Computer

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• a Kempf, Karl (1961). "Historical Monograph: Electronic Computers Within the Ordnance Corps". Aberdeen Proving Ground (United States Army).


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• a Shannon, Claude Elwood (1940). "A symbolic analysis of relay and switching circuits". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. hdl:1721.1/11173.


• Digital Equipment Corporation (1972). PDP-11/40 Processor Handbook (PDF). Maynard, MA: Digital Equipment Corporation.


• Verma, G.; Mielke, N. (1988). "Reliability performance of ETOX based flash memories". IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium.


• Swade, Doron D. (February 1993). "Redeeming Charles Babbage's Mechanical Computer". Scientific American. 268 (2): 86–91. Bibcode:1993SciAm.268b..86S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0293-86. JSTOR 24941379.


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• Lavington, Simon (1998). A History of Manchester Computers (2 ed.). Swindon: The British Computer Society. ISBN 978-0-902505-01-8.


• Light, Jennifer S. (1999). "When Computers Were Women". Technology and Culture. 40 (3): 455–483. JSTOR 25147356.


• Stokes, Jon (2007). Inside the Machine: An Illustrated Introduction to Microprocessors and Computer Architecture. San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-59327-104-6.


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• Felt, Dorr E. (1916). Mechanical arithmetic, or The history of the counting machine. Chicago: Washington Institute.


• Ifrah, Georges (2001). The Universal History of Computing: From the Abacus to the Quantum Computer. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-39671-0.


• Berkeley, Edmund (1949). Giant Brains, or Machines That Think. John Wiley & Sons.


• Cohen, Bernard (2000). Howard Aiken, Portrait of a computer pioneer. Physics Today. 53. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. pp. 74–75. Bibcode:2000PhT....53c..74C. doi:10.1063/1.883007. ISBN 978-0-262-53179-5.


• Ligonnière, Robert (1987). Préhistoire et Histoire des ordinateurs. Paris: Robert Laffont. ISBN 978-2-221-05261-7.


• Couffignal, Louis (1933). Les machines à calculer ; leurs principes, leur évolution. Paris: Gauthier-Villars.


• Essinger, James (2004). Jacquard's Web, How a hand loom led to the birth of the information age. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280577-5.


• Hyman, Anthony (1985). Charles Babbage: Pioneer of the Computer. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02377-9.


• Bowden, B. V. (1953). Faster than thought. New York, Toronto, London: Pitman publishing corporation.


• Moseley, Maboth (1964). Irascible Genius, Charles Babbage, inventor. London: Hutchinson.


• Collier, Bruce (1970). The little engine that could've: The calculating machines of Charles Babbage. Garland Publishing Inc. ISBN 978-0-8240-0043-1.


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