20 Tools That Will Make You Better At Wheelchair Ramp
Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction
A wheelchair ramp is an important tool for helping a loved one to live at home independently. However, if they aren't designed correctly they could be unsafe to use.
ADA regulations require level landings at all changes in direction, to avoid compound slopes. They also require an accessible surface for wheelchair users.
Design
The ramp's design must be in line with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs can easily navigate the structure. The ramp slope can't exceed a ratio of 1:12, and the landings have to be level at any change of direction or change in the ramp surface. It should be constructed of treated lumber, which is more durable than untreated and can weather precipitation better.
The top and bottom of the ramp need to be free of obstructions like bushes, trees or other structures that can hinder the safe movement of the ramp's user. Additionally the ramp's surface must be smooth and non-slip. Some municipalities require that the entire ramp be coated with an anti-slip surface.
For the frame of the ramp choose treated lumber that is at least four inches wide. To ensure the ramp is secured, construct posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend below the level of the ground. Spindles should be used to join the posts with the ramp's railings. This type of connection is preferred since it decreases the chance of the ramp operator falling off the side of the ramp.
Then, build the frame for the ramp using joists that are at least 16 inches long and 2 by 4 inch beams. Make sure that the joists are at a minimum of 18 inches above ground level and that they are secured with Joist hangers which are nails that bind the inside of the joists and prevent them from slipping out of place. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.
Include an upper landing in the doorway so that wheelchair users can easily navigate the doorswing. This landing should be large enough to allow at least 12-24 inches of "elbow space" on the handle side for out-swing doors. foldable wheelchair ramp for in-swinging doors should be 58 x 60 in order to accommodate the threshold of the door and a wheelchair user who needs to reverse through the doorway.
Install a level landing when changing the direction of the ramp to prevent wheelchairs from having to slam their brakes into corners. A level landing is easier to remove a ramp of the way when needed, so that equipment like lawnmowers can be able to pass underneath it.
Materials
The material used to construct ramps for wheelchairs could be wood, concrete or aluminum. A professional ramp installer will assist you in choosing the right option for your office or home. When selecting the material for the ramp, it's important to consider your budget and requirements. The ramp must also be easy to maintain and safe for use. Certain cities require that the ramp be laid with an anti-slip surface.
Before you purchase any materials or begin construction, make sure you have the necessary permits from your local authority and that you comply with all building codes within your area. Incorrect construction materials or techniques could create hazardous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find the most up-to-date information regarding construction requirements at your local government's building department office, library or online.
Wood ramps are typically the least expensive choice of ADA ramp materials, however they require more care than other alternatives. Wood ramps must be maintained regularly using a sealer in order to stop rot. Wood can split, which is particularly hazardous for those who are in wheelchairs. Wood ramps also require extra support to keep the structure in place.
Concrete ramps are extremely durable and last for a long time, but they can be expensive. They are heavy, which means that more labor is required to install them and can make it difficult to move the ramp when no longer needed. Concrete ramps can withstand the weight of large power wheelchairs.
Aluminum ramps are lighter than steel or concrete however they possess the same strength and corrosion resistance. They are also cheaper than iron and steel which makes them a great option for people on a tight budget. Aluminum is also green as it is naturally found in the Earth's crust and can be recycled.
The upper ramp's landing should be at a level, or within 3/8 inch of the threshold in order to allow the front wheels of smaller wheelchairs to cross it without becoming stuck. Ramps with a gap higher than this comply with ADA standards. It is also important to ensure that the ramp moves smoothly between the landing area and the ground. The final section of the ramp must have a an angled transition to prevent the abrupt stop of wheelchairs as they enter or exit a dwelling.
Installation
A ramp for wheelchairs is a sloped plane ramp that can be erected as an alternative or in addition to stairs. It allows wheelchair users, as well as those who use carts or strollers to reach areas that are otherwise difficult to access.
When choosing a wheelchair accessible ramp, there are many aspects to take into consideration, including the location, height and price. The ramp should be located close to the door to prevent unnecessary travel. It should also be placed at an angle that is easily accessed by the person using it. It should also be properly secured to the ground and clear of obstructions like trees or parked cars.
ADA regulations stipulate that ramps must have handrails either side. The rails should be at minimum 36" apart and have an even or smooth gripping surface. In addition, they must be affixed to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches over the edge of the ramp. If a ramp has switchbacks or an L-shaped layout handrails must be continuous between the ramp runs.
The length of the ramp is determined by its incline. However there are basic ramp types that can be used in all situations. A threshold ramp, for instance, sits flush against the lip of the curb or the threshold of the doorway. Portable ramps are, however are able to be moved to another location and are available in different sizes. Modular aluminum ramps may also be constructed on-site. They are typically used for commercial or public spaces and are usually longer than the threshold and ramps that are portable.
Check with your city's construction department to determine if a permit is required for an enduring ramp. It's recommended to consult with an expert in mobility to determine which kind of ramp will best fit your requirements and the space you have. In some instances installing permanent ramps could boost the value of your home.
Maintenance
It is important to maintain your wheelchair ramp especially if it will be used often. It is essential to conduct regular inspections and address any structural issues as they occur. This will ensure that the ramp complies all ADA requirements and is safe for users.
Regularly cleaning wooden ramps is required to remove debris and dirt that can hinder access. Keep the ramp spotless to stop moisture from accumulating under the surface. This can lead to the onset of rot. Stains and wood preservatives only work effectively if the ramp is completely cleaned prior to applying.
Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps due to the fact that they are more likely wear and tear. The most important thing is to make sure you have the appropriate tools to complete the task. A good set of gauge spanners and screwdrivers will be vital to ensure that all fixings are tight and secure. You should also regularly inspect the handrails to see if there are signs of corrosion or damage. It is possible that over time, as they are used repeatedly and use, the bolts and fittings that hold the handrails on may loosen and pose a major safety concern for people who use the ramp.
It is also important to ensure that the surface of the ramp is sufficiently grippy particularly in winter, when conditions can be difficult. You'll need to sweep away any dirt, leaves and other debris that could hinder the surface and cause slippage. You'll also want to apply an ice melt that is non-corrosive on the ramp surface to prevent slips and injuries.
Consider buying "snow tires" or traction wheels for your wheelchair if you intend to use it during the winter. These wheels are made to track better on slippery and snowy surfaces. They will allow you to stay on your ramp longer than standard wheelchair tires. You can also utilize heating pads or tape to melt snow and ice on the ramp prior to it gets too much.