Present perfect

Present perfect Hozirgi tugallangan zamon

Present perfect 

(Hozirgi tugallangan zamon)

Formulasi:

A) darak gaplar uchun 

S +have/has+V3. 

I have worked. 

She has worked. 

B) inkor gaplar uchun 

S+have/has+not+V3. 

have/has yordamchi fe'llaridan keyin not so'zi qo'shiladi. 

C) so'roq gaplar uchun 

have/has+S+V3?

have/has yordamchi fe'llari egadan oldinga chiqadi.

Misol uchun: 

Darak gaplarda:

I have worked.

You have worked.

He has worked.

She has worked.

It has worked.

We have worked.

You have worked. 

They have worked.

Inkor gaplarda:

I have not worked.

You have not worked. 

He has not worked. 

She has not worked. 

Is has not worked. 

We have not worked. 

You have not worked. 

They have not worked.

So'roq gaplarda:

Have I worked? 

Have you worked? 

Has he worked?

Has she worked? 

Has it worked? 

Have we worked? 

Have you worked? 

Have they worked?

Ishlatish qoidalari: 

To'rtta o'rinda ishlatiladi. 

1. Ish harakat tugab bo'lgan natija ko'z oldimizda.

2. For/since bilan (ya'ni ish harakat o'tgan zamonda boshlangan hali ham davom etayotgan) 

3. Kasalliklar bilan. 

4. Tugallanmagan vaqt ko'rsatkichlari bilan

Misollar

1-qoida uchun

1. Men uy ishimni qilib bo'ldim. 

2. Anvar ovqatni yeb bo'ldi. 

3. Biz ishlab bo'ldik. 

4. Oyim non yopib bo'ldi. 

5. Men derazani sindirib qo'ydim. 

2-qoida uchun 

1. Men uni 4 yildan beri bilaman. 

(4 yil oldin tanishgan. Bu o'tgan zamonda boshlangan ish-harakat hali ham davom etmoqda)

2. Dushanbadan buyon ingliz tilini o'rganmoqdaman.

3. O'tgan yildan buyon yaxshi baholar olib kelmoqdaman.

4. Yangi yildan buyon seni taniyman. 

5. Ikki yildan beri ingliz tilini o'rgataman. 

3-qoida uchun. 

1. Men qo'limni sindirib oldim. 

2. Oyog'im lat yedi. 

3. Boshimni devorga bilmasdan urib oldim. 

4. Sobirning oyog'i chiqib ketdi. 

5. Sanjarning boshi yorilgan. 

4-qoida uchun 

Tugallanmagan vaqt ko'rsatkichlari this+vaqt so'zi bilan yasaladi. 

Masalan, morning tong. This morning-shu tong degani. Buni yaxshi tushunish uchun. Tong deganda aytaylik soat 4 dan 8 gacha bo'lgan vaqt tushuniladi. Endi siz g'isht quymoqdasiz yoki pishiriq pishirmoqdasiz. Men sizdan so'radim bugun tongda nechta g'isht quydingiz yoki nechta pishiriq pishirdingiz desam siz deylik, 10ta deysiz. 

 Siz 4 bilan 8 ni orasida 10ta g'isht quydingiz bu degani yana quyishingiz mumkin. 

1. Men bu tong 20 ta misol yechib bo'ldim.

2. Shoir bu kecha ikkita she'r yozib bo'ldi. 

3. Rahim bu yil 50 million topib bo'ldi. 

4. Ular bu yil 3 milliard daromad qilib ulgurdi. 

5. Biz bu hafta 30 ta lug’at yodlab bo'ldik.

Kalit so’zlar 

Present perfect (Hozirgi tugallangan davomiy zamon uchun)

Just (hozirgina)

I have just opened the door (men hozirgina eshikni ochdim. Natijasi eshik ochiq turibdi)

Already (allaqachon)

She has already come (u allaqachon kelib bo’lgan. Come noto’g’ri fe’l bo’lgani uchun –ed qo’shmadik)

Yet (hali ham. Inkor yoki so’roq gaplarda ishlating)

I have not finished my homework yet (men hali ham uy ishimni tugatmadim)

Haven’t you finished your homework yet? (haliyam uy ishingni tugatmadingmi?)

Ever (biror marta) 

Have you ever been to Paris? (biror marta Parij shahrida bo’lganmisiz?)

Never (hech qachon)

I have never been to Paris (men hech qachon Parijda bo’lmaganman)

For (dan beri). Masalan quyidagi so’zlardan oldin for so’zini qo’yib ko’ring.

for 2 minutes

2 minutdan beri

for 3 hours

3 soatdan beri

for 5 weeks

5 haftadan beri

for 6 moths

6 oydan beri

for 5 years

5 yildan beri

for 5 centuries

5 asrdan beri

for ages

Ko’p yillardan beri

for a long time

Uzoq vaqtdan beri

Since (dan buyon) quyidagi pastdagi so’zlar oldidan since so’zini qo’yib ko’ring yaxshi tushunish uchun

since 2 o’clock

Soat 2 dan buyon

since Morning

Tongdan buyon

since Monday

Dushanbadan buyon

since last week/year...

O’tgan hafta/yil...dan buyon

since April

Aprel oyidan buyon

since Spring

Bahordan buyon

since 2015

2015-yildan buyon

since 19th century

19-asrdan buyon

since Navruz/Eid/New Year...

Navro’z/Hayit/Yangi yil... dan buyon

since my childhood

Bolaligimdan buyon

since then

O’shandan buyon (masalan bundan oldin men o’qishga kirdim degan gap berasiz. Keyin o’shandan buyon yaxshi o’qimoqdaman desangiz since then bo'ladi)

since that time

O’sha vaqtdan buyon

since S+V2

Bu o’tgan zamonda(past simple zamonda bir gap aytasiz. Deylik men o’sha qizni ko’rib qolganimdan buyon uni unuta olmayapman)

recently (yaqinda)

I have recently deleted my telegramm (men yaqinda telegramimni o’chirib tashladim)

lately (ohirgi paytlarda)

He has smoked much lately (u ohirgi paytlarda ko’p chekmoqda)

so far (hozirgi paytgacha)

How many bricks have you made so far?

Hozirgi paytgacha nechta g’isht quydingiz?

how long 

qachondan buyon

How long have you lived in Bekobod? (Qachondan buyon Bekobodda yashaymiz? )

Eslatma:

Been to/gone to/been in birliklari (to be/to go fe’llarining 3 shakli. Noto’g’ri fe’l bo’lgani uchun ularga –ed qo’shilmagan. Ular ma’no jihatdan biroz farq qiladi)

Been to (bo’lgan degani). 

I have been to Italy (men Italiyada bo’lganman. Bu degani men hozir u yerda emasman degani)

Gone to (ketganman degani)

She has gone to Italy (u Italiyaga ketgan. Bu degani u hozir ham Italiyada)

Been in (ma’lum vaqtdan beri biror yerda)

He has been in Italy for 2 days (u ikki kundan beri Italiyada. Bu degani hozir ham o’sha yerda)