7 Practical Tips For Making The Most Of Your Medication For Autism And ADHD
Medication for Autism and ADHD
Parents of children with co-occurring ASD/ADHD report high rates of medication use. However, research on psychopharmacological treatments is limited in both number and type.
Risperidone and aripiprazole, also known as Risperdal and Abilify are the only drugs that have been approved by the FDA to be used in children with autism to help in the reduction of irritability and aggressive behavior. Other drugs can be helpful.
Antipsychotics
While interest in co-occurring ADHD and ASD symptoms has risen however, research is still limited. There are a myriad of psychosocial treatment options for each disorder. However, very few studies have examined the efficacy of these treatments in the context of coexisting symptoms. An improved understanding of how co-occurring psychiatric disorders develop and interact over time will be important to inform both pharmacological and psychosocial strategies.
Many people with ASD also have the comorbidity of ADHD and other mental health disorders like depression or anxiety. These disorders can be treated with a variety of psychosocial treatments, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as well as family therapy, and inter-personal therapy. These psychosocial treatments could be more effective than pharmacological treatments for certain people suffering from co-occurring ADHD and ASD.
Non-drug treatments are typically the best option for core ASD symptoms, such as rigid thinking and a lack of social skills. These include peer support groups and behavioral training. The use of medication can help with the symptoms of ADHD/ASD that are co-morbid, such as irritability and aggression, or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Atypical antipsychotics do not improve the fundamental ASD symptoms, and evidence for this is at best sporadic.
Current theories suggest that the symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and ADHD are caused by abnormalities in neurotransmitter pathways. This is particularly ones that involve glutamate, dopamine and serotonin.2 These changes affect the mesocorticolimbic prefrontal cortex which is involved in emotional regulation and control of behavior.
These abnormalities could be caused by reduced brain activity in certain regions such as the striatum. Thus, a range of medications known to regulate dopamine and glutamate are being explored for use in the treatment of ADHD and ASD co-morbidities.
Several types of dopamine antagonists are being investigated in the treatment of comorbid ADHD and ASD symptoms such as risperidone (Risperdal, Janssen Pharmaceutical Inc.; Titusville, NJ) as well as Aripiprazole (Abilify, Otsuka America Pharmaceutical Inc.; Rockville, MD), and domperidone (Motilium, Johnson & Johnson; New Brunswick, NJ). A consensus nomenclature is still waiting for dopamine-antagonists.
Antipsychotics are no different than any other medication. Randomized controlled trials offer the most accurate information on the use of aripiprazole or risperidone for people with ASD or ADHD. These trials employed parallel crossover and withdrawal strategies. In general, these medications are more effective than placebo in reducing irritability, aggression and improving function. They are also generally tolerated. One third of people who use these medications will find that the medication is effective for almost all of their symptoms. The other two-thirds may only experience minor improvement.
Stimulants
Despite the fact that no medical treatment is typically suggested for autism, medication can be beneficial to some children and adults. Medications such as antipsychotics aid in reducing anxiety and reduce self-injurious behavior; and stimulants like methylphenidate, which aids in the treatment of ADHD symptoms, can improve the ability to concentrate. However, they don't treat the core autism-related behaviors like repetitive and limited activities or difficulty communicating. Many people with autism also have co-occurring mental health disorders like depression, mood disorders or anxiety that hinder everyday functioning.
Autisme can also cause anger in adults and children. This can result in outbursts or self-injury as well as difficulties with routines or transitions. Risperdal (Risperdal), and aripiprazole (Abilify) are the only medications that have been approved to treat autism-related anger. They are believed to affect the brain's dopamine receptor, which is involved in emotions and decision-making.
Most commonly prescribed ADHD medication is methylphenidate such as Ritalin. It also contains mixed amphetamines salts which boost dopamine levels in the frontal lobes of the brain. Certain studies suggest that these drugs are as effective in patients with autism and ADHD as they are in those suffering from pure ADHD However, other studies suggest that they're not as effective. However, it is important for parents to speak with their doctor to determine whether or not the benefits outweigh potential side effects of these medications.
Some researchers believe that second line ADHD medications such as atomoxetine or guanfacine, may be more effective in decreasing ADHD symptoms among those with autism. These drugs are believed to affect the dopamine-norepinephrine axis, which is linked to motivation and mood.
The psychiatrist and a the therapist for behavioral issues, are striving to help him improve his social skills and deal with his anxiety. Even with these treatments, hyperactivity and inattention may still hinder his development. His family decided to give him an ADHD medication to aid in his focus.
After three months, he's much more focused at school and in his daily activities. His parents can see that he's more focused, listens to what others are saying and is more involved in group activities. His mother says the medication has saved her life.
Benzodiazepines
The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that slows down the central nervous system and produces sleepiness. These drugs are used to treat a variety of conditions, such as anxiety disorders, seizures, and insomnia. They target specific receptors for the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) which inhibits brain waves and blocks communication between neurons. By opening GABA receptors and keeping them open for a longer period, benzodiazepines boost inhibition and prevent excitatory neurons from overactivating. The theory holds that the defining traits of autism are caused by an imbalance in inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmissions within the brain. This hypothesis is supported by animal models which demonstrate that clonazepam reverses certain autistic behavior in mice with Dravet Syndrome, which is a type of epilepsy.
Anxiety is often a comorbid disorder in people with autism spectrum disorders. In some cases anxiety may be the primary reason behind an individual's aggressive or self-injurious behavior. In other instances anxiety is a response to sensory issues which create difficulties.
Treatment options include antidepressants, which are believed to enhance self-esteem and coping skills by increasing the level of the chemical norepinephrine that is found in the brain. They also lower the reuptake rate of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine which can reduce irritability as well as agitation. Atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone and aripiprazole may assist people with autism who suffer from aggression, irritability and Tourette syndrome.
There is resource for this article that melatonin may increase the duration and quality of sleep for adults suffering from ASD. There aren't any studies that have been conducted in this group. Methylphenidate is effective in treating ADHD symptoms in children with ASD however, it's not as effective as it is in typical children.
If they are not used properly, the medications for autism and ADHD could be harmful. It is important to consult with your physician to find the appropriate dosage and medication for your child or teenager. Always follow the directions on the label of the medication. Do not abruptly stop or commence taking your medication. This could be dangerous. If you suspect that you or someone you know has taken too much, seek medical attention immediately. Record your child's weight and height regularly, along with their menstrual cycle to make sure the medication isn't causing any undesirable side effects.
Medication Options
Many kids with autism also have ADHD and it's not uncommon for these conditions to coexist. Both disorders are typically treated with medication. The drugs that are commonly used for ADHD -- methylphenidate (Ritalin), amphetamines (Adderall, Vyvanse), atomoxetine (Strattera) and Guanfacine (Intuniv, Tenex) -are effective in treating the impulsivity and hyperactivity that is associated with autism.
A few children with autism have severe irritability or aggression. These signs can be difficult for parents to manage by using only behavioral strategies. Certain medications such as Abilify and Risperdal can reduce aggression, irritability and self-injury by altering a neurotransmitter known as dopamine. These medications are not approved by the FDA to be used with children with autism. However, adhd medication names are sometimes prescribed off-label to treat specific symptoms.
It's important parents talk to their pediatricians if medication is appropriate for their child. Numerous studies have shown that children who are taking ADHD medication for coexisting Autism can enjoy a higher living conditions both at home and in school, and may make significant progress in academics and behavior.
Psychiatrists are trained to assist children manage symptoms of autism and ADHD. They may recommend behaviorally focused parent training, which includes classes that are both group-based and manual. These programs help parents develop skills to reduce disruptive behavior. They can also provide psychosocial services that focus on improving communication and relationships between family members.
Certain families, however, prefer to use medication to control their child’s behavior. Certain parents find that antipsychotics can have a calming effect on their child, which can decrease irritability as well as aggression.
Similar to the above, many children who have autism also suffer from mental health issues that affects their ability to learn and function, for example depression or anxiety. These disorders often co-occur and can interfere with the effectiveness of therapy. Combining cognitive behavior therapy with medication may be beneficial for children with these disorders. This approach is particularly helpful for children with an extreme form of autism, or those who do not respond to other therapies.