AI for self empowerment

我们创造 AI 的目的在于增强人的能力。随着 AI 技术不断进步，全球需要重点关注“能力过剩”（ capability overhang ）：即现在的 AI 系统能做到的事情，与大多数人、企业和国家在规模上实际从中获得的价值之间的差距。

理解能力过剩规模的困难之一在于 AI 本身十分反直觉，常常以令人意外的方式发挥作用。三年前我们推出了 ChatGPT ，当时属于前沿的 AI 只会回答一些简单问题，但它被迅速采纳并被人们用出许多创造性的场景，这让我们大为惊讶。如今前沿的 AI 能在越来越复杂的任务上进行推理与行动——从编写软件到参与数学研究——但它将如何深入融入商业与个人生活，我们尚未看清全貌。正如 Alan Kay 所说，“预测未来最好的方式是去发明它”，而我们也发现，只有当一群人在社区里持续探索这些工具，才会发现它们所带来的惊人新用途。

就像最初的计算机发明一样，积极拥抱这项技术的人可以获得全新的个人生产力水平。以 ChatGPT 的使用数据为例，典型的重度用户比普通用户动脑（也就是消耗计算资源）的次数多 7 倍。重度用户不仅使用 AI 更频繁，也更全面地利用最先进的能力去处理更广泛的任务，因此能产出更有经济价值的成果。

我们预期 AI 能带来一些极其重要的高层次成果——例如两位数的 GDP 增长、可负担且有效的医疗、以及快速的科学进展——这些都有可能在抬高全体底线的同时，以新的方式提升上限。作为社会，越能妥善管理能力过剩，就越多的人能够通过充分探索这些新工具来创造新的经济机会，从而自我赋能。

OPENAI’S PRINCIPLES FOR MANAGING THE CAPABILITY OVERHANG

1. FIRST TO TRUTH

在快速变革期，准确的信息赋予人以行动力。人们、企业和政策制定者在掌握扎实可信的数据后，能做出更好的判断：哪些岗位在扩张或萎缩、 AI 在实际中如何被使用、生产力提升从何处出现。我们并非所有问题都有答案，但我们可以提供帮助。

因此我们公开了基于基础经济数据的洞见，包括衡量 AI 工具在多种任务上与人类表现对比的指标。

1. ACCESS

随着 AI 日益影响经济结果，获得核心工具的途径会帮助人们实现更多。企业需要可行的方法来大规模采用 AI，各国也需要系统性的方式在其辖区内应用 AI 。 AI 的有用性直接随计算力规模而扩展，因此每个个人、企业和国家都需要能够获得自己那一部分计算资源的方式。

这就是为什么我们推出了由广告支持的免费版 ChatGPT ，以践行让 AGI 造福全人类的使命。我们推出了供开发者构建应用的行业标准 API 。我们也与各种规模的机构——包括政府——合作，支持广泛获得前沿 AI 能力。

1. SELF EMPOWERMENT

我们构建的是能让人们塑造未来的工具。这意味着要把大量能力交到用户手中，并把工具设计得可定制、能以我们此前未预见的方式被使用。

这种做法既能帮助普通用户和小企业——通过产品体验让他们做出超出预期的事情，如优化家庭预算、更有效地找工作、为未来的商业构想点子——也能催生下一波创新：支持那些高能动性的人，把前沿能力转化为新公司、新产品和新市场。

我们相信，这就是“智能时代”能为更多人扩展机会并带来比现在更美好未来的方式。我们认为每个人都应关注管理能力过剩，让尽可能多的人、企业与国家自我赋能，从而参与并受益于 AI 所带来的积极而深远的变革。

We create AI in order to empower people. As AI technology progress continues, a key focus for the world should be tracking the capability overhang: the gap between what AI systems can now do and the value most people, businesses, and countries are actually capturing from them at scale.

One challenge with even understanding the size of the capability overhang is that AI is a very counterintuitive technology which continually plays out in surprising ways. We launched ChatGPT three years ago with an at-the-time frontier AI that could answer simple questions and were shocked by how quickly it was adopted and the creative ways people found to apply it in their lives. We now have frontier AI which can reason and act across increasingly complex tasks, from building software to performing mathematical research, and we don’t yet know the full extent of how it will integrate into business or personal life. As Alan Kay said, “the best way to predict the future is to invent it,” and we’ve found that it takes a community of people exploring these tools to find amazing new uses that their capability has unlocked.

Just like with the invention of computers themselves, those who lean into the technology can reach a new level of individual productivity. For example, ChatGPT usage data reveals that the typical power user uses 7x more thinking power (and thus 7x more compute power) than the typical user. Power users don’t just use AI more—they use AI more comprehensively, applying the most advanced capabilities across a wider range of tasks—and as a result they can produce more economically valuable work.

We expect AI to enable some incredible high-level outcomes—such as double-digit GDP growth, affordable and effective healthcare, and rapid scientific advancement—which can raise the floor for everyone, while also raising the ceiling in new ways. The better we manage the capability overhang as a society, the more people will empower themselves to create new economic opportunities by fully exploring what these new tools can do.

OpenAI’s principles for managing the capability overhang

1. First to truth

In periods of rapid change, accurate information creates agency. People, businesses, and policymakers can make better decisions given well-grounded, credible data about what is actually happening: which roles are growing or shrinking, how AI is being used in practice, and where productivity gains are emerging. We don’t have all the answers, but we can help.

That’s why we’ve been making public our foundational economic data based insights, including a measurement of how AI tools match up in terms of performance with humans across a range of tasks.

2. Access

As AI increasingly shapes economic outcomes, access to core tools will help people achieve more. Businesses need practical ways to adopt AI at scale, and countries need a systematic way for AI to be applied in their jurisdiction. AI’s usefulness will scale directly with compute power, and thus every individual, business, and country needs ways of accessing their own slice of compute.

That’s why we created a free tier of ChatGPT, supported by advertising, towards our mission of ensuring AGI benefits all of humanity. We created a new industry-standard API for developers to build applications on top of. We work with many institutions large and small—including governments—to support broad access to frontier AI capabilities.

3. Self empowerment

We build tools which people can use to shape the future. That means putting a lot of power into people’s hands and designing our tools to be customizable and usable in ways we didn’t anticipate.

This approach is useful for everyday users and small businesses, where we design product experiences that help people do more than they thought they could—optimize a family’s budget, find jobs more effectively, develop ideas for a future business. It’s also useful for unlocking the next wave of innovation, such as for builders and founders, where we support high-agency people who turn frontier capability into new companies, products, and markets.

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We believe this is how the Intelligence Age can expand opportunity for everyone, and result in a future that is much better than the present. We believe everyone should focus on managing the capability overhang so as many people, businesses, and countries empower themselves to participate in and benefit from the positive transformative potential of AI.

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