History

History takes begin from famous article "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" by Alan Turing in 1950. He proposed Turing test as a criterion of intelligence. This creation means ability program to impersonate a human in a real-time written conversation with a human judge.

After that Joseph Weizenbaum created program ELIZA in 1966 which seemed to be able to fool users into believing that they were conversing with a real human.

ELIZA's key method of operation was recognition of cue words or phrases in the input, and the output of corresponding pre-prepared or pre-programmed responses that can move the conversation forward in an apparently meaningful way. Therefore it was an illusion of understanding.

Interface designers have come to appreciate that humans' readiness to interpret computer output as genuinely conversational—even when it is actually based on rather simple pattern-matching—can be exploited for useful purposes.

 Most people prefer to engage with programs that are human-like, and this gives chatbot-style techniques a potentially useful role in interactive systems that need to elicit information from users, as long as that information is relatively straightforward and falls into predictable categories.

Thus, for example, online help systems can usefully employ chatbot techniques to identify the area of help that users require, potentially providing a "friendlier" interface than a more formal search or menu system.