or sun in the light of the sun ). It's rarely pluralized in English—most meetings need only one quorum—but when it is, it takes the standard –s suffix.
English meaning: a warning enjoining one from certain acts or practices or a modifying or cautionary detail
The Democrats' crushing electoral sweep in November has made likely a further shift toward engagement, although the incoming team has added caveats to Barack Obama's declared preference for diplomacy, such as saying that any meetings with Iranian leaders would have to be well prepared and timely... —Max Rodenbeck, The New York Times Book Review , 15 Jan. 2009
You're likely familiar with the old salesperson's adage caveat emptor ("let the buyer beware"), one of our 10 Latin Words to Live By . Caveat in Latin means "let him beware" and is the third-person singular present subjunctive of the verb cavēre ("to be on guard"). Perhaps you've also heard of caveat lector : "let the reader beware," a warning to take what one reads with a grain of salt.
Latin meaning: "by the day"; "for each day"
Other band and crew members are scattered about the trilevel casino, tugging at slots, wagering per diems at the gaming tables. Parke Puterbaugh, Rolling Stone , 15 June 1995
Much like ad hoc , per diem functions in Latin as an adverb. Its English use as a noun for something allocated on a daily basis (such as money to members of a tour for food or, as in the example, gambling) dates from the 19th century.
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From the Latin words ad , meaning "to," and hoc , meaning "this," the term ad hoc is something that is done specifically "to this" only, that is, done or formed only for a specific purpose. For instance, an ad hoc committee is set up to oversee a specific matter that arises temporarily, as opposed to a standing committee that deals with regularly recurring issues.
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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Over the past 20 years or so, from South America to the Danube basin, ad hoc coalitions of politicians, activists and conscience-stricken billionaires (whose core activities, such as Povlsen’s clothing business, are often less than environmentally friendly), have rewilded millions of acres of mostly failed agricultural and grazing land.
Contrary to the traditional condoning of ad hoc hypotheses, and in line with Popper's and Grünbaum's approaches, we see, once an ad hoc hypothesis is introduced we are unhappy about it and try to eliminate it.
An ad hoc network is a group of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without any fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. The applications for ad hoc networks have grown tremendously with the increase in the use of wireless sensor networks.
± show ▼ for this particular purpose

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations .

Borrowed from New Latin ad hoc ( “ for this ” ) .

ad hoc ( comparative more ad hoc , superlative most ad hoc )

Qualifier: (e.g. literally, formally, slang)
Script code : (e.g. Cyrl for Cyrillic, Latn for Latin)
Nesting: (e.g. Serbo-Croatian/Cyrillic)
ad hoc ( comparative more ad hoc , superlative most ad hoc )

Qualifier: (e.g. literally, formally, slang)
Script code : (e.g. Cyrl for Cyrillic, Latn for Latin)
Nesting: (e.g. Serbo-Croatian/Cyrillic)
Qualifier: (e.g. literally, formally, slang)
Script code : (e.g. Cyrl for Cyrillic, Latn for Latin)
Nesting: (e.g. Serbo-Croatian/Cyrillic)
The Finnish term mainly used instead of "ad hoc committee" is työryhmä

Used only in uninflected form to modify a noun, as in ad hoc - komitea ("ad hoc committee").

From the Latin phrase ad hoc ( “ for this ” ) .

From the Latin phrase ad hoc ( “ for this ” ) .


Azerbaijani: әd hak ( amaca özәl )
Chinese:
Mandarin: 臨時 (zh) , 临时 (zh) ( línshí )
Czech: ad hoc (cs)
Danish: ad hoc
Dutch: ad hoc (nl)
Esperanto: specialcela
Finnish: ad hoc (fi) ; tätä tarkoitusta varten , tähän tarkoitukseen
French: ad hoc (fr)
Georgian: სპეციალური ( sṗecialuri ) , საგანგებო ( sagangebo )
German: ad hoc (de)
Greek: επί τούτω (el) ( epí toúto )
Hebrew: אד הוק ‎ (he)
Hindi: तदर्थ (hi) ? ( tadarth )
Hungarian: ad hoc
Icelandic: sértækur m , sérsniðinn m
Indonesian: ad hoc
Interlingua: ad hoc
Italian: ad hoc (it)


Japanese: 臨時 (ja) ( rinji ) , このために ( kono tame ni ) ( literally )
Korean: 임시 (ko) ( imsi )
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: taybeti
Latin: ad hoc
Norwegian: ad hoc (no)
Persian: ویژه ‎ (fa)
Polish: ad hoc (pl) , dla tego , doraźny (pl) m
Portuguese: ad hoc (pt)
Romanian: ad hoc
Russian: специа́льный (ru) ( speciálʹnyj ) , ад хок (ru) m ( ad xok ) ( rare )
Serbo-Croatian:
Roman: ad hoc
Slovak: ad hoc
Slovene: ad hoc
Spanish: ad hoc (es)
Swedish: ad hoc (sv)
Telugu: andu kosam
Turkish: ad hoc (tr) ( amaca özel )
Vietnamese: đặc ứng


Arabic: حصري ‎, (please verify ) حصريا ‎


Hindi: (please verify ) ज़रुरत के हिसाब से ( zarurat ke hisāb se )


Finnish: noin vain , siitä vain , tuosta vain
Greek: αυτοσχεδίως (el) ( aftoschedíos )
Polish: ad hoc (pl)


Russian: спонта́нно (ru) ( spontánno ) , непроду́манно (ru) ( neprodúmanno ) , произво́льно (ru) ( proizvólʹno ) , случа́йно (ru) ( slučájno )


Ukrainian: спеціа́льний (uk) ( speciálʹnyj )


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