11 Ways To Totally Defy Your Evolution Korea
Evolution Korea
South Korea's democratic system is vulnerable to populist impulses. However, it is more stable than might be expected.
The country is seeking a new paradigm of development. The Confucian culture, which emphasizes respect for the ancestors as and gender-specific family relationships, continues to influence the society. There are signs that a secularist culture is emerging.
Origins
In prehistoric times the ancestors of today's Koreans were capable of survival through hunting and gathering wild foods. About 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet, beans, and other crops. They also raised livestock and even made furs. These tribes formed tribal states one after the other in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also created an industry of metallurgy, which produced bronze and later iron tools. They traded with other states and introduced celadon, paper making block printing art styles, as well as writing to Japan.
In 2333 BCE Gojoseon came into existence on the southern part of the peninsula. The state adopted Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture including Confucian philosophy. In this time, the inhabitants of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a state of hierarchy where the monarch and other senior officials came from the land aristocracy, while the majority of the population were peasants. The state collected taxes from these citizens and sometimes even forced them to join the army or construct fortifications.
At the end of this period, the state of Baekje was established by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. The new kingdom expanded its territory into the southwest of the peninsula and fought with Goguryeo and China's commanderies in the region. Baekje adopted Confucian ideas into its state beliefs system in 1390 CE and introduced the male-centric concept of filiopiety a doctrine. Under the cover of filiopiety fathers were responsible to their families. They must be obeyed by all and respected by their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, a country that ruled from 918 until 1392 CE in the year 1392 CE, introduced to the world the Hangul Alphabet, based on the shapes that were created by the mouth when pronouncing. This greatly improved communication and led to a boom in the writing of Buddhist text. In addition, movable metal type printing was introduced, and woodblock printing was improved. In 1145 CE the Samguk Sagi or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was first recorded.
The evolution of Korea
The Korean peninsula has been habitable since Neolithic times and early evidence for human settlements is visible in the form of graves lined with stones, with precious items like amazonite jewelry being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens and constructed from single large stones are prevalent throughout the country.
Gojoseon became the first political state to be recognized during the first half of the 1st millennium BCE. After that the peninsula was ruled by several states during the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCbetween 635 and 57 BC CE) including Baekje Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. In addition, the northern region of the peninsula was ruled by the Balhae kingdom, which the majority of historians don't consider to be a proper Korean state.
Following the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, or Several States Period. Baekje, the most powerful of these states was diminished by the collapse of Goguryeo (676 CE), leaving it with only its southern territories in Manchuria and the its western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo, and the Gaya confederacy, prospered for a while.
The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to work together to expand their territories. Silla with the aid of the Chinese, eventually conquered and united the peninsula in 935.
As Korea enters a post-crisis era, its development paradigm seems to be in flux. Those who are horrified by the enormous cost of the old systems are in favor of a comprehensive plan for liberalization of capital, labor and markets for products. On the other hand champions of the old system want to preserve it by leveraging nationalist sentiments and exaggerating fears over potential job losses.
Analysts and academics are divided over the extent to which Korea's evolution is influenced by these two trends. This article assesses developments to date, by looking at five phases of Korea's political evolution that include the illiberal democratic period (1945-60), democratic authoritarianism (1961-72), authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87) democratic paternalism (1987-2001), and participatory democracy (2002 to present). This article also identifies the key factors that appear to be the driving force behind these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have made strides in promoting their views to this segment. read review conducted in 2009 revealed that nearly one-third of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of those, 41% said that there was insufficient scientific evidence to support the theory; 39% believed it was contrary to their religious beliefs, and 17% said they did not comprehend it. This level of doubt is similar to that of the United States where a similar percentage of people do not believe that humans evolved from lesser advanced species of life.
In the past of the anti-evolution movements in Korea was focused on teaching college students and bringing them to Christ. In 1980 an all-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Giss of ICR were the keynote speakers. The event attracted a large audience of scientists, professors and church leaders.
The success of this event resulted in the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st, 1981. The inauguration meeting was widely reported in national newspapers, such as The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo and received wide attention.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter called CREATION, in which it published its activities and published articles about the scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated a number of slides and film strips from ICR as well as some books on creationism which were published outside of Korea. KACR members delivered lectures in churches and universities throughout the country.
A KACR success was seen at KAIST University in Seoul. There, students were so interested in the idea of creationism that they raised the money and support to construct a small museum on campus with creationist fossil models and other exhibits.
In addition to its work, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine called CREATION. This magazine covers topics in the creation science. It also sponsored a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also established an organization of local branch offices that offer seminars and talks to schoolchildren and community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the latter half of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok was replaced by miniskirts and other fashion elements from abroad. In the same way, traditional Korean music styles were replaced by modern jazz and rock and roll. In this time, the famous samulnori or masked dancing-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums and other instruments of music.
The economic crisis has shaped Korea's new development paradigm. The main challenge for the new regime is to strike an equilibrium between market-oriented and state-led policies. It also involves changing the incentives monitoring and discipline policies that shaped the system prior to the crisis. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 & 4.
Baekje, founded by Onjo Prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo was founded by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo, and other areas and also by a migrant from northern China. Baekje was a major regional power in the 4th century, expanded its territory to Mahan in north and Jeollanam-do south. Consequently, it came into frequent conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies along the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries led to the rise of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He was the ruler of a large portion of today's Jeolla province as well as Chungcheong. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju. He was an adversary to Goguryeo.
However the rule of his was short-lived. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935, and then united Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla and later joined Baekje into Goryeo and acted as a peaceful successor. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened the central government system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms period. From then on the Korean peninsula was controlled by the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly developed into powerful states on the peninsula and in Manchuria.