iPhone

iPhone

From

Included items


The contents of the box of an iPhone 4. From left to right: iPhone 4 in plastic holder, written documentation, and (top to bottom) headset, USB cable, wall charger.

All include written documentation, and a to cable. The first generation and 3G iPhones also came with a cleaning cloth. The first generation iPhone includes a stereo ( and a microphone) and a plastic dock to hold the unit upright while charging and syncing. The iPhone ). The iPhone includes the eject tool and a revised headset, which adds volume buttons (not functional with previous iPhone versions).

The iPhone 3G and 3GS are compatible with the same dock, sold separately, but not the first generation model's dock.. The iPhone 3G and iPhone 3GS sold in North America, Japan, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru include an ultracompact USB power adapter.


Payments

In September 2014, with the launch of the , Apple announced , a mobile payment system. The feature, aimed to "revolutionize" the way users pay, uses an fingerprint scanner ( on iPhone X and later), Apple's app, and a dedicated "Secure Element" chip for encrypted payment information to make purchases at participating stores, both physical and online.[199]


Taptic Engine


All iPhone models have a haptic engine to vibrate when a notification or alert, incoming call, etc. iPhone models before iPhone 4S use eccentric rotating mass motor. The iPhone 4S uses a linear resonant actuator vibrator, which usually uses less power and creates a quieter vibration.[200] However, the iPhone 5, 5C, and 5S uses an eccentric rotating mass motor. It is unsure as to why Apple decided to switch back. However, the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus uses a linear resonant actuator vibrator.

iPhone 6S and after uses taptic engine for vibration and haptic feedback, which works similar to the eccentric rotating mass motor.[201]


Software

The iPhone runs an known as (formerly iPhone OS). operating system core found in . Also included is the "" software component from Leopard. Together with the graphics hardware (and on the iPhone 3GS, 2.0), it is responsible for the interface's . The iPhone comes with a set of bundled applications developed by Apple,.[204]

Apple provides free Major new updates have historically accompanied new models.

The size of the operating system depends on version. While required over 4.5 GB, required only 1.3 GB.[209]


Interface


The is based around the home screen, a graphical list of available applications. iPhone applications normally run one at a time. Starting with the iPhone 4, a primitive version of multitasking came into play. Users could double click the home button to select recently opened applications.[210] However, the apps never ran in the background. Starting with iOS 7, though, apps can truly multitask, and each open application runs in the background when not in use, although most functionality is still available when making a call or listening to music. The home screen can be accessed by a hardware button below the screen on the iPhone 8 and earlier. iPhone X and later models require that you swipe up.

The original iPhone contained the following apps: Messages ( and messaging), Calendar, Photos, Camera, YouTube, Stocks, Maps (), Weather, Voice Memos, Notes, Clock, Calculator, Settings and . The was introduced in iOS 2 for the original iPhone and iPhone 3G. was added in iOS 3 for the iPhone 3GS. FaceTime and Game Center were added in iOS 4 and 4.1 respectively. In iOS 5, Reminders and Newsstand were added, and the iPod application was split into separate Music and Videos applications. iOS 6 added Passbook as well as a new version of Maps called Apple Maps that relies on data provided by TomTom as well as other sources, and YouTube no longer came as a pre-installed application starting from that version. iOS 7 introduced a modern flat design for the interface and added a motion-based parallax feature to give the device a quasi-3D effect. iOS 8 added Health app. iOS 9 replaced Newsstand and Passbook with and . iOS 10 introduces Home and dedicated a page on the home screen for the widgets. iOS 11 added Files. iOS 12 introduces Measure, an app that uses technology to measure objects and things. It is available on devices with an chip or newer.

Docked at the base of the screen, four icons for , , (Internet), and Music delineate the iPhone's main purposes.

Users can also add and delete icons from the dock, which is the same on every home screen. The dock holds up to four icons and is located at the bottom section of the screen. Each home screen holds up to twenty icons for the , and ; The , , and hold up to twenty-four icons; while the and later iPhone models support up to twenty-eight icons. Users can delete Web Clips and third-party applications at any time and may select only certain applications for transfer from iTunes. Apple's default programs could only be removed since the iOS 10 update. The 3.0 update adds a system-wide search, known as , to the left of the first home screen.

Almost all input is given through the touch screen, which understands complex gestures using . The iPhone's enable the user to move the content up or down by a touch-drag motion of the finger. For example, zooming in and out of web pages and photos is done by placing two fingers on the screen and spreading them farther apart or bringing them closer together, a gesture known as "".

Scrolling through a long list or menu is achieved by sliding a finger over the display from bottom to top, or vice versa to go back. In either case, the list moves as if it is pasted on the outer surface of a wheel, slowly decelerating as if affected by friction. In this way, the interface of a real object. Unlike previous scrollable views, in which the user pressed a "down" control to move the view "downwards", on iOS the user pushes upwards, as if moving a "plank of wood floating on the water", creating the impression that the user is directly manipulating the content displayed on the screen.

Other effects include horizontally sliding sub-selection, the vertically sliding keyboard and bookmarks menu, and widgets that turn around to allow settings to be configured on the other side. Menu bars are found at the top and bottom of the screen when necessary. Their options vary by program but always follow a consistent style motif. In menu hierarchies, a "back" button in the top-left corner of the screen displays the name of the parent folder.


Phone


When making a call, the iPhone presents a number of options, including on supported models. The screen is when held close to the face.

The iPhone allows audio , call holding, call merging, , and integration with other cellular network features and iPhone functions. For example, if music is playing when a call is received, the music fades out and fades back in when the call has ended.

The shuts off the screen and touch-sensitive circuitry when the iPhone is brought close to the face, both to save battery and prevent unintentional touches. The iPhone does not support or on versions prior to the fourth generation, as there is only one camera on the opposite side of the screen.[214]

The iPhone 4 supports video calling using either the front or back camera over Wi-Fi, a feature Apple calls . The first two models only support through third-party applications.[217]

The iPhone includes a (in some countries)[218] feature allowing users to view a list of current voicemail messages on-screen without having to call into their voicemail. Unlike most other systems, messages can be listened to and deleted in a non-chronological order by choosing any message from an on-screen list.

A music feature was introduced in the United States on September 5, 2007. Users can create custom ringtones from songs purchased from the iTunes Store for a small additional fee. The ringtones can be three to 30 seconds long from any part of a song, can fade in and out, pause from half a second to five seconds when looped, or . All customizing can be done in iTunes, software 4.1.1 or later (available only on )

With the release of , which was released on September 19, 2012, Apple added features that enable the user to have options to decline a phone call when a person is calling them. The user can reply with a message, or set a reminder to call them back at a later time.[222]


Multimedia


The layout of the music library is similar to that of an . The iPhone can sort its media library by songs, artists, albums, videos, , , composers, , , and . Options are presented alphabetically, except in playlists, which retain their order from . The iPhone uses a large font that allows users plenty of room to touch their selection.

Users can rotate their device horizontally to to access . Like on iTunes, this feature shows the different album covers in a scroll-through photo library. Scrolling is achieved by swiping a finger across the screen. Alternatively, headset controls can be used to pause, play, skip, and repeat tracks. On the iPhone 3GS, the volume can be changed with the included Apple Earphones, and the Voice Control feature can be used to identify a track, play songs in a playlist or by a specific artist, or create a .[216]

The iPhone supports . introduced in 2005, the iPhone can play , allowing users to watch TV shows and movies in . Double-tapping switches between widescreen and video playback.

The iPhone allows users to purchase and download songs from the iTunes Store directly to their iPhone. The feature originally required a Wi-Fi network, but since 2012, it can be used on a cellular data network.[224]

The iPhone includes software that allows the user to upload, view, and email photos taken with the . The user zooms in and out of photos by sliding two fingers further apart or closer together, much like Safari. The camera application also lets users view the camera roll, the pictures that have been taken with the iPhone's camera. Those pictures are also available in the Photos application, along with any transferred from or on a Mac, or on a Windows PC.


Internet connectivity


Wikipedia on the iPhone in landscape mode

Internet access is available when the iPhone is connected to a local area or a wide area or network, both second-generation ( and 3.6, networks (14.4 Mbit/s), and support for HSDPA 7.2 was introduced in the iPhone 3GS. (represented by a 1× on the status bar) and (shown as GPRS on the status bar), (shown as a capital E on the status bar), and (shown as 3G), a faster version of UMTS and 4G (shown as a 4G symbol on the status bar), and (shown as LTE on the status bar). 5GE uses the 4x4 doubling the number of antennas, 256-QAM, and three-way . True 5G has not been implemented into the iPhone as of 2019.

AT&T introduced but as late as 2007, stated that it was still not widespread enough in the US, and the chipsets not energy efficient enough, to be included in the iPhone. Support for , an authentication system commonly used by university and corporate Wi-Fi networks, was added in the 2.0 version update.[231]

By default, the iPhone will ask to join newly discovered networks and prompt for the password when required. Alternatively, it can join closed Wi-Fi networks manually. Similarly, the iPhone 3G and onwards prefer , and Wi-Fi to either.[234]

Wi-Fi, , and 3G (on the iPhone 3G onwards) can all be deactivated individually. disables all wireless connections at once, overriding other preferences. However, once in Airplane mode, one can explicitly enable Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth modes to join and continue to operate over one or both of those networks while the cellular network transceivers remain off.

Safari is the iPhone's native , and it displays pages similar to its Mac and Windows counterparts. Web pages may be viewed in portrait or landscape mode and the device supports automatic zooming by pinching together or spreading apart fingertips on the screen, or by double-tapping text or images. Safari does not allow file downloads except for predefined extensions.

The iPhone does not support , which was still popular when the iPhone was introduced. adjudicated that an advertisement claiming the iPhone could access "all parts of the internet" should be withdrawn in its current form, on grounds of . In a in April 2010, Apple CEO outlined the reasoning behind the absence of Flash on the iPhone (and )., , , and . was introduced to the iOS on June 26, 2012, and Opera mini is also available.

The Maps application can access in map, , or hybrid form. It can also generate directions between two locations, while providing optional real-time traffic information. During the iPhone's announcement, Jobs demonstrated this feature by searching for nearby locations and then placing a to one with a single tap. Support for walking directions, public transit, and was added in the version 2.2 software update, but no voice-guided navigation.[242]

The iPhone 3GS and iPhone 4 can orient the map with its digital compass. codec. Simple weather and applications also tap into the Internet.

iPhone users can and do access the Internet frequently, and in a variety of places. According to , in 2008, the iPhone generated 50 times more search requests than any other mobile handset. CEO René Obermann, "The average for an iPhone customer is more than 100 . This is 30 times the use for our average contract-based consumer customers." found that 98% of iPhone users use data services, and 88% use the internet.

With the introduction of the Verizon iPhone in January 2011, the issue of using the internet while on the phone was brought to the public's attention. Under the two U.S. carriers, internet and phone could be used simultaneously on AT&T networks, whereas Verizon networks only support the use of each separately.[247]

However, in 2014, Verizon announced that the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus would allow simultaneous voice and data over its LTE Network.


Text input


The on the first generation iPhone

For text input, the iPhone implements a on the touchscreen. It has automatic and correction, capabilities, and a dynamic dictionary that learns new words. The keyboard can predict what word the user is typing and complete it, and correct for the accidental pressing of keys near the presumed desired key.[250]

The keys are somewhat larger and spaced farther apart when in , which is supported by only a limited number of applications. Touching a section of text for a brief time brings up a , allowing users to place the in the middle of existing text. The virtual keyboard can accommodate 21 languages, including character recognition for Chinese.[251]

Alternative characters with accents (for example, letters from the alphabets of other languages) and can be typed from the keyboard by pressing the letter for two seconds and selecting the alternative character from the popup. text, as well as landscape keyboards in more applications. On iPhone 4S and above, Siri allows dictation.

Since iOS 8, third party keyboards, distributed through the App Store, are allowed. Previously, they were only available on jailbroken iPhones.[253]


Email and text messages


The iPhone also features an email program that supports , which enables the user to embed photos in an email message. , , , and attachments to mail messages can be viewed on the phone. offers a free push-email service for the iPhone. (although not ) and mail standards are also supported, including .[256]

In the first versions of the iPhone firmware, this was accomplished by opening up IMAP on the Exchange server. Apple has also licensed and supports the platform (including push email) with the release of iPhone 2.0 firmware. The iPhone will sync email account settings over from Apple's own application, , and , or it can be manually configured on the device itself. The email program can access almost any IMAP or POP3 account.[259]

Text messages are presented chronologically in a mailbox format similar to Mail, which places all text from recipients together with replies. Text messages are displayed in speech bubbles (similar to ) under each recipient's name. The iPhone has built-in support for email message forwarding, drafts, and direct internal camera-to-email picture sending. Support for multi-recipient SMS was added in the 1.1.3 software update. was added in the 3.0 update, but not for the original first generation iPhone and not in the U.S. until September 25, 2009.


Third-party applications

At web applications using that share the look and feel of the iPhone interface., announced that a (SDK) would be made available to third-party developers in February 2008.

It is a free download, with an Apple registration, that allows developers to develop native applications for the iPhone and iPod Touch, then test them in an "iPhone simulator". However, loading an application onto a real device is only possible after paying an membership fee. Developers are free to set any price for their applications to be distributed through the , of which they will receive a 70% share.[266]

Developers can also opt to release the application for free and will not pay any costs to release or distribute the application beyond the membership fee. The App Store was launched with the release of iOS 2.0, on July 11, 2008.

Once a developer has submitted an application to the App Store, Apple holds firm control over its distribution. Apple can halt the distribution of applications it deems inappropriate, for example, , a US$1000 program that simply demonstrated the wealth of its user., which allowed iPhone users to download podcasts directly to the iPhone claiming it duplicated the functionality of iTunes.

NetShare, another rejected app, would have enabled users to their iPhone to a laptop or desktop, using its cellular network to load data for the computer. being a relative latecomer in the United States.[271] In most cases, the carrier charges extra for tethering an iPhone.

Before the SDK was released, third parties were permitted to design "Web Apps" that would run through Safari. The ability to install native applications onto the iPhone outside of the App Store is not supported by Apple, the stated reason being that such native applications could be broken by any software update, but Apple has stated it will not design software updates specifically to break native applications other than those that perform SIM unlocking.[274]

As of October 2013, Apple has passed 60 billion app downloads., there have been over 140 billion app downloads from the App Store.[276]

As of January 2017, the App Store has over 2.2 million apps for the iPhone.


Reception

The original iPhone has been described as "revolutionary", Newer iterations have also received praise, such as being called "the best phone".[285]

The iPhone attracts users of all ages,.[286]


Accessibility features

Starting with the iPhone 4S, Apple added an feature to optimize the function of the iPhone with . These hearing aids deliver a power-efficient, high-quality digital audio experience and allow the user to manage the hearing aid right from the iPhone. Made for iPhone hearing aids also feature . With Live Listen the iPhone acts as a remote that sends sound to a Made for iPhone hearing aid. Live Listen can help the user hear a conversation in a noisy room or hear someone speaking across the room.[289]

The for the iOS program was announced by Apple coinciding with the release of the iPhone 3GS, and . This program added support for more than 50 Bluetooth wireless braille displays that work with iOS out of the box. The user only needs to pair the keyboard to the device to start using it to navigate the iOS device with without any additional software. iOS supports for more than 25 languages.[290]

iPhone lets the user know when an alert is sent to it, in a variety of notice methods. It delivers both and for incoming phone and calls, new text messages, new and sent mail, and calendar events. Users can set an for incoming calls and alerts or have incoming calls display a photo of the caller. Users can choose from different vibration patterns or even create their own.[291]

The iPhone can enlarge text to make it more for vision-impaired users, and external devices. (a ), and zooming for impaired vision, and mono audio for in one ear.".[295]

With the release of iOS 9 for all iPhones, users have the ability to choose between two different screen view options. The user can choose to have a standard view or zoomed view. When the iPhone is placed in a standard view setting, the icons are normal size and the text remains the same. With a zoomed view option, the icons on the screen and the text become slightly larger. This enables the user to have a more customized appearance and it can potentially help some users read the screen easier.

AssistiveTouch helps to adapt the screen of an iOS device to a user's unique physical needs. This can be of great assistance to those who have difficulty with some gestures, like pinch, one can make them accessible with just a tap of a finger. The user can create their own gestures and customize the layout of the AssistiveTouch menu. If the user has trouble pressing the Home button, it can be set so that it can be activated with an onscreen tap. Gestures, like rotate and shake, are available even when if the iOS device is mounted on a .[291]

Guided Access helps people with or other and stay focused on the task (or app) at hand. With Guided Access, a parent, teacher, or therapist can limit an iOS device to stay on one app by disabling the Home button and limit the amount of time spent in an app. The user can restrict access to the keyboard or touch input on certain areas of the screen.



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