ANCIENT EGYPT IN THE WESTERN IMAGINATION
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Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination
The culture of Ancient Egypt has fascinated outsiders from its own day well into our own, long after that culture was subsumed first by Greco-Roman, then Christian, then Muslim currents. And while the concept of the "Western world" owes its origin to Christian writers of early medieval Europe and Asia Minor, those same writers were keen to imagine themselves as part of—or heirs to—a cultural continuum that began with classical antiquity and evolved to include the Biblical history of the Jews. In Western cultures' collective imaginings, the idea of "Ancient Egypt" has developed and changed over millennia no less than those cultures themselves changed. From classical and late antiquity through the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and into the modern era, this imagined "Egypt" has served as a powerful symbol, variously representing profound antiquity, esoteric wisdom, evil, the exotic, or timeless grandeur. An essential factor in Ancient Egypt's enduring mystery and remoteness was that its written languages remained unreadable from about the 5th century CE until the early 19th century, which rendered its own recorded history inaccessible. The continuing engagement of nations and societies that constitute "the West" with Egypt has shaped their art, literature, architecture, philosophy, and popular culture. This influence in turn reflects those societies' contemporary intellectual currents, colonial ambitions, and religious and spiritual ideas in addition to—or instead of—an understanding grounded in historical fact. A journal dedicated to the subject called Aegyptiaca. Journal of the History of Reception of Ancient Egypt began publishing in 2017 by LMU Munich. The journal covers the influence of ideas about Egypt in Western cultural history across various fields and periods. According to the conventional periodization of European history, imaginings of ancient Egypt evolved in the following ways:
In connection with: Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination
Title combos: imagination Egypt in Western imagination in Egypt Ancient imagination
Description combos: inaccessible Munich the that recorded antiquity has writers imaginings
The Giza pyramid complex (also called the Giza necropolis) in Egypt is home to the Great Pyramid, the pyramid of Khafre, and the pyramid of Menkaure, along with their associated pyramid complexes and the Great Sphinx. All were built during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt, between c. 2600 – c. 2500 BC. The site also includes several temples, cemeteries, and the remains of a workers' village. The site is at the edge of the Western Desert, approximately 9 km (5.6 mi) west of the Nile River in the city of Giza, and about 13 km (8.1 mi) southwest of the city centre of Cairo. It forms the northernmost part of the 16,000 ha (160 km2; 62 sq mi) Pyramid Fields of the Memphis and its Necropolis UNESCO World Heritage Site, inscribed in 1979. The pyramid fields include the Abusir, Saqqara, and Dahshur pyramid complexes, which were all built in the vicinity of Egypt's ancient capital of Memphis. Further Old Kingdom pyramid fields were located at the sites Abu Rawash, Zawyet El Aryan, and Meidum. Most of the limestone used to build the pyramids originates from the underlying Mokattam Formation. The Great Pyramid and the Pyramid of Khafre are the largest pyramids built in ancient Egypt, and they have historically been common as emblems of Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination. They were popularised in Hellenistic times, when the Great Pyramid was listed by Antipater of Sidon as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It is by far the oldest of the Ancient Wonders and the only one still in existence.
In connection with: Giza pyramid complex
Title combos: Giza pyramid Giza pyramid complex
Description combos: largest built by part the mi west and km
Egyptomania in the United States
Egyptomania refers to a period of renewed interest in the culture of ancient Egypt sparked by Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign in the 19th century. Napoleon was accompanied by many scientists and scholars during this campaign, which led to a large interest in the documentation of ancient monuments in Egypt. Thorough documentation of ancient ruins led to an increase in the interest about ancient Egypt. In 1822, Jean-François Champollion deciphered the ancient hieroglyphs by using the Rosetta Stone that was recovered by French troops in 1799, and hence began the scientific study of egyptology. The fascination with ancient Egypt was manifested through literature, architecture, art, film, politics and religion. Very few people could afford a trip to Egypt during the peak of Egyptomania and only made contact with Egyptian culture through literature, art, and architecture. Particularly influential were Vivant Denon's Voyage dans la Basse et la Haute Égypte, the Institute of Egypt's Description de l'Égypte, and Verdi's Aida. In the French Empire style, Egyptian imagery and ornament was very widely used in the decorative arts, such as porcelain services, furniture, and later commercial kitsch and advertising. Parties and public events were held that had Egypt as a theme, where people wore special costumes. Egyptian Revival architecture lasted throughout the 19th century and into the 20th. The discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun considerably revived interest.
In connection with: Egyptomania in the United States
Title combos: United the Egyptomania States in Egyptomania States United in
Description combos: was accompanied Egyptian and was art arts accompanied of
The mysteries of Isis were religious initiation rites performed in the cult of the Egyptian goddess Isis in the Greco-Roman world. They were modeled on other mystery rites, particularly the Eleusinian mysteries in honor of the Greek goddesses Demeter and Persephone, and originated sometime between the third century BCE and the second century CE. Despite their mainly Hellenistic origins, the mysteries alluded to beliefs from ancient Egyptian religion, in which the worship of Isis arose, and may have incorporated aspects of Egyptian ritual. Although Isis was worshipped across the Greco-Roman world, the mystery rites are only known to have been practiced in a few regions. In areas where they were practiced, they served to strengthen devotees' commitment to the Isis cult, although they were not required to worship her exclusively, and devotees may have risen in the cult's hierarchy by undergoing initiation. The rites may also have been thought to guarantee that the initiate's soul, with the goddess's help, would continue after death into a blissful afterlife. Many texts from the Roman Empire refer to the Isis mysteries, but the only source to describe them is a work of fiction, the novel The Golden Ass, written in the second century CE by Apuleius. In it, the initiate undergoes elaborate ritual purification before descending into the innermost part of Isis's temple, where he experiences a symbolic death and rebirth and has an intense religious experience, seeing the gods in person. Some aspects of the mysteries of Isis and of other mystery cults, particularly their connection with the afterlife, resemble important elements of Christianity. The question of whether they influenced Christianity is controversial and the evidence is unclear; some scholars today attribute the similarities to a shared cultural background rather than direct influence. In contrast, Apuleius's account has had direct effects in modern times. Through his description, the mysteries of Isis have influenced many works of fiction and modern fraternal organizations, as well as a widespread belief that the ancient Egyptians themselves had an elaborate system of mystery initiations.
In connection with: Mysteries of Isis
Title combos: Isis of of Isis Mysteries
Description combos: widespread an Through across Isis the and direct influenced
The Imperial Court organization serves as the female auxiliary to the Ancient Egyptian Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, the Prince Hall affiliated Shriners. The group previously used the name Daughters of Isis.
In connection with: Imperial Court (Freemasonry)
Title combos: Imperial Court Imperial Court Freemasonry
Description combos: of the the Nobles The used Shriners Court Isis
Egyptomania may refer to: Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination, interest of ancient Egypt in Europe from the Victorian Age on Egyptomania in the United States, interest in ancient Egypt specific to the United States
In connection with: Egyptomania
Description combos: Egypt imagination the specific interest to in the imagination
Funeral of a Mummy on the Nile
Funeral of a Mummy on the Nile (also known as Funeral of a Mummy, French: Les Funérailles d'une momie) is an oil on canvas painting by American artist Frederick Arthur Bridgman. It was painted between 1876 and 1877 and is considered his most acclaimed painting. Since 1990, it has been exhibited in Louisville, Kentucky, at the Speed Art Museum.
In connection with: Funeral of a Mummy on the Nile
Title combos: Mummy Funeral of on Mummy Funeral of Mummy on
Description combos: Bridgman also Louisville is artist Mummy exhibited an most
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