北京进行大规模核酸检测，试图避免上海式封城 - 纽约时报双语版

BEIJING — Faced with a growing number of coronavirus infections across Beijing, city officials are trying to test most of the capital’s 22 million residents in the hope of avoiding the pain of imposing a citywide lockdown like in Shanghai.

北京——面对各区越来越多的新冠病毒感染病例，北京市政府官员正在试图让首都2200万居民中的大多数人进行病毒检测，希望避免像上海那样全市封控带来的痛苦。

On Tuesday, residents across the city, from the northwestern tech hub Zhongguancun to Dongcheng District, home to many historic sites, waited in long lines to get tested. Government workers in full protective gear set up tents and crowd-control barriers to organize the flow of people.

周二，从海淀区科技中心中关村到历史古迹云集的东城区，全市各地的居民排起了长队，等待接受检测。从头到脚穿着防护服的政府工作人员为组织人流设置了帐篷和护栏。

“The current epidemic situation is severe and complex,” Tian Wei, a spokesman for Beijing’s Communist Party committee, said at a news conference on Tuesday.

“当前北京疫情形势严峻复杂，”市委宣传部对外新闻处处长田伟说。

The Beijing government on Monday ordered about three-quarters of the city’s population to undergo three mandatory rounds of testing in five days, after recording several dozen new infections since Friday. The only Beijing residents not required to test are those living in outlying, mostly rural districts.

北京自上周五以来新增了几十例感染病例，市政府在周一下令全市约四分之三的人口在五天内接受三轮强制检测。目前只有那些居住在远郊、主要是农村地区的人群不需要做病毒检测。

Beijing is ordering mass testing across the city more quickly than in Shanghai, where officials started testing on a similar scale only after infections had been recorded for weeks and more than 1,000 cases had emerged.

北京下令在全市范围内进行大规模病毒检测的速度比上海更早、更快。在上海连续数周累计出现了上千例确诊病例后，当地官员才开始进行类似规模的检测。

“It’s cheaper to act earlier than to act later,” said Dr. Eric Feigl-Ding, an epidemiologist who is the chief of the Covid-19 task force at the World Health Network, a volunteer group of scientists and doctors.

“早行动比晚行动代价更低，”流行病学家丁亮博士说，他是科学家和医生自发成立的志愿组织“世界卫生网”的新冠病毒疾病特别工作组负责人。

The idea is to move faster with testing to understand how widely the outbreak has spread before seeking to impose restrictions on movement. Officials have acknowledged that the highly contagious, stealthy Omicron variant had breached Beijing’s defenses and probably has gone undetected in the city for a week, particularly in the populous district of Chaoyang.

政府在进行病毒检测上更快地行动，是为了在试图对居民的行动进行限制前摸清疫情的传播范围。官员们承认，具有高度传染性和隐蔽性的奥密克戎变异株已突破了北京的防线，在被发现前可能已传播了一周，尤其是在人口稠密的朝阳区。

“Recently, there have been several outbreaks in Chaoyang District, showing the characteristics of hidden transmission, strong contagion and rapid spread,” Yang Beibei, deputy head of the district government, said at a news conference on Monday.

“近日，朝阳区突发数起疫情，呈现传播隐匿、传染性强、发展速度快等特点，”朝阳区副区长杨蓓蓓在周一的新闻发布会上说。

On Tuesday, officials said that 22 new cases had been found in Beijing, and that health workers were particularly focused on outbreaks that have emerged in the city’s schools. Six of the latest cases were students from the same school. Officials said samples had been gathered from nearly four million people on Monday alone.

官方表示，全市周二新增22例新冠病毒感染病例，有关方面尤其关注在学校出现的疫情。新增感染病例中有六例来自同一学校的学生。官员说，仅周一一天就已采集了近400万人的检测样本。

Beijing officials urged residents to work remotely, and they suspended large-scale gatherings such as cultural performances, sports events and exhibitions. Some streets in Chaoyang, where most of the cases have been detected so far, were uncommonly quiet. Officials had earlier identified a small area elsewhere in the district, covering about a square mile of southern Chaoyang, where they ordered residents locked down or discouraged them from leaving their homes.

政府呼吁民众远程上班，并暂停了文化表演、体育赛事和展览等人群密集的活动。大多数感染病例出现在朝阳区，该区的一些街道异常安静。官员已在早些时候把朝阳区南部一个面积约2.6平方公里的范围定为高风险地区，下令对那里的居民进行封控管理，或呼吁他们非必要不外出。

Many Chaoyang residents appeared to be heeding such advice, with sidewalk eateries and shops left with no patrons. Concerns about a lockdown had prompted some panic buying on Sunday and Monday, but convenience stores and supermarkets appeared well stocked on Tuesday.

许多朝阳区居民似乎听从了这种建议，人行道旁的餐馆和商店里已经没有了顾客。虽然对封控的担忧曾引发一些人在周日和周一进行抢购，但便利店和超市周二的库存似乎充足。

“Domestic goods are sufficient and supply is sufficient, please consume rationally,” blared a loudspeaker at a local supermarket in Chaoyang District. “Do not overbuy, and do not believe and spread rumors. Leave the supermarket quickly after shopping.”

“国内货物充足，供应充分，请您理性消费，”朝阳区的一家超市在扩音器里大声告知购物者。“不要过度购买，不造谣、不信谣、不传谣。购物结束后迅速离开现场。”

Liu Changle, a meat counter employee, said that his company had doubled the stock it made available to customers on Monday, and many items had nearly sold out. The supermarket had also extended business hours on Sunday night, and a steady stream of customers bought up all the vegetables and meat. On Tuesday, he said, the flow of business was back to normal.

肉品柜台的员工刘长乐说，公司周一将供应量增加了一倍，很多东西几乎售罄。这家超市曾在周日晚延长营业时间，源源不断的顾客把蔬菜和肉类买空了。他说，周二的业务量已经恢复正常。

“It seems that everyone has bought enough food and will not come to buy,” Mr. Liu said. Asked if he were worried about being placed in quarantine, he said he was from Hubei, the province where the coronavirus first emerged in early 2020, and had lived under extensive lockdowns then as well. “I think I’m used to being in quarantine, so I’m not nervous any more.”

“好像大家都囤货了，就不来买了，”刘先生说。当被问及是否担心被隔离时，他说自己是湖北人，曾在大规模封控下生活过。湖北是新冠病毒2020年初最早扩散传播的省份。“我觉得我都习惯隔离了，所以我也不紧张了。”

Beijing has sought to assure the public about supplies to prevent widespread panic. The city’s deputy mayor, Chen Jining, inspected several markets on Monday in a staged event to show that the authorities were paying attention to food supplies. Zhao Weidong, deputy director of the city’s commerce bureau, said Tuesday that the government would start releasing 100 tons of eggs from its reserves to meet public demand.

北京市政府试图让公众不要担心供应问题，以防出现大范围的恐慌。副市长陈吉宁周一视察了几个菜市场，以显示当局正对食品供应的重视。北京市商务局副局长赵卫东周二说，北京市开始投放100吨政府鸡蛋储备，以满足公众需求。

Beijing also does not appear to have interfered so far with established private-sector distribution and delivery. By contrast, Shanghai introduced stringent rules for controlling truck traffic in the city, which has disrupted much of the complex food distribution arrangements that fed the city’s nearly 26 million residents. Official daily truck passes for entering the city now sell for as much as $2,000 on the black market. The Shanghai police announced on Monday afternoon that they had detained 34 people whom they accused of making fake passes.

到目前为止，北京市政府似乎也没有干预民营部门建立起来的发货和配送渠道。相比之下，上海市为控制市内的货物运输出台了严格规定，打乱了全市近2600万居民赖以生存的错综复杂的食物配送安排。官员向卡车司机发放的进入上海当日有效的通行证，在黑市上已炒到了1.3万元。上海警方周一下午宣布，已抓获涉案人员34名，他们被指控伪造通行证。

Officials around the country are probably eager to avoid the widespread shortages of food and other necessities in Shanghai during that city’s lockdown, which has now lasted around a month. The lockdown forced the city’s economy to grind to a halt and also prevented people with life-threatening illnesses from getting prompt medical care. It has been a source of rising public anger against the government.

全国各地的官员们可能都在急于避免上海在封控期间出现的食品和其他必需品普遍短缺的状况。上海封城已经持续了一个月左右。封控导致上海的经济陷入停顿，让患有危及生命疾病的人得不到及时的医疗救治。封控已成为公众对政府日益高涨的愤怒的来源。

Despite the onerous and costly measures, Shanghai has reported more than 500,000 infections and 190 deaths in this outbreak.

尽管采取了繁重和代价高昂的措施，上海已在这轮疫情中通报了50多万例感染病例，已有190人死亡。

China has held firmly to a strategy of eliminating coronavirus infections in part because the ruling Communist Party has staked its political legitimacy on controlling the virus better than other countries, especially its geopolitical rivals in the West. It is also concerned that many of the country’s oldest residents are unvaccinated, or have not received boosters, making them more vulnerable to severe illness and death.

中国一直坚持清零政策，部分原因是执政的共产党已把自己的政治合法性押在了比其他国家更好地控制病毒上，尤其是跟西方地缘政治对手相比。中国也担心国内许多老年人还没有接种疫苗，或者还没有打加强针，这让他们更容易在感染后出现重症和死亡。

Beijing is trying to address vaccination hesitancy with increasingly lavish incentives to people willing to accept jabs. One subdistrict in northern Beijing is now offering shopping vouchers worth $150 for residents aged 80 or older who accept a vaccine. And it has promised a scarce Beijing Winter Olympics mascot doll, Bing Dwen Dwen, to each child aged 3 to 5 who gets a shot.

中国政府正试图解决人们对疫苗接种的犹豫问题，为愿意接种者提供越来越慷慨的激励。北京北边的一个街道为愿意接受疫苗的80岁以上居民提供价值1000元的购物券。北京市还承诺，接种疫苗的三到五岁儿童每人获赠一个紧俏的北京冬奥会吉祥物——冰墩墩。

One resident at the supermarket in Beijing who was shopping for groceries on Tuesday said she had faith that the city would quickly contain the outbreak without serious disruptions.

周二在北京一家超市购物的一名居民说，她相信北京会将疫情迅速控制下去，不至于给人民的生活造成严重干扰。

“If Beijing can’t control the epidemic, and the people have nothing to eat, the whole country will be in big trouble,” said Liu Baojuan, a resident of Chaoyang. “I’m not worried; I still trust the government.”

“北京要是都控制不住疫情，老百姓没吃的了，那全国都完了，”朝阳区居民刘宝娟（音）说。“我不担心，我还是相信政府。”

Liu Yi和Li You对本文有研究贡献。

Keith Bradsher是《纽约时报》北京分社社长，曾任上海分社社长、香港分社社长、底特律分社社长。他此前曾驻华盛顿报道国际贸易新闻。2013年，他所在的团队凭借对苹果的报道获得了普利策奖。1998年，他凭借对运动型多用途汽车(SUV)存在危险的报道入围普利策奖。欢迎在Twitter上关注他：@KeithBradsher。

翻译：纽约时报中文网

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