AGRICULTURE IN SOMALILAND
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Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is an unrecognised country in the Horn of Africa. It is located in the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Ethiopia to the south and west, and Somalia to the east. Its claimed territory has an area of 176,120 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi), with approximately 6.2 million people as of 2024. The capital and largest city is Hargeisa. Various Somali Muslim kingdoms were established in the area during the early Islamic period, including in the 14th to 15th centuries the Zeila-based Adal Sultanate. In the early modern period, successor states to the Adal Sultanate emerged, including the Isaaq Sultanate which was established in the middle of the 18th century. In the late 19th century, the United Kingdom signed agreements with various clans in the area, establishing the Somaliland Protectorate, which was formally granted independence by the United Kingdom as the State of Somaliland on 26 June 1960. Five days later, the State of Somaliland voluntarily united with the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somalia) to form the Somali Republic. The union of the two states proved problematic early on, and in response to the harsh policies enacted by Somalia's Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War, a 10-year war of independence concluded with the declaration of Somaliland's independence in 1991. The Government of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to British Somaliland. Since 1991, the territory has been governed by democratically elected governments that seek international recognition as the government of the Republic of Somaliland. The central government maintains informal ties with some foreign governments, who have sent delegations to Hargeisa; Somaliland hosts representative offices from several countries, including Ethiopia and Taiwan. However, Somaliland's self-proclaimed independence has not been officially recognised by any UN member state or international organisation. It is the largest unrecognised state in the world by de facto controlled land area. It is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, an advocacy group whose members consist of indigenous peoples, minorities and unrecognised or occupied territories. Following the Las Anod conflict that emerged in 2022, Somaliland lost control of a significant portion of its eastern territory to pro-unionist forces who established the SSC-Khatumo administration.
In connection with: Somaliland
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Italian Somaliland (Italian: Somalia Italiana; Arabic: الصومال الإيطالي, romanized: Al-Sumal Al-Italiy; Somali: Dhulka Soomaalida ee Talyaaniga) was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia, which was ruled in the 19th century by the Sultanate of Hobyo and the Majeerteen Sultanate in the north, and by the Hiraab Imamate and the Geledi Sultanate in the south. Italy gradually secured much of the territory in the 1880s through a series of protection treaties. Starting in the 1890s, the Bimaal and Wa'dan revolts near Merca marked the beginning of Somali resistance to Italian expansion, coinciding with the rise of the anti-colonial Dervish movement in the north. By the end of 1927, following a two-year military campaign against Somali rebels, Rome finally asserted authority over the entirety of Italian Somaliland. In 1936, the region was integrated into Italian East Africa as the Somalia Governorate. This would last until Italy's loss of the region in 1941, during the East African campaign of World War II. Italian Somalia then came under British military administration until 1950, when it became a United Nations trusteeship, the Trust Territory of Somalia under Italian administration. On 1 July 1960, the Trust Territory of Somalia united with the former British Somaliland to form the Somali Republic.
In connection with: Italian Somaliland
Title combos: Italian Somaliland
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Hargeisa ( har-GAY-sə; Somali: Hargeysa; Arabic: هرجيسا, romanized: Harjīsā) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Somaliland, a de facto sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still considered internationally to be part of Somalia. It is also the regional capital of the Maroodi Jeex region of Somaliland. Hargeisa was founded as a watering and trading stop between the coast and the interior by the Isaaq Sultanate. Initially it served as a watering well for the vast livestock of the Isaaq clan that inhabited that specific region and later were joined by other Isaaq clans that currently inhabit Hargeisa. In 1960, the Somaliland Protectorate gained independence from the United Kingdom and as scheduled united days later with the Trust Territory of Somaliland (former Italian Somaliland) to form the Somali Republic on 1 July. Up to 90% of the city was destroyed during the Isaaq genocide, a state-sponsored campaign of violence during the Somaliland War of Independence. Hargeisa is situated in a valley in the Galgodon (Ogo) highlands, and sits at an elevation of 1,334 m (4,377 ft). Home to rock art from the Neolithic period, the city is also a commercial hub for precious stone-cutting, construction, retail services and trading, among other activities.
In connection with: Hargeisa
Description combos: Hargeisa United from Maroodi stop from United as clans 334 Republic region 334 trading it 90 Arabic and internationally the of War and inhabit also of Hargeisa July clan Somaliland and Hargeisa the Isaaq Harjīsā of the Somaliland Arabic trading watering capital Somaliland facto Hargeisa romanized of Horn of of inhabit stop capital of gained livestock watering 1960 that Hargeysa Up capital clan by interior Hargeysa that trading in Isaaq by well that founded Galgodon the by stop of and form
The economy of Somaliland largely relies on primary production and agriculture, where livestock is the main export of the country, which it ships to neighbouring Djibouti and Ethiopia, as well as to Gulf states, such as UAE, Saudi Arabia and Oman. Somaliland has a GDP of $11,583,000,000, and a GDP per capita of $1361 as of 2024,The COVID-19 pandemic has restricted Somaliland's trade flows with decreased demand in the agriculture sector, a significant source of tax revenue. Somaliland is located along the Gulf of Aden, near the entrance to the Bab al-Mandeb, a major sea-lane through which almost one-third of the world's shipping passes. Its location has helped the government attract new trade and development deals. In late 2016, the DP World announced that it would invest nearly US$450 million to manage and upgrade the Port of Berbera and develop a corridor running from the Port to the Ethiopian border. In 2021 the project was joined by the UK government's CDC Group which has doubled the funding.
In connection with: Economy of Somaliland
Title combos: of Economy Economy of Somaliland
Description combos: of develop corridor entrance passes through where GDP UAE Somaliland World the attract world Mandeb CDC agriculture restricted and GDP on with largely World of country Gulf neighbouring in GDP on and to 11 of Saudi it has COVID Somaliland UAE Djibouti Aden Arabia sector restricted of and al third sector attract Ethiopian government of deals Somaliland primary and and agriculture 2024 is country is Arabia and government of and Aden neighbouring sea near and manage and to the the revenue
House of Representatives (Somaliland)
The House of Representatives (Somali: Golaha Wakiilada, Arabic: مجلس النواب) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Somaliland, with the House of Elders being the upper house. The interim House of Representatives was formed in 1991, and driven by Somali National Movement. Somaliland National Charter of 1993 established bicameral legislature. The current House of Representatives was formed following parliamentary elections held on 29 September 2005, which resulted in a strong combined majority for the opposition Kulmiye and UCID parties. It has a total of 82 members. The latter include the Speaker of the House, Bashe Mohamed Farah. MPs are elected in six multi-member constituencies, using the party-list proportional representation system for a five-year term. The constitution gives the House broad legislative powers over financial matters. Its most potent check on executive power is its right to approve, reject, or amend the government's annual budget and the right to inspect annual expenditure reports that the executive is obligated to prepare. The formation of the parliament in 2005 was the most important step in establishing a constitutionally-based, democratic governmental system in Somaliland.
In connection with: House of Representatives (Somaliland)
Title combos: House of House of Representatives House of Representatives Somaliland
Description combos: to to Charter government to National legislative the constituencies house and the Charter Somaliland Representatives September established the of following annual multi system reject National house house year The Golaha House 1991 using in Charter opposition Wakiilada system most reports in for the the parliamentary held elections UCID House Representatives National governmental powers Mohamed establishing 82 Wakiilada Charter latter driven member approve are power constituencies for House Representatives 2005 the Somali being It of and the on approve the matters six
Somaliland, officially the State of Somaliland (Somali: Qaranka Soomaaliland), was an independent country in the territory of the present-day unilaterally declared Republic of Somaliland, which regards itself as its legal successor. It existed on the territory of former British Somaliland for five days between 26 June 1960 and 1 July 1960, when it merged with the formerly Italian administered Trust Territory of Somaliland to form the Somali Republic.
In connection with: State of Somaliland
Title combos: State of of Somaliland State
Description combos: with when with Somaliland July its unilaterally June State Qaranka 1960 its 26 unilaterally independent Somaliland 1960 form days regards and Somaliland as it 1960 of Italian between which an Soomaaliland territory June itself between of Qaranka which form State the successor as Qaranka Soomaaliland its was country it day on its Somali was form unilaterally the State was itself 1960 territory the former between the days administered Somaliland British on independent regards Soomaaliland the successor an on country its and
Agriculture in Somaliland is the second most important of the productive sectors of Somaliland after livestock, and also is one of the main economy pillars of the country. Some of the main crops cultivated in Somaliland are sorghum, maize, tomatoes, lettuce, banana, onions, peppers, Strawberries and cabbage. Machinery such as cattle pellet grinders and harvesting tools and heavy tractor machinery are used in Somaliland agriculture, with total revenue of farming around 400Mn - 500Mn in crop sales internally . Somaliland has 45 days of rain per year , estimates of 550,000 litres of water used per year in Somaliland agriculture, recent agricultural grant from USA organisation of 100 Mn Dollars to have self sustainability in farming, food security ,and Domestic crop production in Somaliland . The primary method of agricultural production is rain-fed farming. Cereals are the primary crops cultivated. About 70% of the rain-fed agricultural land is used for the main crop, sorghum, while maize occupies another 25% of the land. Scattered marginal lands are also used to grow other crops like barley, millet, groundnuts, beans, and cowpeas. The majority of farms are located near riverbanks, along the banks of streams (togs) and other water sources. The primary methods of channelling water from the source to the farm are floods or crude earth canals that divert perennial water (springs) to the farm. Fruits and vegetables are grown for commercial use on the majority of irrigated farms. total farming area in somaliland is around 350,000 hectares . Gebiley and Awdal regions are the main areas for rain-fed productions. Somaliland has ten agro-ecological zones, eight of them are arid or desert with significant limited agricultural production, while the total arable land is estimated around 350,000 hectares across the country and mostly is concentrated northwestern regions, such as Awdal, Gebiley and Maroodi Jeex.
In connection with: Agriculture in Somaliland
Title combos: Agriculture in Agriculture Somaliland in
Description combos: for recent grant to riverbanks Somaliland farming farms of in occupies commercial millet mostly and food rain main is agriculture in canals Somaliland commercial mostly are total riverbanks crude of used to self 70 400Mn the Scattered to The the also the most in farming maize cattle water main banana the located marginal such commercial grinders have rain economy the limited water Mn pellet country sectors to the mostly are country water the springs mostly to 350 canals the irrigated are
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