Britons are wasting million of pounds buying Vitamin C supplements to ward off colds after researchers found they have no benefit at all. Academics who looked back at 67 studies examining the effectiveness of cold preventions and remedies discovered that few live up to the hype. Traditional remedies like echinacea, ginseng, vapour rubs and cough medicine were found to have no clear benefits while antibiotics were likely to cause more harm than good, the researchers concluded. Out of all the studies, only taking a zinc supplement was found to be beneficial at preventing colds. Drugs like ibuprofen and paracetamol were found to be useful at reducing fever and taking honey soothed a sore throat. General hand washing was also effective at preventing the illness spreading, the authors concluded. The findings mean that Brits are wasting millions every year trying to ward off colds. “The best evidence for the prevention of the common cold supports hand-washing and possibly the use of zinc supplements,” said Dr Michael Allan, of the Department of Family Medicine, at the University of Alberta.
“Although self-limiting, the common cold is highly prevalent and may be debilitating. It causes declines in function and productivity at work and may affect other activities such as driving “Its impact on society is large.” At least two trials indicated that children who took 10 or 15mg of zinc sulphate daily had lower rates of colds and fewer absences from school due to colds. Although the studies carried out on children the researchers concluded that: “there is no biblical reason why zinc could work only in children and not adults.” The common cold affects adults approximately 2-3 times a year and children under age 2 approximately 6 times a year. Symptoms such as sore throat, stuffy or runny nose, cough and malaise are usually worse in days 1-3 and can last 7-10 days, sometimes as long as 3 weeks. Only about one in 20 colds are caused by bacteria, with the majority caused by a virus which cannot be treated with anti-biotics. Vitamin C became popular in the Seventies after Nobel laureate Linus Pauling concluded it could prevent and alleviate colds.
It is the UK’s most popular vitamin with annual sales of around £36 million. It is a dietary antioxidant and so can neutralise the effects of free radicals and support the immune system's host defence. However a recent Cochrane review found that regular Vitamin C supplements had no effect on common cold incidence although it may shorten the time the disease lasts. Large doses of Vitamin C are also likely to cause nausea, diarrhoea and stomach cramps. The researchers also debunked other traditional cures. “The role of ginseng in preventing common colds is questionable,” said Dr Allan. “Studies of exercise, garlic and homeopathy showed unclear evidence of benefit, whereas those of Vitamin D, and Echinacea showed no evidence of benefit.” The report authors also found that vapour rub containing camphor, menthol and eucalyptus oil, applied to the neck and chest had virtually no benefit and could lead to a rash or a burning sensation. Researchers also found that ibuprofen and acetaminophen help with pain and fever.
The researchers said there is some evidence that probiotics may help prevent colds, although the types and combinations of organisms varied in the studies as did the formulations, making comparison difficult. Graham Keen, executive director of the Health Food Manufacturers Association said: “This new review contradicts pre-existing, robust evidence demonstrating a positive impact of vitamin C supplements in this area. "For example, a large-scale Cochrane meta-analysis published in 2013 found that regular vitamin C supplementation seems to have a consistent effect in reducing the duration and severity of common cold symptoms. “It is also important to note that these products are not designed for curing or preventing the spread of disease. Daily vitamin supplements provide important nutritional insurance for millions of users looking to safeguard their nutritional intake alongside a healthy diet.” The study was published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal. Groups At Greatest Risk of Low Zinc
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