Silicon Valley

Thousands of companies are headquartered in Silicon Valley. Among those, the following are in the :

Additional notable companies headquartered (or with a significant presence) in Silicon Valley include (some defunct or subsumed):

• (acquired by )












• (headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts)




• 's


• Amazon.com's .com




• (headquartered in , )






• (headquartered in )


• (acquired by and its subsidiary )


• (acquired by )


• (headquartered in Round Rock, Texas)


• (headquartered in Hopkinton, Massachusetts)




• (headquartered in New York, NY)




• (formally Flextronics)




• (headquartered in Tokyo, Japan)


• ()




• (headquartered in Chicago, IL)




• (headquartered in , )






• (headquartered in Armonk, New York)




• (headquartered in , )




• (acquired by )




• (acquired by )




• (headquartered in Hamilton, Bermuda)


• (acquired by )


• (acquired by )


• (acquired by and moved to )


• (headquartered in )


• (headquartered in )






• (acquired by )


• (headquartered in , )


• (headquartered in , )




• (subsidiary of )


• (headquartered in , )


• (headquartered in , )


• (acquired by )


• (headquartered in , )








• (headquartered in , )










• (acquired by )


• (headquartered in , )


• (headquartered in , )


• (acquired by )


• (headquartered in , Germany)


• (headquartered in and , Germany)




• (headquartered in , )








• (acquired by )






• (now NortonLifeLock and headquartered in )


• (headquartered in , India)














• (split off from )


• (acquired by )




• (acquired by )


• (acquired by )

U.S. Federal Government facilities

Depending on what geographic regions are included in the meaning of the term, the population of Silicon Valley is between 3.5 and 4 million. A 1999 study by for the reported that a third of Silicon Valley scientists and engineers were immigrants and that nearly a quarter of Silicon Valley's high-technology firms since 1980 were run by (17 percent) or CEOs (7 percent).

Diversity

In November 2006, the released a report analyzing business leadership by women within the state.:4,7 This was the lowest percentage in the state.

Silicon Valley tech leadership positions are occupied almost exclusively by men. He also cited a lack of women role models and noted that most famous tech leaders—like , , and —are men. said 17% of its tech employees worldwide were women, and, in the U.S., 1% of its tech workers were and 2% were . said that 15% of its tech jobs were held by women, 2% of its tech employees were black and 4% Hispanic. reported that 15% of its tech workforce was female, and 3% was Hispanic and 1% was black. reported that 80% of its global tech staff was male and that, in the U.S., 54% of its tech jobs were staffed by Caucasians and 23% by Asians. published an article about Silicon Valley's lack of tech-industry diversity, pointing out that it is largely white or Asian, and male. "Blacks and Hispanics are largely absent," it reported, "and women are underrepresented in Silicon Valley—from giant companies to start-ups to venture capital firms." said of improving diversity in the tech industry, "This is the next step in the civil rights movement" has argued against Jackson's assertions.

As of October 2014, some high-profile Silicon Valley firms were working actively to prepare and recruit women. reported that Apple, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft attended the 20th annual conference to actively recruit and potentially hire female engineers and technology experts. As of April 2015 experienced women were engaged in creation of venture capital firms which leveraged women's perspectives in funding of startups. some readers dismissed the possibility that sexism contributed in making Silicon Valley's leadership gender gap the highest in the state. A January 2015 issue of magazine featured an article detailing reports of sexism and misogyny in Silicon Valley., asked, "Where were all these offended people when women like published accounts of having a venture capitalist stick her hand in his pants under a table while a deal was being discussed?"

The 2012 lawsuit was filed in by executive for against her employer, . Nevertheless, the case, which had wide press coverage, resulted in major advances in consciousness of gender discrimination on the part of venture capital and technology firms and their women employees. Two other cases have been filed against Facebook and Twitter.[118]

Schools

Funding for public schools in upscale Silicon Valley communities such as is often supplemented by grants from private foundations set up for that purpose and funded by local residents. Schools in less affluent areas such as must depend on state funding.[119]

The following cities are traditionally considered to be in Silicon Valley (in alphabetical order):[]

The geographical boundaries of Silicon Valley have changed over the years, traditionally Silicon Valley is known as Santa Clara County, southern San Mateo County and southern Alameda county.'s program defined Silicon Valley as the counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz.[124]

• ,


• ,


• ,


• at Santa Clara University,


• Estate,


• ,


• ,


• the ,[126]


• the ,[126]


• at Stanford University,[126]


• ,


• ,


• Historical Society Museum,


• ,


• ,


• ,


• ,


• ,


• ,


• ,




• ,


• ,


• ,


• ,

• , Santa Clara


• , downtown San Jose


• , multiple venues


• , downtown San Jose


• bike race, San Jose


• Los Altos Art and Wine Festival, Los Altos[130]


• Mountain View Art and Wine Festival, Mountain View[131]


• Palo Alto Festival of the Arts, Palo Alto[132]


• , downtown San Jose


• , downtown San Jose


• , downtown San Jose


• , Stanford University

In 1980, Intelligent Machines Journal changed its name to , and, with offices in , began covering the emergence of the microcomputer industry in the valley., and Bloomberg News operate Silicon Valley bureaus out of . Public broadcaster and , as well as the Bay Area's local station , operate bureaus in San Jose. , daily and the weekly.

Specialty media include and the San Jose / Silicon Valley Business Journal. Most of the Bay Area's other major TV stations, newspapers, and media operate in or . operates various web portals, providing local news, discussion and events for residents of Silicon Valley. Mountain View has a public nonprofit station, KMVT-15. KMVT-15's shows include Silicon Valley Education News (EdNews)-Edward Tico Producer.

Some appearances in media, in order by release date:

1. . from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
   


2. . Silicon Valley Index. from the original on September 24, 2013. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
   


3. . Business Insider. from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
   


4. . TripSavvy. from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
   


5. . CNBC. from the original on July 26, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
   


6. ^ Laws, David (January 7, 2015). . Computer History Museum. from the original on October 16, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
   


7. (2011). . . p. 52.   from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
   


8. . Voyageur Press.  9781610604383.
   


9. . National Press Books. p. 18.
   


10. ^ Arbuckle, Clyde (1986). Clyde Arbuckle's History of San Jose. San Jose, CA: Memorabilia of San Jose. p. 380.
    


11. . In Kenney, Martin (ed.). . Stanford University.   from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
    


12. . moffettfieldmuseum.org. from the original on April 6, 2005. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
    


13. . The Atlantic. from the original on January 15, 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
    


14.  978-0-262-62211-0.
    


15.  978-0-262-62211-0.
    


16. . dbacon.igc.org. from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
    


17. . www.truth-out.org. Truth-Out. from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2015. We're not looking for someone to represent employees
    


18. . American Experience. from the original on April 17, 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
    


19. . . from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved April 17, 2009.
    


20. ^ Stephen B. Adams, "Regionalism in Stanford's Contribution to the Rise of Silicon Valley", Enterprise & Society 2003 4(3): 521–543
    


21. 2007-06-09 at the
    


22. . . from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2014. In 1955, the physicist William Shockley set up a semiconductor laboratory in Mountain View, partly to be near his mother in Palo Alto. …
    


23. . The New York Times. from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2014. The co-inventor of the transistor and the founder of the valley's first chip company, William Shockley, moved to Palo Alto, Calif., because his mother lived there. ...
    


24. . Stanford Computer Forum. Carolyn Terman. from the original on December 11, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
    


25. . Wired.   from the original on September 1, 2019. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
    


26. ^ Christophe Lécuyer, "What Do Universities Really Owe Industry? The Case of Solid State Electronics at Stanford," Minerva: a Review of Science, Learning & Policy 2005 43(1): 51–71
    


27. . thocp.net. from the original on April 28, 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
    


28. . PaloAltoHistory.com. Archived from on March 29, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
    


29. . . . pp.  9789810232863.
    


30. ^ Heywang, W.; Zaininger, K.H. (2013). . Silicon: Evolution and Future of a Technology. . pp. 26–28.  9783662098974.
    


31. ^ (2001). . Fundamental Aspects of Silicon Oxidation. . pp. 1–11.  9783540416821.
    


32. . . 2009. from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
    


33. . . from the original on October 27, 2019. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
    


34. . The New York Times. from the original on September 2, 2017.
    


35. . .   from the original on April 2, 2015.
    


36. . High Dielectric Constant Materials: VLSI MOSFET Applications. . pp. 33–44.  9783540210818.
    


37. ^ Black, Lachlan E. (2016). . . p. 17.   from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
    


38. . . p. 111.   from the original on February 17, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
    


39. (October 1988). (PDF). . 76 (10): 1280–1326 (1290). :. :.   (PDF) from the original on October 27, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019. Those of us active in silicon material and device research during 1956–1960 considered this successful effort by the Bell Labs group led by Atalla to stabilize the silicon surface the most important and significant technology advance, which blazed the trail that led to silicon integrated circuit technology developments in the second phase and volume production in the third phase.
    


40. ^ . The Silicon Engine. . from the original on February 20, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
    


41. ^ Moskowitz, Sanford L. (2016). . . pp. 165–167.   from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
    


42. . pp. 120 & 321–323.  9783540342588.
    


43. . pp. 253–6 & 273.  9780262122818.
    


44. . Washington, D.C.: Advanced Research Projects Agency, via KurzweilAI.net. from the original on January 23, 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
    


45. . The Internet Society. from the original on June 4, 2007. Retrieved November 3, 2007.
    


46. ^ Garreau, Joel (2006). . Broadway. p. 22.   from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
    


47. ^ . Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
    


48. . (1 ed.). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp.   from the original on October 27, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
    


49. (1 ed.). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp.   from the original on October 27, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
    


50. (1 ed.). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp.   from the original on October 27, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
    


51. . . from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
    


52. ^ . . from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
    


53. . Volume 1: Basic Concepts (2nd ed.). Berkeley, California: Osborne-McGraw Hill.   from the original on October 27, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
    


54. , Intel Corp., November 1971, archived from on May 13, 2008, retrieved May 17, 2008
    


55. , October 27, 2019, at the , IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine, Winter 2009,
    


56. .
    


57. . atariarchives.org. from the original on April 7, 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
    


58. . .   from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
    


59. . W.W. Norton & Company. p.  978-0-393-33043-4. After my first meeting, I started designing the computer that would later be known as the Apple I. It was that inspiring.
    


60. ; (2000) [1984]. . .  978-0-07-135895-8.
    


61. ^ Scott, W. Richard; Lara, Bernardo; Biag, Manuelito; Ris, Ethan; Liang, Judy (2017). . In Scott, W. Richard; Kirst, Michael W. (eds.). Higher Education and Silicon Valley: Connected But Conflicted. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 65.  9781421423081. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
    


62. June 1, 2013, at the by Gregory Gromov
    


63. . . from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
    


64. ^
    


65. October 1, 2002, at the from apple-history.com
    


66.  9780471273554.
    


67.  978-0-520-27399-3.
    


68. , December 3, 2017, at the Wall Street Journal, July 22–23, 2006, P1.
    


69. ^ Ibid.
    


70. . Fortune. January 22, 2015. from the original on April 11, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
    


71. . Forbes. from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved August 18, 2019. Tech companies are already seeking out places with better business environments for expansion.
    


72. . aeanet.org. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
    


73. . Forbes. December 3, 2007. from the original on July 29, 2017.
    


74. . PC Magazine. from the original on January 12, 2018.
    


75. . MarketWatch. from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
    


76. (PDF). (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2019.
    


77. . Fenwick.com. from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
    


78. . IBI. May 8, 2017. from the original on May 13, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2017. Carmakers who have recently expanded to Silicon Valley include Volkswagen, Hyundai, General Motors, Ford, Honda, Toyota, BMW, Nissan and Mercedes-Benz.
    


79. . bls.gov. Bureau of Labor Statistics. May 2014. from the original on March 20, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
    


80. (1 ed.). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp.   from the original on October 27, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
    


81. . bls.gov. Bureau of Labor Statistics. May 2014. from the original on May 5, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
    


82. ^ Brown, Eliot (June 7, 2016). . The Wall Street Journal. from the original on June 7, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
    


83. (1 ed.). Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp.   from the original on October 27, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
    


84. . July 29, 2016. from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
    


85. . The New Republic. from the original on December 14, 2015. Retrieved December 14, 2015. A 2013 census showed Santa Clara County having more than 7,000 homeless people, the fifth-highest homeless population per capita in the country and among the highest populations sleeping outside or in unsuitable shelters like vehicles.
    


86. . The Economist. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
    


87. . The Economist. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
    


88. . Forbes. from the original on December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
    


89. from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
    


90. March 29, 2016. from the original on April 9, 2018. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
    


91. . January 15, 2009. from the original on April 9, 2018. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
    


92. . madison.com. from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
    


93. . Bloomberg.com. December 7, 2011. from the original on February 12, 2015. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
    


94. . Business Insider. from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
    


95. (PDF). Public Policy Institute of California. (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2016.
    


96. . The New York Times. from the original on June 5, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Silicon Valley is thick with those who might be called working-class millionaires
    


97. (Press release). . November 16, 2006. from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
    


98. ^ Ellis, Katrina (2006). (PDF). UC Regents. (PDF) from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
    


99. . Bloomberg L.P. from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
    


100. ^ Wadhwa, Vivek (November 9, 2011). . Washington Post. from the original on October 25, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2014. This is one of Silicon Valley's most glaring faults: It is male-dominated.
     


101. . TechCrunch. AOL. from the original on December 27, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
     


102. . CNET. CBS Interactive. from the original on March 4, 2016.
     


103. . Business Insider. from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
     


104. . Facebook. from the original on March 23, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
     


105. . CBS Interactive. Associated Press. August 13, 2014. from the original on January 26, 2016.
     


106. . USA Today. from the original on April 17, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
     


107. . USA Today. from the original on March 3, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
     


108. . Bloomberg Business. Bloomberg. from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
     


109. . Fast Company. Mansueto Ventures. from the original on March 19, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
     


110. (Dealbook blog). The New York Times. from the original on April 1, 2015. Retrieved April 2, 2015. We’re in the middle of a shifting trend where there are newly wealthy women putting their money to work, and similarly we’re starting to have a larger number of experienced investors,
     


111. . Newsweek. from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
     


112. . PBS NewsHour. from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
     


113. . TheGuardian.com. March 13, 2015. from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
     


114. (PDF). Archived from (PDF) on March 3, 2016.
     


115. . Re/code. Archived from on March 27, 2015. Retrieved March 27, 2015. That's the full verdict. No on all claims.
     


116. (March 26, 2015). . Re/code. from the original on March 27, 2015. Retrieved March 28, 2015. We may look back at this as a watershed moment—regardless of how the very attentive jury comes out on their verdict.
     


117. . The New York Times. from the original on March 28, 2015. Retrieved March 28, 2015. Ms. Klein argued that the Kleiner trial would become a landmark case for women in the workplace, as consequential for corporate gender relations as Anita Hill's accusations in 1991 of sexual harassment during the confirmation hearings of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas
     


118. . The New York Times. from the original on March 31, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2015. In a sign that the struggle over the place of women in Silicon Valley is only beginning, gender discrimination suits have recently been filed against two prominent companies, Facebook and Twitter.
     


119. . The New Yorker. from the original on July 29, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2015. In wealthy districts, the public schools have essentially been privatized; they insulate themselves from shortfalls in state funding with money raised by foundations they have set up for themselves.
     


120. ^ O'Brien, Chris (April 19, 2012). . The Mercury News. from the original on April 10, 2018. Retrieved April 10, 2018. After years of drawing a sharp circle that included Santa Clara County as well as southern San Mateo and Alameda counties, this newspaper is expanding the geographic boundaries that it considers to be part of Silicon Valley to include the five core Bay Area counties: Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco, Alameda and Contra Costa.
     


121. . Forbes. from the original on April 10, 2018. Retrieved April 10, 2018. which contains Contra Costa County, has already had its Silicon Valley growth boom, fueled in large part by the dot.com bubble of the Nineties.
     


122. . U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. September 8, 2009. from the original on April 10, 2018. Retrieved April 10, 2018. In this analysis, Silicon Valley is defined as Alameda, Contra Costa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz counties, in California.
     


123. March 4, 2016, at the .
     


124. . Science. 347 (6222): 606–609. :.   from the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
     


125. . August 25, 2015. from the original on August 10, 2019. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
     


126. ^ . Business Insider. from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
     


127. . The Guardian.   from the original on February 21, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
     


128. . San Jose Mercury News. June 3, 2015. from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
     


129. . Almanac News. from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
     


130. . Downtown Los Altos. from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
     


131. . Mountain View Downtown Guide. from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
     


132. . Palo Alto Chamber of Commerce. from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
     


133. (Updated ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. xi–xiii.  978-0-07-135892-7.
     


134. . IMDB. from the original on October 27, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
     


135. . IMDB. from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
     


136. . IMDB. from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved March 30, 2016.