不再取悦世界：一届展现习近平全面愿景的冬奥会 - 纽约时报双语版

When the International Olympic Committee met seven years ago to choose a host for the 2022 Winter Games, China’s leader, Xi Jinping, sent a short video message that helped tip the scale in a close, controversial vote.

七年前，当国际奥林匹克委员会开会选择2022年冬季奥运会举办国前，中国领导人习近平向国际奥委会发了一段起决定性作用的视频信息，帮助中国在一轮有争议的激烈投票中获胜。

China had limited experience with winter sports. Little snow falls in the distant hills where outdoor events would take place. Pollution was so dense at times that it was known as the “Airpocalypse.”

中国在冬季运动方面的经验有限。北京冬奥会的室外赛区选在远离城市的山区，那里每年只有少量降雪。北京的空气污染如此之严重，有时甚至被称为“空气末日”。

Mr. Xi pledged to resolve all of this, putting his personal prestige on what seemed then like an audacious bid. “We will deliver every promise we made,” he told the Olympic delegates meeting in Malaysia’s capital, Kuala Lumpur.

习近平承诺解决所有这些问题，将他的个人声望押在了当时看似一次非常大胆的竞标上。我们“将全面兑现每一项承诺”，他对在马来西亚首都吉隆坡开会的国际奥委会委员们说。

With the Games only days away, China has delivered. It has plowed through the obstacles that once made Beijing’s bid seem a long shot, and faced down new ones, including an unending pandemic and mounting international concern over its authoritarian behavior.

距离冬奥会开幕只剩下几天了，中国已兑现了承诺。它不仅全力克服了曾让北京申奥看似希望不大的障碍，而且还克服了新的障碍，包括无休止的新冠病毒疫情，以及国际社会对中国威权主义行为不断增长的担忧。

As in 2008, when Beijing was host of the Summer Olympics, the Games have become a showcase of the country’s achievements. Only now, it is a very different country.

与2008年北京举办夏季奥运会时一样，本届冬奥会已成为一个展示中国成就的舞台。只不过这次，它已是一个非常不同的国家。

China no longer needs to prove its standing on the world stage; instead, it wants to proclaim the sweeping vision of a more prosperous, more confident nation under Mr. Xi, the country’s most powerful leader since Mao Zedong. Where the government once sought to mollify its critics to make the Games a success, today it defies them.

中国不再需要证明自己在世界舞台上的地位，而是要宣告习近平领导下的一个更繁荣、更自信的中国展现给世界的全面愿景。习近平是自毛泽东以来权力最大的中国领导人。曾为成功举办夏季奥运会试图抚慰批评者的政府，如今已对批评者不屑一顾。

Beijing 2022 “will not only enhance our confidence in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,” said Mr. Xi, who this year is poised to claim a third term at the top. It will also “show a good image of our country and demonstrate our nation’s commitment to building a community with a shared future for mankind.”

习近平说，北京冬奥会“不仅可以增强我们实现中华民族伟大复兴的信心，而且有利于展示我们国家和民族致力于推动构建人类命运共同体的良好形象”。他已准备在今年获得第三个国家主席任期。

Mr. Xi’s government has brushed off criticism from human rights activists and world leaders as the bias of those — including President Biden — who would keep China down. It has implicitly warned Olympic broadcasters and sponsors not to bend to calls for protests or boycotts over the country’s political crackdown in Hong Kong or its campaign of repression in Xinjiang, the largely Muslim region in the northwest.

习近平政府不理睬人权活动人士和世界领导人的批评，认为这是带有偏见的人（包括拜登总统）不想看到中国的崛起。中国政府已间接地警告奥运转播商和赞助商，不要受抗议或抵制呼声左右，这些呼声针对的是中国在香港的政治压制，或在以穆斯林为主的新疆地区的镇压运动。

It has overruled the I.O.C. in negotiations over health protocols to combat Covid and imposed stricter safety measures than those during the Summer Olympics in Tokyo last year. It has insisted on sustaining its “zero Covid” strategy, evolved from China’s first lockdown, in Wuhan two years ago, regardless of the cost to its economy and its people.

为抗击新冠病毒疫情，中国在有关公共卫生措施的谈判中拒绝了国际奥委会的方案，采取了比去年东京夏季奥运会期间更严格的安全做法。中国一直在国内坚持新冠病毒感染病例“清零”的策略，甚至在面临奥密克戎变异株时加强了这一战略，不理会这样做给经济和人民造成的代价。“清零”策略是由两年前中国首次在武汉封城演变而来的。

Very few people today harbor illusions, unlike in 2008, that the privilege of hosting the event will moderate the country’s authoritarian policies. China then sought to meet the world’s terms. Now the world must accept China’s.

如今已很少有人像在2008年时那样，幻想授予中国主办奥运会的荣誉能缓和该国的威权政策。中国那时寻求的是满足世界的条件。今天，世界必须接受中国。

“They don’t need this to legitimize their rule,” said Xu Guoqi, a historian at the University of Hong Kong and author of “Olympic Dreams: China and Sports, 1895-2008.” “And they don’t need to please the whole world to make the event a big success.”

“他们不需要奥运会来使他们的统治合法化，”香港大学历史学家、《奥林匹克之梦：中国与体育，1895-2008》一书的作者徐国琦说道。“他们不需要取悦全世界就能让这次活动大获成功。”

The I.O.C., like international corporations and entire countries, has become so dependent on China and its huge market that few can, or dare to, speak up against the direction Mr. Xi is taking the country.

与许多国际企业和许多国家一样，国际奥委会已变得对中国及其庞大市场如此之依赖，以至于它们很少能够或敢于公开批评习近平正在将这个国家带入的方向。

China’s critics, activists for human and labor rights and others have accused the committee of failing to press Mr. Xi to change the country’s increasingly authoritarian policies. However, that presumes the committee has leverage to use.

中国的批评者、人权和劳工权益活动人士，以及其他人指责国际奥委会没有向习近平施压，让其改变中国越来越威权主义的政策。但这假定的是国际奥委会拥有可使用的影响力。

When Mr. Xi’s government faced an international furor after smothering an accusation of sexual assault by the tennis player Peng Shuai, a three-time Olympian, the I.O.C. did not speak out. Instead, it helped deflect concerns about her whereabouts and safety.

习近平的政府在将网球运动员、三届奥运会选手彭帅的性侵犯指控压下去后面临国际社会的批评时，国际奥委会没有公开发声，而是帮助转移了人们对彭帅下落和安全的担忧。

China’s tenacious — many say ruthless — efficiency was precisely what appealed to Olympic delegates after the staggering costs of the 2014 Winter Games in Sochi, Russia, and the white-knuckle chaos of preparations for the 2016 Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro.

2014年的俄罗斯索契冬奥会费用高得令人难以置信，2016年的里约热内卢夏季奥运会筹备工作混乱得令人紧张不安，经历了那两届后，中国的不懈效率——许多人称之为残酷无情——吸引了国际奥委会的委员们。

As Mr. Xi promised, the toxic air that once choked Beijing has largely, if not entirely, given way to blue skies. High-speed railways have slashed the trip from Beijing to the most distant venues from four hours to one.

正如习近平承诺的那样，曾让北京窒息的有毒空气已在很大程度上消失，大多数时间（虽然不是每天）都能看到蓝天。高铁已将从北京到最远赛区的时间从四小时缩短到一小时。

In an area perennially short of water, China built a network of pipelines to feed a phalanx of snow-making machines to dust barren slopes in white. Officials this week even claimed the entire Games would be “fully carbon neutral.”

中国已在这样一个常年缺水的地区建起了一套管道网，为密集的造雪机供水，让荒山披上了白装。官员们甚至已在本周声称，本届奥运会“将全面实现碳中和”。

Christophe Dubi, executive director of the upcoming Games, said in an interview that China proved to be a partner willing and able to do whatever it took to pull off the event, regardless of the challenges.

即将开幕的北京冬奥会执行主任克里斯托弗·杜比在接受采访时说，事实证明，中国是一个愿意、也有能力不惜一切代价办好赛事的合作伙伴，不管面临着怎样的挑战。

“Organizing the Games,” Mr. Dubi said, “was easy.”

“冬奥筹备工作十分顺利，”杜比说。

The committee has deflected questions about human rights and other controversies overshadowing the Games. While the committee’s own charter calls for “improving the promotion and respect of human rights,” officials have said that it was not for them to judge the host country’s political system.

国际奥委会回避了给奥运会蒙上阴影的人权和其他有争议的问题。尽管《奥林匹克宪章》中有“改善和增进人权”的呼吁，但奥委会官员说，不由他们来评判东道国的政治制度。

Instead, what matters most to the committee is pulling off the Games. By selecting Beijing, the committee had alighted on a “safe choice,” said Thomas Bach, the committee’s president.

对奥委会来说，最重要的是办好奥运会。国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫曾表示，北京是一个“安全的选择”。

“We know China will deliver on its promises.”

“我们知道中国会兑现承诺。”

Where Snow Seldom Falls

 很少下雪的地方

Beijing’s bid to become the first city to host a Summer and Winter Olympics took root when Lim Chee Wah, the scion of a Malaysian developer of casinos and golf courses, moved to a booming Beijing in the 1990s and wanted a place to ski.

林致华在20世纪90年代搬到经济快速发展的北京后，这里已经开始努力成为史上第一个既举办夏奥会又举办冬奥运会的城市。林致华来自曾是马来西亚赌场和高尔夫球场开发商的名门望族，他希望有一个能滑雪的地方。

He drove up winding roads northwest of Beijing for five hours to a mountainous region populated by cabbage and potato farmers. The area’s only ski resort was a single wooden building with a dining room, a handful of hotel rooms and a small ski shop.

他在北京西北蜿蜒的道路上开了五个小时的车，来到了一个种植洋白菜和土豆的农村山区。那里唯一的滑雪度假设施是一座包括餐厅、几间旅馆客房和一个小型滑雪商店的木制建筑。

“I went out and said, ‘Where is the ski lift?’ and they said, ‘You see this road going up?’” he recalled in an interview. A Toyota Coaster minibus ferried skiers up the road to the top of the slope.

“我下车问人，‘运送滑雪者上坡的上山吊椅在哪儿？’当地人回答说，‘你看到那条上山的路了吗？’”林致华在接受采访时回忆道。一辆丰田柯斯达款的小型巴士沿着那条山路把滑雪者运到山顶。

Mr. Lim, who had learned to ski in the American resort town of Vail, Colo., soon struck a deal with the local authorities to turn 24,700 acres of mostly barren hills into China’s largest ski resort.

林致华是在美国度假胜地科罗拉多州的韦尔学会滑雪的。他很快与北京附近这片山区的政府达成了一项协议，要将近100平方公里的荒山变成中国最大的滑雪胜地。

In 2009 he met with Gerhard Heiberg, Norway’s representative on the executive board of the Olympic committee, who had overseen the organization of the 1994 Winter Games in Lillehammer. Together, they began envisioning how to hold the Games in the hills near the Great Wall of China.

2009年，林致华认识了代表挪威的国际奥委会执行委员格尔哈德·海伯格，后者曾负责1994年利勒哈默尔冬奥会的组织工作。他们两人一起开始设想如何在中国长城附近的山上举办冬季奥运会。

China had previously sought the Winter Olympics, proposing to hold the 2010 Games in Harbin, the former Russian outpost that is the capital of the northeast province of Heilongjiang. The city did not even make the shortlist in a competition ultimately won in 2003 by Vancouver, British Columbia. The authorities in Harbin mulled another bid in the heady aftermath of Beijing 2008, but scrapped the idea when they seemed destined to fail again.

中国以前寻求过举办冬奥会，曾申请在哈尔滨举办2010年冬奥会。哈尔滨是东北省份黑龙江的省会，以前这里曾居住着许多俄罗斯人。但哈尔滨在初选阶段即被淘汰，加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的温哥华在2003年赢得了2010年冬奥会的举办权。在成功举办了2008年北京夏季奥运会后人心大振的气氛下，哈尔滨当局曾考虑过再次申办，但在他们看来申办注定会再次失败后，便放弃了那个想法。

By then, the luster of hosting the Winter Games had worn off. Vancouver was dogged by unseasonably warm weather. Sochi 2014 — intended as a valedictory of Vladimir V. Putin’s rule in Russia — cost a staggering $51 billion.

与以前相比，举办冬奥会的光彩那时候已经褪去了许多。温哥华的冬奥会曾受气候异常温暖的困扰。原打算作为普京卸任俄罗斯总统的告别仪式举办的2014年索契冬奥会花了510亿美元的惊人费用。

Growing wariness of organizing the quadrennial event gave China an unexpected advantage. Beijing — no one’s idea of a winter sports capital — could reuse sites from the 2008 Games, including the iconic Bird’s Nest stadium for the opening ceremony. The Water Cube, which held the swimming and diving events 14 years ago, was rebranded as the Ice Cube.

对组织这个四年一度的活动的日益谨慎给了中国一个意想不到的优势。没人认为是冬季运动之都的北京可重新使用2008年夏季奥运会的场馆，包括举行开幕式的标志性体育场“鸟巢”。14年前举办游泳和跳水比赛的“水立方”变身“冰立方”。

Figure skating and short-track speedskating (which provided China its only gold medal in the 2018 Winter Games) will take place at the Capital Indoor Stadium, the venue of the “Ping-Pong diplomacy” between the United States and China in 1971 and Olympic volleyball in 2008.

花样滑冰和短道速滑（该项目在2018年冬季奥运会上为中国赢得了唯一一块冬奥会金牌）比赛将在首都体育馆举行，1971年中美两国的“乒乓外交”以及2008年奥运会的排球比赛都是在这里举行的。

China promised to spend only $1.5 billion on capital projects at venues, plus that much in operating expenses, a fraction of the cost for Sochi or the 2018 Games in Pyeongchang, South Korea, which cost nearly $13 billion. “When you don’t have the pressure of money the way we do in other contexts, it is really different,” said Mr. Dubi of the Olympic committee.

中国承诺在场馆工程项目上只投入15亿美元的资金，再加上同样数额的运行费用，这与索契冬奥会或2018年韩国平昌冬奥会相比只是个零头，2018年冬奥会的花费接近130亿美元。“没有了我们通常存在的那种资金压力后，情况确实大不一样，”奥委会的杜比说。

Even so, China’s bid seemed unlikely to succeed, especially since the 2018 Games were also taking place in Asia and officials expected the next host to be in Europe. Then one European city after another pulled out, leaving Beijing competing only against Almaty, the former capital of Kazakhstan, once a republic of the Soviet Union.

即使如此，中国的申办看似不太可能成功，尤其是因为2018年的冬季奥运会也定在亚洲举行，奥委会官员曾预期由欧洲来主办下届冬奥会。后来发生了欧洲城市一个接一个退出申办的情况，只剩下北京与曾是苏联加盟共和国哈萨克斯坦的前首都阿拉木图竞争。

The final tally was 44 to 40 for Beijing, with one abstention. Almaty’s supporters were left to fume over a glitch in the electronic voting system that prompted a manual recount to “protect the integrity of the vote.” That Kazakhstan has plunged into political turmoil on the eve of the Games seems now, in hindsight, further validation of the choice to pick Beijing.

北京最终以44票支持、40票反对、一票弃权的结果胜出。阿拉木图的支持者们对电子投票系统出现的一个小故障感到愤怒，该故障迫使奥委会为“保护投票的完整性”用人工方式重新计票。如今，哈萨克斯坦已在冬奥会前夕陷入政治动荡，回过头来看，选择北京的正确性似乎得到了进一步证明。

“I don’t think it’s a stretch and I’m not being disingenuous or negative toward the Chinese — they probably would not have been victorious had some of those European cities stayed in the race,” said Terrence Burns, a marketing consultant who worked on Almaty’s bid and for Beijing when it secured the 2008 Games. “But you know what? They hung in there, and you know, winners find a way to win.”

“我不觉得这个说法过分，也不觉得我言不由衷或对中国持否定态度，但如果其中的一些欧洲城市没有退出申办的话，北京很可能不会胜出，”营销顾问特伦斯·伯恩斯说，他曾为阿拉木图的申办努力工作，也曾为北京赢得2008年奥运会的努力工作过。“但你懂我的意思吧？他们坚持下来了，赢家总能找到一个获胜的方法，你懂吧。”

An Underdog Turned Olympic Power

 一个处于劣势者变成了奥林匹克强国

With the bid in hand, Mr. Xi decreed that China would become a winter sports wonderland, even though very few in China skied. He vowed in a letter to the Olympic committee that the Games would “ignite the passion” of 300 million people.

申办成功后，习近平为中国制定了成为冬季运动乐园的目标，尽管中国很少有人滑雪。他在写给奥委会的信中说，举办冬奥会将“带动3亿多人参与冰雪运动”。

There are now six resorts in the mountains near Chongli, a small city near Zhangjiakou, one of two Olympic clusters created in the mountains north of Beijing. They have spurred a budding interest in skiing, with 2.8 million visitors in the winter of 2018 and 2019, according to Xinhua, compared to 480,000 three years before.

张家口附近的小城崇礼的山区已建起六个滑雪度假地，崇礼是北京北部山区为冬奥会修建的两个赛区之一。据新华社报道，新设施激发了人们对滑雪的兴趣，崇礼在2018-2019年雪季迎来了280多万名游客，而三年前的游客数量只有48万。

Mr. Lim’s resort was chosen by China’s Olympic organizers for the snowboard and freestyle skiing events.

林致华的度假地被中国冬奥会组织者选为单板滑雪和自由式滑雪的赛场。

Nearby is the venue for ski jumping, a complex built to resemble a ceremonial scepter popular in the Qing dynasty, complete with a 6,000-seat stadium at the bottom that is supposed to hold soccer matches after the Olympics.

那附近是跳台滑雪赛场“雪如意”，该建筑群是仿照清朝宫廷喜爱的珍宝建造的，一个有6000个座位的体育场建在滑雪道底部的两侧，据说冬奥会后将用作足球比赛场地。

Events that require longer, steeper slopes — the Alpine races — will take place in another cluster in the mountains near Yanqing, a district on the northern edge of greater Beijing. Creating the seven courses there required extensive blasting to chisel ski runs out of gray cliffs near the Great Wall.

需要更长、更陡坡度的项目越野滑雪将在北京最北边的延庆区附近的山里举行。那里修建的七个滑雪赛道是通过大量爆破在长城附近的灰色山崖间开凿出来的。

At a time when climate change has created worries about whether many ski resorts may become too warm for snow, the hills northwest of Beijing do not lack for winter temperatures. What the area lacks is water and, thus, snow.

在气候变化已让人们担心许多滑雪场是不是会变得更暖、不再有雪的时候，北京西北山区冬天的温度并不是问题。这些山区的问题是缺水导致的缺雪。

When Beijing bid, the evaluation committee raised concern that events would take place in a landscape of barren brown slopes. “There could be no snow outside of the racecourse, especially in Yanqing, impacting the visual perception of the snow setting,” the committee’s report said.

北京申办冬奥会时，评估组曾担心，赛事将在一片贫瘠的褐色山坡上举行。“赛道外可能没有雪，尤其是在延庆，这会影响作为赛事背景的雪景感观，”评估委员会的报告写道。

China’s solution was to build pipelines and reservoirs to supply the machines that will cover the courses in snow. (Almaty’s slogan was a subtle dig at Beijing’s plans for artificial snow: “Keeping it Real.”)

中国的解决方案是：为用雪覆盖赛道的造雪机修建供水管道和蓄水池。（阿拉木图的申办口号“做事真实”是对北京人工造雪计划的微妙挖苦。）

Late last month, in the village in Chongli where many athletes will stay, the machines hummed day and night to blow plumes of snow not only on the runs, but also into the woods and fields nearby to create an Alpine veneer — at least for the television cameras.

上月底，在将为许多运动员提供住宿的崇礼奥林匹克村，机器昼夜不停地运转着，把造出来的雪不仅喷撒到赛道上，也喷撒到附近的树林和田野里，制造出一种万里雪飘的虚假外表——至少在电视摄像机里看起来是这样。

Workers have also planted tens of thousands of trees, watered by an elaborate irrigation system. Many stand in long, straight rows and look less like natural forests than giant Christmas tree farms.

工人们还种了好几万棵树，由一个复杂的灌溉系统为其浇水。这些沿着直线种出来的一排排的树看上去更像是个巨大的圣诞树苗圃，而不是天然的森林。

The Olympic Helmsman

 奥林匹克舵手

In the months before the 2008 Olympics, Mr. Xi was put in charge of the final preparations. He had only recently joined the country’s highest political body, the Politburo Standing Committee. The role was effectively a test of his leadership potential.

在2008年奥运会即将举行前的几个月，习近平被安排负责最后的筹备工作。他那时刚刚进入中国的最高政治机构——政治局常务委员会。赋予他这个职责实际上是在检验他的领导潜力。

He took a particular interest in military preparations for the Games, including the installation of 44 antiaircraft batteries around Beijing, even though the likelihood of an aerial attack on the city seemed far-fetched.

他对为奥运会做军事准备工作尤其有兴趣，包括在北京周边部署了44个防空导弹系统，尽管北京遭受空中打击的可能性似乎微乎其微。

“A safe Olympics is the biggest symbol of a successful Beijing Olympic Games, and is the most important symbol of the country’s international image,” he said then.

“平安奥运是北京奥运会取得成功的最大标志，也是展现我国国家形象最重要的标志，”习近平当时说。

Preparations for these Games reflect Mr. Xi’s style of governance. He has been at the center of each decision — from the layout of the Olympic Village in Chongli, to the brands of skis and ski suits. In keeping with increasingly nationalistic policies, he voiced a preference for Chinese ski equipment over imports.

为奥运会做的准备工作反映了习近平的治理风格。他一直位于每个决策的中心，从崇礼奥运村的布局到滑雪板和滑雪服的品牌。为了与越来越民族主义的政策保持一致，他表示最好使用国产滑雪设备而不是进口设备。

When Mr. Xi went to inspect venues in the Chongli district of Zhangjiakou for the first time in January 2017, he ordered the local authorities to make sure that they did not build too much — a frequent tendency of officials in China who use any international event as an excuse for extravagant projects.

习近平2017年1月首次去张家口的崇礼区视察比赛场馆时曾指示当地政府不要过度建设，中国官员喜欢以国际活动为借口，搞铺张浪费的建设。

He has visited the Olympic venues five times altogether to check on progress, most recently earlier this month, when he said managing the Games well was China’s “solemn pledge to the international community.”

习近平总共视察了五次冬奥会场馆，最近一次是在本月早些时候，他在那次视察中说，办好冬奥会是中国“向国际社会作出的庄严承诺”。

The political resolve that attracted Olympic officials has also become a challenge. Relieved but exhausted after managing the Summer Games in Tokyo, top officials tried to convince Beijing organizers to stick with a similar playbook in dealing with the coronavirus. China’s insistence on continuing with its “zero-COVID policy” created “a lot of natural tension,” Mr. Dubi said.

吸引国际奥委会官员的政治决心也变成了一种挑战。成功举办了东京夏季奥运会之后，奥委会高级官员们虽然松了一口气，但也已筋疲力尽，他们试图说服北京冬奥会组织者在应对新冠病毒方面采取类似东京奥运会的措施。中国坚持其感染病例“清零”的政策，制造了“许多意料之中的紧张关系”，杜比说。

In the end the Olympic committee bowed to China’s demands for a far more invasive daily testing regimen, requiring thousands of individuals inside a bubble to provide daily throat swabs in an operation that Mr. Dubi said would be “massive” and “complex.”

最终，国际奥委会对中国提出的更侵入性措施做了让步，中国要求呆在“泡泡”里的几千人每天接受咽拭子检测。用杜比的话说，这种做法“规模庞大”且“复杂”。

When Peng Shuai’s accusation of sexual harassment rocked the sports world last fall, the committee found itself caught in the furor.

彭帅的性骚扰指控在去年秋天震惊了体育界后，国际奥委会发现自己陷入了群情激愤之中。

The official she accused, Zhang Gaoli, oversaw China’s preparations for the 2022 Games for three years until his retirement in 2018. The authorities in China scrubbed her accusation from the internet and sought to deflect attention away from the issues — only to see concern over her fate redouble calls for a boycott of the Games or their sponsors.

彭帅指控的官员张高丽曾在退休前的三年里负责2022年北京冬奥会的筹备工作。中国当局将彭帅的指控在国内的互联网上全部删除，并试图转移人们对这些问题的关注，结果却看到关注彭帅命运的人加强了抵制冬奥会或奥运赞助商的呼声。

Cloistered inside their offices in Lausanne, Switzerland, officials could do little except issue a statement suggesting that “quiet diplomacy” was the correct course.

在瑞士洛桑与世隔绝的办公室里，奥委会官员们除了发表声明暗示“静默外交”才是正确的做法外，几乎做不了什么。

Officials with some national Olympic committees fumed in private. Without the protective cover of the international committee, they feared reprisals if they spoke out individually.

一些国家的奥委会官员私下里颇为恼火。没有国际奥委会做掩护，他们担心如果单独发声会遭到报复。

The 2008 Olympics also faced harsh criticism. A campaign led by the actress Mia Farrow called the event the “genocide games” because of China’s support for Sudan despite its brutal crackdown in the Darfur region. The traditional torch relay was hounded by protests in cities on multiple continents, including Paris, London, San Francisco and Seoul.

2008年的北京奥运会曾面临严厉的批评。由演员米娅·法罗领导的一项运动称其为“种族灭绝奥运会”，因为尽管苏丹在达尔富尔地区进行残酷镇压，但中国仍支持苏丹。传统的奥运火炬传递活动在多个大洲遭到抗议，包括在巴黎、伦敦、旧金山和首尔。

The accusations against China today are, arguably, even more serious. The United States and other countries have declared that China’s crackdown against the Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang amounts to genocide. Ms. Farrow’s biting sobriquet has resurfaced for 2022, with a Twitter hashtag.

可以说，人们现在对中国有更严重的指责。美国和其他国家已经宣布，中国对新疆维吾尔族穆斯林的镇压构成了种族灭绝。法罗当年对北京奥运会的辛辣说法在2022年以一个Twitter话题标签重新出现。

“The severe repression that China has rolled out in Xinjiang, in Tibet, in Hong Kong has all taken place since 2015,” the year that the Olympic delegates awarded Beijing the Games, said Minky Worden, who has followed China’s participation in the Olympics for Human Rights Watch for more than two decades.

“中国对新疆、西藏、香港实行的严厉镇压都发生在2015年以后，”为人权观察组织研究中国参与奥林匹克运动已20多年的胡丹(Minky Worden)说道。国际奥委会是在2015年将2022年冬奥会的举办权授予中国的。

“The I.O.C. would be within its right to say that these issues have to be addressed,” she said. “They haven’t.”

“国际奥委会表示这些问题需要得到解决，这本是其职权范围内的事情，”她说。“但他们没有这样做。”

There have been hints of misgivings about the choice of Beijing — “All the political issues driving the agenda today were not on the radar seven years ago,” Michael Payne, a former Olympic marketing director, said — and yet the Games will go on.

虽然对选择北京作为冬奥会举办地的疑虑暗示一直存在——“所有这些推动今天议程的政治问题七年前还没有进入人们的视野，”曾任奥委会市场开发部总监的迈克尔·佩恩说——但冬奥会将继续举行。

Because of the coronavirus, foreign spectators, and even ordinary Chinese, are prevented from attending the Games. Instead, China will allow only screened spectators of its own choosing. It will mostly be a performance for Chinese and international television audiences, offering a choreographed view of the country, the one Mr. Xi’s government has of itself.

由于新冠病毒，外国观众将不能到场观看奥运比赛，就连普通的中国民众也不能。取而代之的是，中国将允许其挑选出来的经过筛查的观众参加。本届冬奥会将主要是为中国和国际的电视观众提供一场表演，让他们看到一个为中国精心设计的形象，一个习近平政府心目中的自身形象。

If the coronavirus can be kept under control, Beijing could weather the Olympics with fewer problems than seemed likely when it won the rights to the Games seven years ago. Mr. Xi’s government has already effectively declared it a success. A dozen other Chinese cities are already angling for the 2036 Summer Olympics.

如果能控制住新冠病毒在奥运场馆的传播，北京举办本届奥运会将面临的问题可能比七年前赢得举办权时以为会遇到的问题少。习近平的政府已经基本上宣布了冬奥会的成功。十几个其他的中国城市已有了举办2036年夏季奥运会的念头。

“The world looks forward to China,” Mr. Xi said in an New Year’s address, “and China is ready.”

“世界期待中国，中国做好了准备，”习近平在2022年新年致辞中说。

储百亮(Chris Buckley)对本文有报道贡献。Claire Fu、Liu Yi和Li You对本文有研究贡献。

Steven Lee Myers是《纽约时报》北京分社社长。他自1989年加入时报，曾在莫斯科、巴格达和华盛顿多地进行报道。他著有《新沙皇：弗拉基米尔·普京的崛起和统治》(The New Tsar: The Rise and Reign of Vladimir Putin)一书。欢迎在Twitter和Facebook上关注他。

Keith Bradsher是《纽约时报》上海分社社长，曾任香港分社社长、底特律分社社长。他之前曾驻华盛顿报道国际贸易新闻，后驻纽约报道美国经济和通信行业，还曾担任航空业记者。欢迎在Twitter上关注他：@KeithBradsher。

Tariq Panja报道全球体育行业某些较为黑暗的方面。他与人合著有揭露足球数十亿美元的球员交易行业内幕的《Football’s Secret Trade》一书。欢迎在Twitter上关注他：@tariqpanja。

翻译：纽约时报中文网

点击查看本文英文版。

本文章抓取自RSS，版权归源站点所有。

查看原文：不再取悦世界：一届展现习近平全面愿景的冬奥会 - 纽约时报双语版

[点击] 加入书友群 1.5TB电子书资源 @ideahub_ml

[点击] 全网福利资源|薅羊毛·省钱中心 @rss_news_list

[点击] 路透中文 @lutouzhongwen_rss

[点击] 纽约时报 @niuyueshibao_rss

[点击] 美国之音 @meiguozhiyin_rss

[点击] 知乎日报 @zhihuribao_rss

[点击] BBC中文 @bbczhongwen_rss

[点击] FT中文网 @ftzhongwen_rss

[点击] 双语新闻 @shuangyunews_rss

[点击] 法国 国际广播电台 @rfi_rss

[点击] 德国 德国之声 @dw_rss

[点击] 澳大利亚 广播公司 @abc_rss

[点击] 俄罗斯 卫星通讯社 @ru_rss

[点击] 新加坡 联合早报 @sg_rss

[点击] 韩国 中央日报 @korea_rss

[点击] 日本 日经中文网 @jp_rss

[点击] 台湾香港 当地日报 @ttww_rss

[点击] 跳转到商家页面

[点击] 跳转到商家页面