A brief introduction to X-ray Computed Tomography 

X-ray computed tomography is also known as CT. it is a non-invasive method of creating an image of the interiors of solid objects. It also assists in generating digital data on 3-D structures and their characteristics. 

An x-ray tomography image is sometimes referred to as a slice because it represents how the sliced or cut open object would look if scanned. Unlike a standard digital image, which is made up of pixels or picture components, a CT image is made up of voxels or volume elements. 

A computed tomography image’s grey levels correspond to the attenuation of X-ray, which represents the fraction of x-rays dispersed or absorbed while they travel through each voxel. The attenuation of X-ray is largely determined by the energy of the x-ray as well as the density and structure of the substance being scanned. 

The traditional X-ray employs a stationary x-ray tube whereas a CT scanner employs a motorized source of X-ray that spins around the ring like the aperture of a donut-shaped frame known as a gantry. When a patient is CT scanned, they are laid down on a bed that travels across the gantry. Here the X-ray tube revolves around the body of the patient while throwing narrow x-ray beams through the body. As the x-rays are shot from different angles, the drop in the intensity is measured across the linear path. 

Elements of an X-ray CT

The crucial elements of an X-ray tomography are the source of X-ray, detector series, and rotational geometry. The detectors are used for intensity attenuation of X-rays along different beam pathways while the rotational geometry has to move around the body being scanned. These elements can be arranged as per the requirements of the imaging object or their composition and sizes. 

Majorly, x-ray tubes are used in most CT arrangements, however, tomography may also be performed utilizing a gamma-ray emitter as a source of monochromatic x-ray. 

Scintillators are used in the majority of CT X-ray detectors. Important factors of a scintillator are material, size, and shape, as well as the method for detecting and counting scintillation events.

Applications of an X-ray CT

CT imaging is largely used in almost every geological area, and more of its application are constantly being developed. Some of the successful applications of x-ray CT are: 

• Non-invasive volumetric analysis of rare specimens
• Detection of diseases within the human body
• Fabric determination in 3D
• Measurement of fluid flow fields in 3D

What are the risks involved?

CT scans can detect potentially fatal illnesses such as bleeding, blood clots, or tumors. Early detection of these illnesses might save a person's life. But the X-rays employed in the CT scans emit ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation can have biological impacts on live tissue. Numerical exposure to X-rays can be hazardous for one’s life. In certain situations, it may lead to allergic reactions. 

Undoubtedly, X-ray CT has been an important invention among humans. However, it must be used wisely and carefully to prevent hazards.