A Randomized Pilot Trial to Evaluate the Bioavailability of Natural versus Synthetic Vitamin B Complexes in Healthy Humans and Their Effects on Homocysteine, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Levels.2019
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Рандомизированное пилотное испытание для оценки биодоступности природных и синтетических комплексов витамина B у здоровых людей и их влияния на гомоцистеин, окислительный стресс и уровни антиоксидантов, 2019
Сгенерированная сводка:
В группе N, снабженной природным источником комплекса витамина B, и в группе S, снабженной синтетическим комплексом витамина B, как биодоступность, так и емкость хранения были очень похожи в отношении уровней витамина B в сыворотке.
В течение первого дня предельный пиковый уровень был достигнут через 4 часа после первого приема в момент Т3. Наблюдалось значительное повышение уровней тиамина в сыворотке крови в конце приема витамина B в точке T5, которое еще больше увеличивалось в течение периода вымывания до заключительной стадии исследования в точке T6, что указывает на накопление.
Результаты выражались в г / л. Уровни витамина B в сыворотке крови увеличивались как в виде краткосрочного эффекта после однократного лечения на Т4, так и в виде долгосрочных эффектов в течение 6 недель приема добавок, с пиковым уровнем на Т5 в обоих случаях. группы.
В отличие от витамина B, мы не увидели емкости для рибофлавина в виде витамина B, его уровни снизились до исходных значений после периода вымывания на Т6. Результаты были выражены как г / л., Уровень витамина B в сыворотке крови сразу же повысился в обеих группах после однократного приема, уже на Т2, через 1,5 часа после первого приема соединения и оставался постоянным в течение оставшейся части первого дня до Т4. Уровни витамина B были повышены, с пиковыми уровнями в конце периода приема добавок в обеих группах и дальнейшим снижением во время периода вымывания на Т6. Результаты были выражены в г / л. Эти уровни были самыми низкими на исходном уровне в обеих группах.
В конце периода приема добавок на Т5 статус антиоксиданта значительно повысился по сравнению с исходными уровнями исключительно с пиковыми уровнями в группе N, в отличие от группы S, где исходные уровни существенно не различались.
Abstract:
Conclusion
This clinical double-blind pilot study focused on systemic alterations of serum vitamin B levels in healthy subjects in response to a vitamin B supplementation (natural vitamins versus synthetic forms), in the range of about 2.5 times above the recommended daily allowance for six weeks, and a washout period for another two weeks. With regard to bioavailability, both groups showed remarkable increases in serum levels of each B vitamin at the end of supplementation. The increase in serum vitamin B levels was associated with improved antioxidant status, with both nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants inversely related to a decrease in oxidative stress (including homocysteine). It should be emphasized that these effects were attainable through a composition of B vitamins based on a pattern found in quinoa germlings. Although there were a few favourable trends in the group supplemented with the natural source, e.g., a decrease of homocysteine and a long-lasting effect for cobalamin and peroxidase activity even after the washout period, the differences between the groups did not achieve significance.
Result
Thirty healthy individuals participated in the study between May 8, 2017 and October 3, 2017. One subject was excluded from the study after an adverse reaction (flush) upon first ingestion of the investigated product (,).,In group N, supplied with the natural source of vitamin B complex, and in group S, supplied with the synthetic vitamin B complex, both bioavailability and storage capacity were very similar with respect to vitamin B, serum levels. In the course of the first day, a marginal peak level (+7% N; +6% S) was achieved 4 hours after the first ingestion at T3 (see ,). There was significant enrichment of serum thiamine levels at the end of vitamin B supplementation at T5 (+23% N; +27% S), which increased even further during the washout period until the final stage of the study at T6 (+40% N; +50% S), indicating an accumulation. Results were expressed as ,g/L (mean ± standard error).,Serum levels of vitamin B, increased both as a short-term effect after a single treatment (+7% N; +8% S) at T4 and as long-term effects over 6 weeks of supplementation, with a peak level at T5 in both groups (+14% N; +13% S) (see ,). Unlike vitamin B,, we saw no storage capacity for riboflavin as vitamin B, levels declined to baseline values after the washout period at T6. Results were expressed as ,g/L (mean ± standard error).,Vitamin B, serum levels increased immediately in both groups after a single dose, as early as T2, 1.5 hours after the first ingestion of the compound (+53% N; +39% S) and remained constant for the rest of the first day until T4. Vitamin B, levels were enriched, with peak levels at the end of the supplementation period (T5) in both groups (+101%) and a further decline during the washout period at T6 (+26% N; +11% S—compared to baseline) (see ,). Results were expressed as ,g/L (mean ± standard error).,These levels were lowest at baseline in both groups. Serum folic acid levels peaked as early as at T2 (+238% N; +246% S), followed by a steady decline during day 1. At the end of the supplementation period at T5, folic acid levels had significantly increased compared to baseline levels (+86% N; +153% S), though not as high as at T2, indicating the time for the best bioavailability of vitamin B,. Although folic acid levels were higher at T6 than at baseline, they declined significantly during the washout period between T5 and T6 (see ,). Results were expressed as ng/mL (mean ± standard error).,Vitamin B complex supplementation failed to show short-term effects on serum cobalamin levels with no significant changes during day 1 but with significant increase in vitamin B, at T5 (+16% N; +15% S). It should be noted that group S failed to become statistically significant compared to baseline levels, although serum levels increased by 15%. The group with synthetic vitamin B only became significant compared to T3 and T4. Although cobalamin levels during the washout period were lower at T6 than at T5, serum levels of vitamin B, were still higher in group N compared to baseline (+9%) and during the first day of observation, in contrast to group S, where serum levels had decreased to baseline levels at T6 (see ,). Results were expressed as pg/mL (mean ± standard error).,With vitamin B, tHcy had decreased significantly at the end of supplementation (T5) in group N (-13%). Even after the washout period, tHcy remained low (-11%) compared to baseline, but again, exclusively in group N (see ,). Results were expressed in ,M (mean ± standard error).,During day 1 (T1-T4), the total antioxidant status in group N was unaffected after supplementation with vitamin B complex. Unexpectedly, serum TAC decreased in group S at T2 and T3, i.e., -15% and -16%, respectively. At the end of the supplementation period at T5, the antioxidant status increased significantly compared to baseline levels exclusively with peak levels in group N (+26%), in contrast to group S (+6%), where baseline levels were not significantly different. During the washout period, the antioxidant status declined to baseline levels in both groups (see ,). Results were expressed as mmol/L (mean ± standard error).,There was a linear increase in peroxidase activity in both groups during the first day, reaching peak levels at T4 (+58%) in both groups, i.e., 7 hours after the first ingestion of the vitamin B complex. At the end of the supplementation period at T5, activity was still increased in both groups (+29% N; +41% S)—reaching statistical significance solely in S—although peak levels at T4 were not attained. After the washout period at T6, there was a further increase in peroxidase activities in both groups as well (+80% N; +68% S—compared to baseline). For details, see ,. Results were expressed as U/L (mean ± standard error).,Total serum peroxides in both groups were hardly affected during the supplementation period, with no significant differences for this oxidative stress biomarker. The increase at T3 and T4 is attributable to fasting because the subjects had no food before blood sampling at T3. Nevertheless, there was a decrease in total peroxides in both groups after the washout period at T6, although they only fell below baseline in group N (,). Peroxide levels were specified as ,mol/L (mean ± standard error).,Serum polyphenols did not change significantly. Results were expressed as mmol/L. Mean and standard error for each B vitamin and biomarker are shown in ,.