10 Myths Your Boss Has About Evolution Korea Evolution Korea
Evolution Korea
The democratic system in South Korea is prone to populist tendencies. It is still healthier than we had hoped for.
The country is looking for an entirely new model of development. A Confucian culture that values respect for ancestors as well as gendered family relationships continues to influence the way we live. There are indications of a secularist culture trend emerging.
Origins
In prehistoric times the ancestors of the modern Koreans were able to survive by hunting and gathering wild foods. Around 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet, beans, and other crops. They also raised livestock and produced furs. They formed tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also developed a metallurgy industry, producing iron tools and bronze. They traded with other states and introduced cedon papermaking, block printing art styles, and a written language to Japan.
Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. This state embraced Chinese culture which included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. In this time, the inhabitants of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society that included a monarch as well as top officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy while the majority of the population were peasants. The state collected taxes from these people, and sometimes forced them to serve in the army or build fortifications.
Onjo Prince Onjo, a prince from Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo established the state of Baekje towards the end of the time. This new kingdom expanded into the southwest part of the peninsula, and was at war against the Goguryeo commanderies and China's in the region. Baekje incorporated aspects of Confucian beliefs into its official beliefs and made the male-centric filiopiety idea as a law in 1390 CE. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were responsible for their families and they must be respected and obeyed by all, including their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, a country that was ruled from 918 to 1392 CE and gave the world the Hangul Alphabet based upon the shapes created by the mouth while pronouncing. This greatly improved communication and led to a boom in the writing of Buddhist text. Additionally, movable metal type printing was introduced, and woodblock printing was improved. In 1145 CE, the Samguk Sagi or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was recorded for the first time.
Development in Korea
The Korean peninsula has been continuously inhabited since Neolithic times. Early evidence of human settlements is evident in the form of graves lined with stones, with precious items like amazonite jewelry being buried with the dead. Megalithic structures, also known as dolmens, built from huge single stones, are widespread throughout the country.
In the first half of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognized political state. The peninsula was then controlled by a variety of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE), including Baekje and Goguryeo. The northern region of the peninsula was occupied for a period by the Balhae Kingdom which historians do not consider to be a genuine Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states emerged during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Baekje is the most powerful of these states, was diminished by the Goguryeo's fall (676 CE) and was left with only its southern regions in Manchuria and the the western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy, thrived for a short period of time.
The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to cooperate to expand their territories. In the final, Silla, with significant Chinese assistance, defeated all other states and unified the peninsula in 935 CE.
As Korea enters the post-crisis period, its development paradigm appears to be in flux. The people who are affronted by the huge cost of the old system would prefer a thorough program of liberalization in capital as well as labor markets. On the other hand, champions of the old system are seeking to preserve it by leveraging nationalist sentiments and exaggerating fears about job losses.
The academic and policy analysts remain in a tense debate about the extent to which these two trends are driving Koreas development towards an entirely new model of economic governance. This article assesses the latest developments by analyzing five phases of the country's political evolution including illiberal democracy (1945-60) democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) and authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87) democratic paternalism (1987-2001), and democratic participation (2002 to present). This article also identifies important factors that appear to be shaping these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. The creationists have been successful in promoting their views among this population. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that almost one-third of respondents were against evolution. Of those who voted, 41% said that there was insufficient scientific evidence to support evolution; 39% said the theory contradicted their religion and 17% claimed it was difficult to comprehend. The level of doubt is similar to that of the United States where a similar number do not believe that humans evolved from earlier species of life.
In the past, the anti-evolution campaign in Korea was focused on the education of students and bringing Christ to them. A significant increase in interest in creation science began in the year 1980, following an all-day seminar that was held during the World Evangelization Crusade in Seoul that featured Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the featured speakers. This event attracted a large number of church leaders, and scientists.
The event's success led to the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31st, 1980. The inaugural event was widely reported in national newspapers, such as The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo and also attracted a lot of attention.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter, CREATION, where it published its activities and published articles about scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated several films and slides from ICR, as well as several books on creationism that were in print outside of Korea. KACR members also gave talks at universities and churches throughout the country.
A KACR success was seen at the KAIST University in Seoul. Students at the KAIST university in Seoul were so keen on the concept of creationism that they raised funds and received funding to construct an enlightened museum on campus.
In addition to its activities, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine, CREATION. The magazine covers a variety of topics that pertain to the science of creation. It also hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. It also has a network of local branches, which hold seminars and provide talks to schoolchildren and community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the latter half of the nineteenth century and the early 20th century, Korea began to adopt a more Westernized style of life. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced by miniskirts, and other foreign fashion elements. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by rock and roll and jazz. At this time the famous samulnori or masked dance-dramas, were loved by the public. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums and other musical instruments.
Korea's new model of development is being developed in the wake of the economic crisis. The biggest challenge facing the new regime is to strike a balance between market-oriented and state-led economic policies. It also requires changing incentives, monitoring or discipline schemes that have created the system prior to the crisis. These issues are addressed in Chapters 3 & 4.
Baekje, founded by Onjo, prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo was established by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo and other areas as well as migrant workers from northern China. In the early 4th century, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory to Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. The kingdom was in constant conflict with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders on the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries led to the rise of powerful local factions. Gungye was a noble from Later Baekje, established a kingdom with Songak as its capital. It also exerted control over part of present-day Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces. Later, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival of Goguryeo.
His rule was however short-lived. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935, and then united Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla, later incorporated Baekje into Goryeo and acted as a peaceful successor. Additionally, 에볼루션 코리아 introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened a central ruling system. This marked the end of the Three Kingdoms period. The Korean peninsula was then ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly grew into powerful states on the peninsula, and in Manchuria.