^ Morris, Brian J.; Krieger, John N. (2017-08-04). "Does Circumcision Increase Meatal Stenosis Risk? – a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Urology. 110: 16–26. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2017.07.027. ISSN1527-9995. PMID28826876. Weak evidence suggests that MS risk might be higher in circumcised boys and young adult males.
^ Shabanzadeh DM, Düring S, Frimodt-Møller C (July 2016). "Male circumcision does not result in inferior perceived male sexual function - a systematic review". Dan Med J (Systematic review). 63 (7). PMID27399981.
^ Yang, Y; Wang, X; Bai, Y; Han, P (27 June 2017). "Circumcision does not have effect on premature ejaculation: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Andrologia. 50 (2): e12851. doi:10.1111/and.12851. PMID28653427. S2CID3305071.
^ ab Bossio JA, Pukall CF, Steele S (2014). "A review of the current state of the male circumcision literature". J. Sex. Med. 11 (12): 2847–64. doi:10.1111/jsm.12703. PMID25284631.
^ Klavs I, Hamers FF (February 2008). "Male circumcision in Slovenia: results from a national probability sample survey". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 84 (1): 49–50. doi:10.1136/sti.2007.027524. PMID17881413. S2CID24535897.
^ ab "Circumcision". Encyclopaedia Judaica (2 ed.). USA: Macmillan Reference. 2006. ISBN978-0-02-865928-2.
^ Hirsch, Emil G; Kohler, Kaufmann; Jacobs, Joseph; Friedenwald, Aaron; Broydé, Isaac (1906). "Circumcision". Jewish Encyclopedia. In order to prevent the obliteration of the 'seal of the covenant' on the flesh, as circumcision was henceforth called, the Rabbis, probably after the war of Bar Kokba (see Yeb. l.c.; Gen. R. xlvi.), instituted the 'peri'ah' (the laying bare of the glans), without which circumcision was declared to be of no value (Shab. xxx. 6).
^ Gollaher (2001), ch. 2, Christians and Muslims, pp. 31–52
^ Gollaher (2001), ch. 3, Symbolic Wounds, pp. 53–72
^ abc Darby, Robert (Spring 2003). "The Masturbation Taboo and the Rise of Routine Male Circumcision: A Review of the Historiography". Journal of Social History. 36 (3): 737–757. doi:10.1353/jsh.2003.0047. S2CID72536074.
^ abc Gollaher (2001), ch. 4, From Ritual to Science, pp. 73–108
^ ab Darby, Robert (2005). A surgical temptation : the demonization of the foreskin and the rise of circumcision in Britain. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 262–. ISBN978-0-226-13645-5.
^ Boyle GJ, Hill G (2011). "Sub-Saharan African randomised clinical trials into male circumcision and HIV transmission: methodological, ethical and legal concerns". J Law Med. 19 (2): 316–34. PMID22320006.