Circumcision

Circumcision

Source

  • ^ Frisch M; et al. (2013). "Cultural Bias in the AAP's 2012 Technical Report and Policy Statement on Male Circumcision". Pediatrics. 131 (4): 796–800. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2896. PMID 23509170.

  • ^ McNeil, Jr., Donald G. (March 3, 2009). "AIDS: New Web Site Seeks to Fight Myths About Circumcision and H.I.V." The New York Times. p. D6. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved February 1, 2012.

  • ^ "Clearinghouse on Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention Redesigned". AVAC. May 2015. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2017.

  • ^ a b c al-Sabbagh, Muhammad Lutfi (1996). Islamic ruling on male and female circumcision. World Health Organization. p. 16. ISBN 978-92-9021-216-4.

  • ^ a b c "Circumcision". Encyclopedia of Religion (2 ed.). Gale. 2005.

  • ^ a b Thomas Riggs (2006). "Christianity: Coptic Christianity". Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices: Religions and denominations. Thomson Gale. ISBN 978-0-7876-6612-5. Archived from the original on 2016-01-18.

  • ^ Bolnick, David A.; Katz, Kenneth E. (2012). "Jewish Ritual Circumcision". In Bolnick, David A.; Koyle, Martin; Yosha, Assaf (eds.). Surgical Guide to Circumcision. London: Springer. pp. 265–274. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_23. ISBN 978-1-4471-2857-1.

  • ^ Talmud Avodah Zarah 26b; Menachot 42a; Maimonides' Mishneh Torah, Milah, ii. 1; Shulkhan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah, l.c.

  • ^ Berit Mila Program of Reform Judaism Retrieved 2 February 2015

  • ^ Chernikoff, Helen (October 3, 2007). "Jewish "intactivists" in U.S. stop circumcising". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved 2007-11-03.

  • ^ Reiss, MD, Dr. Mark (2006). "Celebrants of Brit Shalom". Brit Shalom. Archived from the original on 2014-12-13. Retrieved 2007-10-03.

  • ^ Goldman, PhD, Ron (2006). "Providers of Brit Shalom". Jews Against Circumcision. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-10-03.

  • ^ Glickman, Mark (November 12, 2005). "B'rit Milah: A Jewish Answer to Modernity". Reform Judaism. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved 2017-03-11.

  • ^ Cohen, Rabbi Howard (May 20, 2002). "Bo: Defining Boundaries". Jewish Reconstructionist Federation. Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-03.

  • ^ Epstein, Lawrence (2007). "The Conversion Process". Calgary Jewish Community Council. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved 2007-11-03.

  • ^ a b El-Sheemy, Mohamed S.; Ziada, Ali M. (2012). "Islam and Circumcision". In Bolnick, David A.; Koyle, Martin; Yosha, Assaf (eds.). Surgical Guide to Circumcision. London: Springer. pp. 275–280. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_24. ISBN 978-1-4471-2857-1.

  • ^ Eugenius IV, Pope (1990) [1442]. "Ecumenical Council of Florence (1438–1445): Session 11—4 February 1442; Bull of union with the Copts". In Norman P. Tanner (ed.). Decrees of the ecumenical councils. 2 volumes (in Greek and Latin). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-490-2. LCCN 90003209. Retrieved 2007-04-25. it denounces all who after that time observe circumcision

  • ^ Slosar, J.P.; D. O'Brien (2003). "The Ethics of Neonatal Male Circumcision: A Catholic Perspective". American Journal of Bioethics. 3 (2): 62–64. doi:10.1162/152651603766436306. PMID 12859824. S2CID 38064474.

  • ^ Adams, Gregory; Adams, Kristina (2012). "Circumcision in the Early Christian Church: The Controversy That Shaped a Continent". In Bolnick, David A.; Koyle, Martin; Yosha, Assaf (eds.). Surgical Guide to Circumcision. London: Springer. pp. 291–298. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2858-8_26. ISBN 978-1-4471-2857-1.

  • ^ Spencer, Paul (c. 1988). The Maasai of Matapato: A Study of Rituals of Rebellion. London: Manchester University Press. pp. Chapter 5. ISBN 9780719025549.

  • ^ Pathisa, Nyathi (2008). Zimbabwe's Cultural Heritage. amabooks. pp. 60–61. ISBN 9780797445048.

  • ^ Ally Fogg (25 August 2014). "The death and deformity caused by male circumcision in Africa can't be ignored". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015.

  • ^ a b "Tuli a rite of passage for Filipino boys". May 6, 2011. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2015.

  • ^ "'Circumcision season': Philippine rite puts boys under pressure". Channel News Asia. Agence France-Presse. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2019.

  • ^ a b "Circumcision of Infant Males" (PDF). The Royal Australasian College of Physicians. Sep 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2013.

  • ^ "Circumcision remains legal in Germany". Deutsche Welle. 12 Dec 2012. Archived from the original on 26 October 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.

  • ^ "VIOLATING CHILDREN'S RIGHTS: Harmful practices based on tradition, culture, religion or superstition" (PDF). October 2012.

  • ^ "Stellungnahme zur Beschneidung von minderjährigen Jungen" (PDF). dakj.de. 25 July 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2017.

  • ^ a b Doyle S, Kahn J, Hosang N, Carroll P (2010). "The Impact of Male Circumcision on HIV Transmission". Journal of Urology. 183 (1): 21–26. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.09.030. PMID 19913816.

  • ^ Grimes, Caris E.; Henry, Jaymie Ang; Maraka, Jane; Mkandawire, Nyengo C.; Cotton, Michael (8 October 2013). "Cost-effectiveness of Surgery in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review". World Journal of Surgery. 38 (1): 252–263. doi:10.1007/s00268-013-2243-y. PMID 24101020. S2CID 2166354.

  • ^ a b Binagwaho, A; Pegurri, E; Muita, J; Bertozzi, S (Jan 2010). Kalichman, Seth C (ed.). "Male circumcision at different ages in Rwanda: a cost-effectiveness study". PLOS Medicine. 7 (1): e1000211. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000211. PMC 2808207. PMID 20098721.

  • ^ Hankins, C; Forsythe, S; Njeuhmeli, E (Mar 2012). Sansom, Stephanie L (ed.). "Voluntary medical male circumcision: an introduction to the cost, impact, and challenges of accelerated scaling up". PLOS Medicine. 8 (11): e1001127. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001127. PMC 3226452. PMID 22140362.

  • ^ Xu, X; Patel, DA; Dalton, VK; Pearlman, MD; Johnson, TR (Mar 2009). "Can routine neonatal circumcision help prevent human immunodeficiency virus transmission in the United States?". American Journal of Men's Health. 3 (1): 79–84. doi:10.1177/1557988308323616. PMC 2678848. PMID 19430583.

  • ^ Tobian, AA; Kacker, S; Quinn, TC (2014). "Male circumcision: a globally relevant but under-utilized method for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections". Annual Review of Medicine. 65: 293–306. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-092412-090539. PMC 4539243. PMID 24111891.

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