We have a local site for you Save 15% when you sign up for our FREE Newsletter! We’ll send you a special offer during your birthday month. Split ج.م. 140 in Store Credit when you refer friends and family to BIOVEA Invite a friend and they get a ج.م. 70 credit! After their first purchase, you get a ج.م. 70 credit! There is no limit to the number of referrals you can make and the amount of credit you can earn! To refer friends, you must have previously placed an order with BIOVEA. Forgot your passwo2012 Sep;(210):65-71.Amr N1, Hamid A, Sheta M, Elsedfy H.Author information1Paediatrics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.AbstractOver the last decade there had been growing evidence of high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency especially among adolescents. Inadequate sun exposure is considered a precipitating factor. Females who remain fully covered seem to be at greatest risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the vitamin D status in adolescent females in Egypt.
Seventy five healthy adolescent girls aged 14-17 years were recruited during the summer months. Anthropometric measures, calcium and vitamin D intake, sun exposure index, use of topical sun screen, and socioeconomic standard were all determined. Serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and 25 hydroxycholecalceferol (25-OHD) were measured. Sixteen girls (21.3 %) had vitamin D deficiency, 18 were vitamin D insufficient (24 %), and 41 had adequate vitamin D levels (54.7 %). Both sun exposure index and daily sun exposure time were significantly higher in girls with adequate vitamin D levels compared to those with insufficient and deficient vitamin D. Exposure of at least 18% of BSA for at least 37 minutes/day is enough to achieve adequate vitamin D levels in a sunny climate as Egypt. Calcium intake was highest in girls with adequate 25-OHD, while there was no difference in vitamin D intake. Serum 25-OHD correlated positively with BMI, BMI standard deviation score (SDS), sun exposure index, sun exposure time, and daily calcium intake, and negatively with PTH level.
Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem among Egyptian adolescent girls. Inadequate sun exposure, possibly related to cultural/social factors influence vitamin D levels. Insufficient dietary calcium is another contributing factor.PMID: 23045423 [Indexed for MEDLINE] MeSH termsAdolescentCalcium, Dietary/administration & dosageEgypt/epidemiologyEnvironmental ExposureFemaleHumansUltraviolet RaysVitamin D/blood*Vitamin D Deficiency/blood*Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology*SubstancesCalcium, DietaryVitamin DMedicalVitamin D - MedlinePlus Health InformationHamza RT1, Awwad KS, Ali MK, Hamed AI.Author information1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. AbstractBACKGROUND: Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been implicated as a potential environmental factor triggering some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)). In addition, patients with SLE, especially those with increased disease activity, were suggested to have decreased vitamin D level, suggesting that vitamin D might play a role in regulating autoantibody production.
MATERIAL/METHODS: To assess 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] status in Egyptian patients with SLE and its relation to disease activity. Clinical evaluation and assay of serum 25(OH)D, total calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were done on 60 SLE patients in comparison to 60 matched-healthy subjects. Serum 25(OH)D levels <30 and 10 ng/ml were defined as vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, respectively.RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D was significantly lower in patients than in controls (26.33 ± 12.05 vs. 42.66 ± 9.20 respectively, p < 0.0001), with 13.30% and 60% being deficient and insufficient, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D levels were lower with increased disease activity (p = 0.03) and frequency of photosensitivity(p = 0.02) and photoprotection (p = 0.002). Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score (OR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.42-5.18, P = 0.002), photosensitivity (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.9-6.8, P < 0.01) and photoprotection (OR: 6.7, 95% CI: 2.9-8.8, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of 25(OH)D level among SLE cases.
CONCLUSIONS: Low vitamin D status is prevalent in Egyptian SLE patients despite plentiful exposure to sunlight throughout the year, and its level is negatively correlated to disease activity. Future studies looking at a potential role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology and treatment of SLE are warranted.PMID: 22129903 PMCID: PMC3628141 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC ArticleMeSH termsAdolescentBone and Bones/pathologyCase-Control StudiesChildEgyptFemaleHumansLupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood*Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complicationsLupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology*Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/therapyMalePhotosensitivity Disorders/bloodPhotosensitivity Disorders/complicationsSunlightVitamin D/analogs & derivatives*Vitamin D/bloodYoung AdultSubstancesVitamin D25-hydroxyvitamin DFull Text SourcesInternational Scientific Literature, Ltd. - PDFEurope PubMed CentralPubMed CentralPubMed Central CanadaMedicalLupus - Genetic AllianceSystemic lupus erythematosus - Genetic AllianceLupus - MedlinePlus Health InformationVitamin D - MedlinePlus Health Information
Volume 38, Issue 3, July 2016, Pages 133–139As vitamin D deficiency is considered to be directly involved in inducing immune-mediated β-cell destruction as well as calcium mediated dysfunction leading to onset of clinical Diabetes, the levels of vitamin D must be low at the time of diagnosis. Some previous studies did show that vitamin D levels are low at the time of diagnosis[16, 17].The nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) found that the 25 OHD levels in the new onset T1D (n = 459) were low compared to controls (P < 0. 001). The vitamin D levels were also low after 8 yr of follow up in T1D[16].In the present study, we found that serum vitamin D levels were not significantly lower in diabetic subjects compared to the control group (24.7 ± 5.6 vs 26.5 ± 4.8 ng/ml; These results are different from those of Pozzili et al. who found that the 25(OH) D levels in new onset T1D (n = 88) were low compared to healthy controls (P < 0.01). They also studied the correlation between vitamin D and time when diagnosis was made and concluded that vitamin D levels were similarly low during summer and winter months, excluding the possibility of a significant seasonal variation[17].
There are two main biochemical parameters regarding the negative effects of vitamin D deficiency on the skeleton namely ALP and iPTH. The cut-off point of serum 25-OHD in which the mean serum PTH concentration begins to increase is defined as 20 or 30 ng/ml[18].In our study, we found that serum calcium was significantly lower and both serum phosphorus and serum parathyroid hormone were significantly higher in diabetic subjects compared to control children (all P < 0.01).This agreed with a study performed by Hamed et al who revealed that serum PTH levels were significantly higher in T1DM patients than controls. The explanation of this apparently increased PTH levels might be because of the functioning feedback mechanisms to the decrease in serum levels of calcium and 25(OH) D[19].By contrast, Kemink et al demonstrated normal or even low PTH concentrations in diabetic patients[20].Our results showed a significant negative correlation between serum vitamin D and BMI (r = -0. 643, p < 0.01).
This was concordant with the results of the 2001–2004 National Nutrition and Health Survey in the United States indicate that metabolic syndrome prevalence was 3.8 fold higher among obese adolescents whose 25(OH) D levels were lower than 15 ng/mL as compared to those with levels higher than 26 ng/mL[21].On the other hand, Çizmecioglu et al found that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common in obese and overweight schoolchildren, especially in girls. Obesity could be a risk factor in terms of hypovitaminosis D in adolescents. Vitamin D supplementation should be administered particularly to adolescent girls[22].Previous cohort studies explained that lower serum 25(OH) D in obese children was most likely the cause of higher iPTH concentrations; and serum iPTH levels were positively correlated with the degree of adiposity and were higher only in the hypovitaminosis D and vitamin D–deficient groups compared with the vitamin D–sufficient subjects[23, 24].In the present study, we found a significant difference between vitamin D deficient cases and those with normal vitamin D level regarding HOMA-IR (4.7 ± 0.3 Vs 2.8 ± 0.6;
P < 0.01) and diabetes duration (6.7 ± 2.3 Vs 43 ± 9 months; P < 0.01), meanwhile no significant difference was observed as regards HbA1c (P > 0.05).This was concordant with Chiu et al who observed a positive relationship between vitamin D status and insulin sensitivity index in adults. In addition, they showed that vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with both first- and second phase insulin responses during a hyperglycemic clamp and glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test. Thus, they suggested that subjects with hypovitaminosis D not only displayed impaired β-cell function causing impaired glucose homeostasis, but also were at increased risk of developing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome compared with vitamin D–sufficient subjects[25].On the other hand, previous studies showed that serum 25(OH) D levels were inversely correlated with HbA1c independent of body fat, implying higher ambient glucose concentrations in children with lower vitamin D concentrations[26, 27].
In our study, no significant difference was observed between vitamin D deficient cases and those with normal vitamin D level regarding fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels (P > 0.05).These results are concordant with those of a recent report by Erdonmez et al who found that no correlations were found between insulin measurements during oral glucose tolerance test and vitamin D deficiency. They added that mean vitamin D levels were similar in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (P > 0.05)[28].On the other hand, another study conducted among adolescents of French origin in Canada failed to reveal an association between 25(OH) D level and existence of at least two components of metabolic syndrome. In the same study, it was shown that every 10 ng/mL increment in 25 (OH) D levels causes a mild decrease in the fasting blood glucose levels and HOMA- IR[29].Our data showed a significant difference between vitamin D deficient cases and those with normal vitamin D level regarding serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, serum parathyroid hormone levels (all P < 0.01); which confirm the results of previous studies[30, 31].Although our data revealed that vitamin D deficiency were more common among diabetic children compared to the control group (P < 0.01),our study failed to find a significant difference between diabetic children and healthy controls as regards serum vitamin D levels (P > 0.05).