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Experiment Number 5. Name of Experiment: Microprocessors A. Identifying CPU Characteristics B. Recognizing CPU Sockets C. Removing and Installing the CPU D. Cooling CPU E. Exploring CPU Specifications with CPU-Z A. Identifying CPU Characteristics Learning Objectives In this lab, you’ll practice identifying CPUs and CPU fan components.
At the end of this lab, you’ll be able to: Recognize the different kinds of CPUs Recognize different CPU fan attachments Identify the basic specifications of different classes of CPUs Lab Materials and Setup The materials you need for this lab are:
A notepad and pencil to document the specifications Optional: Access to a working computer with a word processing or spreadsheet application installed and access to the Internet, to facilitate research and documentation of the CPU specifications The disassembled, non-production PC computer system Staying on top of the many developments in CPU technology can be challenging. However, it is not just plug any CPU into any motherboard and expect it to work – necessary to match the right CPU to the right motherboard. To accomplish this, it needs to identify important CPU characteristics such as form factor, clock speed, and bus speed, as well as things like voltage settings, clock multiplier configurations, and cooling requirements. Recognize the different kinds of CPUs, recognize different CPU fan attachments, and identify the basic specifications of different classes of CPUs are the learning objectives here. In the following steps, review the knowledge of CPU specifications, and then examine the CPU and fan attachment on a PC. Step 1 A good tech will not only learn the specifications of different CPU chips but will also master the use of reference tools such as the Internet, manufacturers’ Web sites, product documentation, and reference books. A quick search of the Web or motherboard manual will generally yield a full list of specifications for a given CPU. Step 2 Look at the CPUs pictured in Figure 5.1, make the note of the differences. In particular, look for the following:
Differing pin grid array (PGA) or land grid array (LGA) packages Orientation guide notches Figure 5.1. Different CPUs Exploring Step 3 Many different types of fans can be attached to CPUs in many different ways. Describe the characteristics of the types of fans shown in Figure 5.2.
A. ____________________________________________________________________________ B. ____________________________________________________________________________ C. ____________________________________________________________________________ A. B.
C.
Figure 5.2. Comparing different CPUs Fan Step 4 On the disassembled PC, locate the CPU and fan assembly. Make note of the type of CPU package and fan assembly. Also note the type of power connector used for the fan: Molex, three-prong motherboard plug, or none. Then replace the CPU into the anti-static bag and return the fan assembly to work surface.
Note: AMD has better power management, whereas Intel is more power efficient. B. Recognizing CPU Sockets Learning Objectives In this lab, you’ll identify various CPU sockets.
At the end of this lab, you’ll be able to:
Recognize different kinds of CPU sockets Know which CPUs require which sockets Lab Materials and Setup The materials you need for this lab are:
A notepad and pencil to document the specifications Optional: Access to a working computer with a word processing or spreadsheet application installed and access to the Internet, to facilitate research and documentation of the CPU socket specifications This lab is more effective if you have access to different types of motherboards with different types of CPU sockets.
C. Removing and Installing a CPU Learning Objectives In this lab, you’ll practice removing and installing a CPU and CPU fan assembly.
At the end of this lab, you’ll be able to:
Remove and install a CPU safely and correctly Remove and install a CPU fan assembly safely and correctly Lab Materials and Setup The materials you need for this lab are:
The disassembled, non-production PC Thermal paste A small slotted (flat-head) screwdriver Removing and installing CPUs is one of the most nerve-wracking tasks that new PC techs undertake, but there’s no need to panic. Take proper precautions to prevent ESD damage, and handle the CPU and fan assembly with care.
Warning Be careful not to touch any of the exposed metal contacts on either the CPU or the CPU socket.
Step 1 Using the disassembled PC, determine whether the process of reinstalling and removing the CPU and fan assembly will be easier with the motherboard on an anti-static mat or installed in its case; if preferable, reinstall the motherboard into the case before proceeding. It may find that it is easier to work with the stubborn fan assembly clamp if the motherboard is secured in the case.
Step 2 It needs to remove the fan assembly before removing the CPU from the socket. Screwdown fans are easier to remove than clip fans. Screw-down fans require only that unscrew the securing hardware. Clip fans (found on many types of CPUs) required applying pressure on the clip to release it from the fan mount. Use a small slotted screwdriver to do this, as shown in Figure 5.4. Use caution when prying the clip open, and don’t forget to unplug the CPU fan!
Figure 5.4. Using a screwdriver to remove a clip-type CPU fan from its mount It can be discovered that releasing a fan clip takes way more force than it wants to apply to anything so near a delicate CPU chip. Realizing this in advance, it can be sure to support itself and position the screwdriver carefully, to minimize the possibility of it slipping off and gouging something.
The CPU and fan assembly will have thermal paste residue on the surfaces that were previously touching. Do not reuse thermal paste, apply a fresh layer when reinstall the CPU fan. Using a clean, lint-free cloth, carefully wipe the thermal paste residue from the CPU and fan assembly, and then place the fan assembly on an anti-static surface.
Step 3 Before proceeding, notice the CPU’s orientation notches. All CPUs have some form of orientation notch (or notches).
Now remove the CPU. Start by moving the end of the zero insertion force (ZIF) lever a little outward to clear the safety notch; then raise the lever to a vertical position. Next, grasp the chip carefully by its edges and lift it straight up and out of the socket. Be careful not to lift the CPU at an angle—if it’s a PGA CPU, it’ll bend its tiny pins. LGA CPUs don’t have pins, but it can damage the pins on the motherboard, so still be careful! As lift out the CPU, make sure that the ZIF lever stays in an upright position.
The recommendation to use an older, non-production PC for the disassembly and reassembly exercises may present with the task of working with some older technology. PGA-style packages, even the early designs, are fairly similar from processor to processor. If CPU is an Intel Pentium II or III, or an early AMD Athlon, it may have to work with a Single Edge Contact (SEC) cartridge inserted in a Slot 1 or Slot A socket. Removing an SEC CPU that uses a slot interface normally does not require removing the fan, which is usually attached to the chip cartridge itself. To remove a slot CPU, first check for and release any retaining clips that may be securing it to the slot, and then grasp the cartridge firmly on both ends and pull straight up from the motherboard.
Step 4 When the CPU chip out, examine it closely. The manufacturer usually prints the chip’s brand and type directly on the chip, providing with some important facts about the chip’s design and performance capabilities. If chip is an AMD Athlon X2 dual core, for example, PGA packaging fits in a Socket AM2 (938 pins) and its bus speed is 200 MHz. Make a note of the relevant specs for chip.
What is the CPU information printed on the chip package?
______________________________________________ Warning Hold the CPU only by the edges. Step 5 Reinsert the CPU with the correct orientation, lock down the ZIF lever, and reattach the fan.
Now remove the fan assembly and the CPU again. Practice this a few times to become comfortable with the process. After finished practicing, reinsert the CPU for the last time. Be sure to apply a thin film of fresh thermal paste onto the square in the center of the top of the CPU before placing the fan.
Now reattach the fan assembly. Don’t forget to plug the fan back in!
Step 6 It may possible to leave CPU/fan assembly installed on the motherboard and place the motherboard on anti-static mat. Optionally, if reinstalled the motherboard in the case, leave it as assembled.
D. Cooling CPU Learning Objectives In this lab, you’ll identify the strengths and weaknesses of three CPU cooling options: OEM fans, third party fans, and liquid cooling.
At the end of this lab, you’ll be able to:
Determine the cooling needs of your CPU Decide on the form of cooling to use for your needs Lab Materials and Setup The materials you need for this lab are: Access to a working computer with Internet access A notepad and pencil to document the specifications After installing the CPU, make sure it’s properly cooled, too! Someone new to the CPU cooling business might be tempted to think that CPUs come from the factory with a defined operating temperature. This isn’t the case. The operating temperature depends tremendously on the way how it setup up for cooling the CPU. A far more reliable measurement is power consumption, the amount of power a CPU generates. CPU power consumption is measured in watts (W), with most desktop CPUs consuming in excess of 100 W. This level of power consumption generates a tremendous amount of heat. If this heat isn’t taken away from the CPU by some form of cooling, the CPU will begin to overheat. If a CPU gets too hot, it will automatically shut itself down to prevent permanent damage. Therefore, it needs to provide some form of cooling device on the CPU. Determine the cooling needs of CPU, and decide on the form of cooling to use for needs are the learning objectives here. The three most common types of CPU cooling are original equipment manufacturer (OEM) fans, third party fans, and liquid cooling. Each of the following steps gives an opportunity to investigate each of these options for a particular CPU.
Step 1 For the purposes of this exercise, pick out any single modern CPU as a sample CPU – use this to find the proper cooling devices. Individual CPUs are most commonly sold in what’s known as a “retail box.” This includes both the CPU and an OEM fan.
Step 2 Look online for third-party fan solutions for the Chosen CPU. Look for the following popular brand names and see what third-party fans each of these manufacturers offer for that CPU: Antec, Arctic Cooling, Cooler Master, Thermaltake, Zalman Document the name, model number and price for each one and list some of the benefits it offers:
Step 3 Do some research on liquid cooling. Why would anyone want to use liquid cooling on a CPU?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Step 4 Using the same manufacturers listed in Step 3, try to find liquid cooling options for selected CPU.
Most liquid cooling options are either bolt-on (they can be added to an existing case) or case-integrated (they are built into a system case).
E. Exploring CPU Specifications with CPU-Z Learning Objectives In this lab, you’ll identify various CPU specifications.
At the end of this lab, you’ll be able to:
Run the CPU-Z utility Recognize key characteristics