ALEXANDRIA SOUTH AFRICA
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AlexandriaAlexandria ( AL-ig-ZA(H)N-dree-ə; Arabic: الإسكندرية) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile River delta. Founded in 331 BC by Alexander the Great, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of Hellenic civilisation, eventually replacing Memphis, in present-day Greater Cairo, as Egypt's capital. Called the "Bride of the Mediterranean" and "Pearl of the Mediterranean Coast" internationally, Alexandria is a popular tourist destination and an important industrial centre due to its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. The city extends about 40 km (25 mi) along the northern coast of Egypt and is the largest city on the Mediterranean, the second-largest in Egypt (after Cairo), the fourth-largest city in the Arab world, the ninth-largest city in Africa, and the ninth-largest urban area in Africa. The city was founded originally in the vicinity of an Egyptian settlement named Rhacotis (that became the Egyptian quarter of the city). Alexandria grew rapidly, becoming a major centre of Hellenic civilisation and replacing Memphis as Egypt's capital during the reign of the Ptolemaic pharaohs who succeeded Alexander. It retained this status for almost a millennium, through the period of Roman and Eastern Roman rule until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641 AD, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo). Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library, the largest in the ancient world; and the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Alexandria was the intellectual and cultural centre of the ancient Mediterranean for much of the Hellenistic age and late antiquity. It was at one time the largest city in the ancient world before being eventually overtaken by Rome. The city was a major centre of early Christianity and was the centre of the Patriarchate of Alexandria, which was one of the major centres of Christianity in the Eastern Roman Empire. In the modern world, the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria both lay claim to this ancient heritage. By 641, the city had already been largely plundered and lost its significance before re-emerging in the modern era. From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major centre of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centres in the world, both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean and Red Seas and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton.
Alexandria UniversityAlexandria University (Arabic: جامعة الإسكندرية) is a public university in Alexandria, Egypt. It was established in 1938 as a satellite of Fouad University (the name of which was later changed to Cairo University), becoming an independent entity in 1942. It was known as Farouk University (named after Farouk of Egypt) until after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, when its name was changed to the University of Alexandria. Taha Hussein was the founding rector of Alexandria University. It is now the second largest university in Egypt and has many affiliations to various universities for ongoing research. Alexandria University is one of the largest universities in Egypt, and the third university established after Cairo University and the American University in Cairo. Alexandria University has 21 faculties and 3 institutes that teach different types of social, medical, engineering, mathematics and other science. The university had other branches in Egypt outside Alexandria in Damanhour and Matrouh which later became two independent universities. and Alexandria National University in Smouha area. Other branches have been set up outside Egypt in Juba, South Sudan, and in N'Djamena, the capital of the Republic of Chad.
Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of AlexandriaThe Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa (Ancient Greek: Πατριαρχεῖον Ἀλεξανδρείας καὶ πάσης Ἀφρικῆς, romanized: Patriarkheîon Alexandreías ke pásīs Afrikês, lit. 'The Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa'), also known as the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, is an autocephalous patriarchate that is part of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Its seat is in Alexandria, and it has canonical responsibility for the entire African continent. It is commonly called the Greek or Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria to distinguish it from the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. Members of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate were once referred to as "Melkites" by non-Chalcedonian Christians because they remained in communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople after the schism that followed the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Mark the Evangelist is considered the founder of the See, and the Patriarchate's emblem is the Lion of Saint Mark. The head bishop of the Patriarchate of Alexandria is the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa, currently Theodore II of Alexandria. His full title is "His Most Divine Beatitude the Pope and Patriarch of the Great City of Alexandria, Libya, Pentapolis, Ethiopia, all the land of Egypt, and all Africa, Father of Fathers, Shepherd of Shepherds, Prelate of Prelates, thirteenth of the Apostles, and Judge of the Œcumene". Like the Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and the Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria, he claims to have succeeded the Apostle Mark the Evangelist in the office of Bishop of Alexandria, who founded the church in the 1st century, and therefore marked the beginning of Christianity in Africa. It is one of the five ancient patriarchates of the early church, called the Pentarchy. The seat of the patriarchate is the Cathedral of the Annunciation, also known as the Cathedral of Evangelismos, in Alexandria.
Coptic Orthodox Church in AfricaThis article, dealing with the Coptic Orthodox Church in Africa, is about the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria in African countries other than Egypt. The Apostolic Throne of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is based in the ancient Alexandria, Egypt (which is in Africa). The jurisdiction of the Church of Alexandria extended, as per Canon law of the First and Second Ecumenical Councils, to the Province of Egypt, Nubia and Pentapolis. Later on in expanded south to encompass all of what is now known as the Sudan. Since the demise of the Latin (Roman) North African Archiepiscopate of Carthage (which covered all of North and West Africa, apart from Egypt, Pentapolis and Libya) in the 8th century, Alexandria became the sole Apostolic Throne in the entire continent of Africa (or what was known of it at that time). The historical evangelization of the Apostolic Throne of Alexandria in Africa, apart from Egypt, Pentapolis, Libya, Nubia and the Sudan, does extend to:
Football in AfricaFootball is the most popular sport in Africa, alongside basketball. Indeed, football is probably the most popular sport in almost every African country, although rugby and cricket are also very popular in South Africa. The first football stadium to be built in Africa was the Alexandria Stadium in 1929. The English Premier League is the most popular sports league in Africa. The most popular clubs in Africa are Arsenal, Chelsea and Manchester United.
Cornelius van RooyenCornelius Johannes van Rooyen (1859-1915), also known as 'Nellis' van Rooyen, was an early colonial settler of Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe), big game hunter, and hunting guide. He is best known today as the breeder of predecessors of the Rhodesian Ridgeback dog breed, once known as 'van Rooyen's lion dog'. He was born in the area of Uitenhage, Cape Colony, on 5 November 1859 and baptised in the Dutch Reformed Church at Alexandria, South Africa on 11 January 1860, the son of Gerrit (sometimes Gert or Gerhardus) van Rooyen and his wife Cornelia Jacoba Crous. Cornelis was the third of their four known children. Van Rooyen worked as a hunter and herder in the area roughly bounded by Pretoria, Victoria Falls, and Umtali, before the arrival of other colonial settlers. He was already an accomplished hunter by age 19, when he married Maria Margareta Vermaak. Maria was born 13 April 1867 and baptised in the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk Potchefstroom on 21 July 1867, the daughter of Salomo Vermaak and Maria Margaretha Riekert. He became an early colonial settler of what was then called Rhodesia, in the area around Mangwe. He fought on the side of the colonists and British South Africa Company, in the First and Second Matabele Wars. He was a friend of the famous big game hunter and hunting guide, Frederick Selous (1851-1917). During his life, he came to know many of the notable participants of the period of British colonial expansion in southern Africa, including Lobengula, Paul Kruger, Cecil Rhodes, Leander Starr ('Dr. Jim') Jameson, Raleigh Grey, and Randolph Churchill. Despite knowing Jameson, and another of Lobengula's trusted white friends Rev. Helm, van Rooyen does not seem to have been involved in high politics and the deceiving of Lobengula over the Rudd Concession (1888) that led to the end of the Matabele kingdom. In 1879, Reverend Charles Daniel Helm (1844-1915), brought two dogs (named Lorna and Powder) to his mission at Hope Fountain, near what is now Bulawayo. These were hunting dogs of the Khoikhoi people or dogs inheriting their bloodline. Van Rooyen was seeking to breed dogs for tracking big game, especially lions, and noted the courage of these dogs in the presence of lions. However, the dogs were in, his opinion, too deficient in scenting ability and speed to be useful to him as hunting dogs. He began to cross breed the dogs with various European dog breeds. Van Rooyen spent the next 35 years breeding dogs. His selection criterion, was "A good dog was one which survived.— a bad one was one which did not." The dogs that he bred are the predecessors of the Rhodesian Ridgeback. In 1908, he accompanied an emerging trader in wild animals, Ellis Josephs, on an expedition to capture wild animals for sale to zoos. He died at Bulawayo, of malaria, pneumonia, and heart failure on 20 January 1915, and was buried at Plumtree, Zimbabwe. His death certificate shows his residence at the time of his death as 'Van Rooyen's Rest' which was in the Mangwe District. His wife, Maria, died the following year on 15 September 1916 in Bulawayo of shock resulting from burns sustained.
Alexandria, South AfricaNo description available.
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